和君恒成-恒成洞见-思想观点

[{"id":48,"title":"班组基础工作制度标准化理论研究","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1684812900,"onclick":0,"sort":7,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1684813287,"update_time":1684813509,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"通过制度标准化建设进而提升企业班组建设水平，是企业管理体制成熟的标志。在公司转型过程中，现有的工作制度需要动态调整，这需要反馈渠道的畅通和各级单位的联动才能形成，与之相匹配的工作机制能够保证基层班组信息传递形成闭环。制度化管理模式是企业发展到一定程度的必然阶段。新疆移动通过全面梳理班组规章制度，加强规章制度的制定，适应班组的现实情况，强化规章制度的执行力，形成了靠制度管理、靠制度落实、靠制度监督的动态工作机制。","tu":"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523763283.png","content":"摘要<\/strong><\/p>通过制度标准化建设进而提升企业班组建设水平，是企业管理体制成熟的标志。在公司转型过程中，现有的工作制度需要动态调整，这需要反馈渠道的畅通和各级单位的联动才能形成，与之相匹配的工作机制能够保证基层班组信息传递形成闭环。制度化管理模式是企业发展到一定程度的必然阶段。新疆移动通过全面梳理班组规章制度，加强规章制度的制定，适应班组的现实情况，强化规章制度的执行力，形成了靠制度管理、靠制度落实、靠制度监督的动态工作机制。<\/p>关键词：班组制度，制度标准化<\/p>引言<\/strong><\/p>班组是企业的细胞，是企业生产经营活动与社会服务的基础环节，也是企业文化建设的重要阵地。任何一个企业的方针、战略规划的实现，取决于各个基层班组的组织状况和执行过程。班组人员的素质高低、组织能力的强弱，直接关系到企业生产运行是否平稳，产品与服务质量的高低，生产成本的大小，最终影响企业的整体效益。只有每个班组都健康运转、充满活力，企业才能实现安全、稳定、持续、优质的生产与服务，才会有旺盛的活力和生命力，才能在激烈的市场竞争中长久地立于不败之地。因此，班组建设与管理水平的高低，对企业的生存与发展有着直接关系。<\/p>中国移动集团新疆有限公司（以下简称“新疆移动”）班组建设工作在不断的向前发展，在全业务竞争格局下，公司的内外部环境及员工队伍结构和规模均发生了巨大的变化，同时对班组建设的各方面工作提出了新的挑战。在公司转型过程中，现有的工作制度需要动态调整，这需要反馈渠道的畅通和各级单位的联动才能形成，与之相匹配的工作机制能够保证基层班组信息传递形成闭环。有效解决基层队伍对于基础、队伍、文化等各方面的需求，进一步推动基层组织效能的快速提升，实现在竞争环境下的核心竞争实力的再造。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523763283.png\" title=\"20230523763283.png\" alt=\"11.png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>一、班组建设的内容与重要性<\/strong><\/p>Part.1 班组建设的内容<\/p>班组建设的实质内容是企业基层组织的建设，为实现企业最末端单元的系统化，使其更加适应生产目标和生产力发展水平的需要。新疆移动班组建设工作主要包括班组基础建设、班组队伍建设、班组文化建设三个方面，主要内容有班前班后会、安全例会、民主管理、知识管理、学习培训、沟通协作、质量安全、绩效考核等。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523643681.png\" title=\"20230523643681.png\" alt=\"22.png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>Part.2 班组建设的重要性<\/p>①班组是企业生产活动的落脚点<\/p>班组是实现企业发展壮大的有效载体，是企业各项生产活动的落脚点。每一个班组的活动都是企业生产活动的一部分，班组是企业生产的经营活动中的重要环节，生产流程是一环扣一环，任何一个环节出现了问题都直接影响到企业生产任务，产品质量的如期完成。在生产过程中，每个班组都承担着繁重的生产任务，对本班的人员管理、生产计划、质量管理、安全管理负有很大的责任，各项工作的完成好坏决定了整个企业的指标完成的好坏。<\/p>②班组是企业培养人才的孵化器<\/p>班组是企业孕育、培养技术人才的重要阵地，是企业职工实现人生价值的舞台。各级管理人员、职工不但要提高对班组建设的认识水平，而且要积极地投身到班组建设中去，把企业的利益和职工的利益紧密联系起来，激发班组成员抓好班组建设的信心和决心，只有大家上下统一认识，齐心协力，在工作中积极解决可能出现的困难和问题，为公司的发展献计献策，企业才能有所发展。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523437138.png\" title=\"20230523437138.png\" alt=\"33.png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>③班组是企业管理的奠基石 <\/p>通过采取发行刊物及举办会议的形式，协会提供法律领域发展的最新动态，并积极解决阻碍民主、和平发展的问题。班组是企业管理的基础。班组管理是企业管理的基础，企业管理的各项管理制度，作业及工艺标准最终还是要班组来落实；同样，大量的记录、统计台帐等都在班组完成。同时，班组是生产一线的最基层的单位，最清楚生产中的关键及潜力所在，企业管理中的制度的完善程度需要到班组中实践、检验，存在的问题与不足之处，也最易在班组中反映出来，班组各项工作的水不平反映了整个企业经营管理水平。<\/p>④班组是企业提升的助燃剂 <\/p>班组建设是提升企业竞争力、实现现代化管理的客观要求和前提。只有班组建设的水平和人员素质提高了，企业的竞争力增强了，现代化管理水平提高了，企业的形象和效益才能得到更好的体现和发挥。因此，大力加强班组工作建设，增加班组软、硬件设施，开展创建学习型班组活动，使广大班组和员工认识问题、思考问题、解决问题的方式发生了变化，学习能力、创新能力、自主管理能力、凝聚力和安全生产意识才能不断提高。<\/p>二、班组建设现状和制度管理的问题<\/strong><\/p>目前，新疆移动的班组建设工作可以划分为三个阶段：第一阶段深入调研，提出“三横十六纵”的班组建设模式；第二阶段全面推进，选树标杆，营造班组建设氛围；第三阶段夯实巩固基础，总结完善，积极探索班组建设新模式。但是在班组建设推进的过程中，也出现了一些问题，在一定程度上阻滞了班组建设工作的进一步发展。其中制度管理问题较为突出。<\/p>班组制度管理问题主要表现在以下几个方面，首先，基础制度与工作标准不健全、不规范、不科学，有些班组在工作中虽然形成了制度，但是没有形成一个规范的制度体系，甚至有些班组制度偏离了工作实际；其次，班组激励机制不健全，班组的考核方式单一，考核过细，过于注重结果，这不但对员工的绩效提升没有帮助反而会增加他们的工作压力；最后，班组培训体系不健全，缺乏长效的培训机制，班组内部没用形成主动学习氛围，培训流于形式，培训的内容偏离实际需求，培训达不到预期效果。<\/p>三、班组基础制度管理标准化建立的探索<\/strong><\/p>Part.1 全面梳理制度是寻找问题症结所在的前提<\/p>新疆公司结合班组实际情况情况，对各类班组的各项规章制度进行了全面梳理，经过梳理查找出规章制度管理中存在的一些问题，主要表现为：一是制度内容存在冲突，主要原因是部门之间沟通协调不够，或是后制定的制度对原有制度进行了修订，但新制度印发时没有明确废止原制度，致使新旧制度并存；二是制度内容存在重复。主要原因是原来班组管理制度的制定完全由班组长所为，制定制度比较随意，一个班组针对同一个管理事项先后制定有“规定”、“办法”、“细则”等；三是制度体例格式不统一。四是制度语言表述不规范。一些班组在起草制度时用词不够准确，表达不够清晰，易造成歧义或误解。<\/p>Part.2 推行制度标准化模板是构建制度管理体系的途径<\/p>为建立科学的规章制度体系，党群部牵头，结合企业实际运用标准化管理手段起草下发了《新疆移动班组管理制度模板》、《新疆移动班组管理制度样板》。规定相关记录标准格式、规范编制了各项管理、计划模板和其他要求。针对16种不同类型的班组制定出各具特色的班组管理手册。通过编写管理标准、工作标准，建立业务流程使每项工作职责明确、流程清晰、闭环运行，从而实现了凡事有章可循、凡事有据可查、凡事有人负责、凡事有人监督的机制，强化了规章制度的落实。在制度审核中新疆公司邀请班组建设专家组，大力推进规章制度的标准模板应用工作，努力搭建新疆移动标准化制度体系的运行平台。目前新制定或修订的制度逐步实现标准化。<\/p>Part.3 强化制度管理的内部沟通是制度标准化体系的保障<\/p>按制度标准化设计，新疆移动要求业务各部门切实按照制度标准化的规定和标准，科学管理，规范公正地进行检查；基层单位认真执行各项要求，按照岗检标准开展工作，主动接受检查，以积极的姿态落实问题整改，各级领导的指导作用发挥更加明显，基层的执行责任落实更加有效，综合管理部门和基层的衔接更加顺畅。<\/p>四、班组制度标准化建设展望<\/strong><\/p>Part.1  全面宣贯培训是前提和重点<\/p>制度标准化体系构建需要企业各部门的班组甚至每一员工广泛参与，制度管理要求是否有效、能否有效执行都需每一位员工在运行中配合。因此宣贯培训，是标准化制度构建的前提和重点，在宣贯培训中牵头部门需要结合管理需求和职能部门班组的专业特点对相关班组进行了一对一的详尽指导，定期召开各班组联络员会议，及时协调制度标准化信息化进程中出现的问题。参训人员不仅了解制度标准化内涵，还对制度制定进行讨论，深度参与制度修订完善通过这种方式，才能使得制度的制定者与制度的执行者充分沟通，相互配合，达到更好地接受制度，遵守制度，提升制度的执行力。<\/p>Part.2 制度信息化是手段<\/p>管理信息化是现代企业推进企业科学管理，提高管理效能的一个必经过程。标准化制度修订与信息手段的结合对制度的执行监督与考核等关键环节进行自动管理，不仅会大大降低了管理成本，另一方面也大大提高了工作效率。<\/p>Part.3 闭环管理是持续改进的有效途径<\/p>实践表明，企业管理制度不是一成不变的，需要根据企业目标，环境变化及时做出调整。参照质量管理中戴明环PDCA（计划、执行、检查与考核执行），使制度管理要求职责明确流程清晰闭环运行，进而实现：凡事有章可循凡事有据可查凡事有人负责，凡事有人监督的机制，才能有效促进管理提升。<\/p>","year":"2023","fid":"52","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"154\"]"},{"id":49,"title":"数字经济与数字中国的差别-从2023年政策解读看2035年远景目标规划落地","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1684830420,"onclick":0,"sort":6,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1684831703,"update_time":1684831703,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"2023年中国两会前后，国务院先是在2月份印发《数字中国建设整体布局规划》，然后在3月份在颁布的《国务院机构改革方案》的第八项内容中，明确成立国家数据局。","tu":"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523704204.jpg","content":"数字经济、数字中国“政策”时间线<\/strong><\/p>2023年中国两会前后，国务院先是在2月份印发《数字中国建设整体布局规划》，然后在3月份在颁布的《国务院机构改革方案》的第八项内容中，明确成立国家数据局。貌似这些政策的出台，与2022年12月份《中共中央国务院关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》提出的“数据20条”有关。而实际上关于数字经济、数字中国，乃至数字政府、数字生态的构思与规划，早在2021年3月份的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035愿景目标纲要》中就已经提出。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523704204.jpg\" title=\"20230523704204.jpg\" alt=\"1.jpg\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>《2035远景目标纲要》是如何定义数字经济与数字中国<\/strong><\/p>2021年3月《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》总共十九个篇章。从“全面开启建设社会主义现代化国家新征程”到“加强规划实施保障”，涵盖了中国截止到2035年的所有发展目标。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523101160.jpg\" title=\"20230523101160.jpg\" alt=\"2.jpg\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>其中“第五篇加快数字化发展建设数字中国”不仅放到了整个规划靠前的位置，更明确了从“数字经济”到“数字中国”的相关定义与框架。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523610421.jpg\" title=\"20230523610421.jpg\" alt=\"3.jpg\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>第五篇开始的“第十五章打造数字经济新优势”明确了数字经济基础定义，即解决涵盖高端芯片、操作系统、人工智能关键算法和传感器等卡脖子的【关键数字技术创新】。<\/p>以及大数据、云计算、区块链、网络安全和人工智能等新型数字产业的【数字产业化】与基于数据推动全产业协同延展生产经营与管理服务转型升级的【产业数字化】。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523863169.jpg\" title=\"20230523863169.jpg\" alt=\"4.jpg\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>并基于数字经济的框架，构建了专栏8 数字经济重点产业。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523616195.jpg\" title=\"20230523616195.jpg\" alt=\"5.jpg\"\/><\/p>“第五篇加快数字化发展建设数字中国”中的第十六、十七、十八章明确了数字中国基础定义：涵盖了数字社会、数字政府和数字生态的所有内容。<br\/><\/p>“第十六章加快数字社会建设步伐”中提到公共服务下数字化的普惠服务为公民要带来怎样的便利，以及通过完善信息模型、构建数据大脑来建设智慧城市和数字乡村，进而推动衣、食、住、行各种生活场景下新型数字生活的美好图景。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523336235.jpg\" title=\"20230523336235.jpg\" alt=\"6.jpg\"\/><\/p>“第十七章提高数字政府建设水平”中即提到要建立全国家的公共数据资源体系，并且在确保数据安全的情况下，推动数据能够让更多经营主体使用，为社会发展及服务带来便利。又强调地方政府要完善所属区域全部门间在数据打通的情况下，提升各个职能部门的公共服务及区域治理效能，并基于数字化、智能化完善和提升预警和应急处置能力。<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523519509.jpg\" title=\"20230523519509.jpg\" alt=\"7.jpg\"\/><\/p>“第十八章营造良好数字生态”强调数据开发的前提下，构建数据所属权、流通权相关标准和机制的过程中，加强数字经济相关的宣传教育和人才培养。<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523446086.jpg\" title=\"20230523446086.jpg\" alt=\"8.jpg\"\/><\/p>并基于数字中国的框架，构建了专栏9 数字化应用场景。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523906165.jpg\" title=\"20230523906165.jpg\" alt=\"9.jpg\"\/><\/p>“第五篇加快数字化发展建设数字中国”的专栏8 数字经济重点产业和专栏9 数字化应用场景中，看到了数字经济与数字中国相关建设的方向，可以用于各级政府的重点产业规划、专项预算、引导基金等预算外自主发展相关工作指导中。<\/p>2021年数字经济的分类与发展规划<\/strong><\/p>在3月份《十四五和2035年目标纲要》推出的前提下，国家统计局于5月份公布了《数字经济及其核心产业统计分类（2021）》，紧接着国务院于12月发布了《“十四五”数字经济发展规划》。<\/p>国家统计局为贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于数字经济和信息化发展战略的重大决策部署，科学界定数字经济及其核心产业统计范围，全面统计数字经济发展规模、速度、结构，满足各级党委、政府和社会各界对数字经济的统计需求，制定了如下分类：<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523518984.jpg\" title=\"20230523518984.jpg\" alt=\"10.jpg\"\/><\/p>从国家统计局的分类中，进一步明确了我国对于数字经济的定义，就是【数字产业化】与【产业数字化】，以及解决卡脖子问题的【关键数字技术创新】。<br\/><\/p>而国务院的在“十四五”数字经济发展规划中，强调数字经济是继农业经济、工业经济之后的主要经济形态，是以数据资源为关键要素，以现代信息网络为主要载体，以信息通信技术融合应用、全要素数字化转型为重要推动力，促进公平与效率更加统一的新经济形态。并明确了细化指标：<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523682972.jpg\" title=\"20230523682972.jpg\" alt=\"11.jpg\"\/><\/p>规划紧扣数字经济高质量发展要求，围绕数字基础设施、数据要素、产业数字化转型、数字产业化、公共服务数字化、数字经济治理体系、安全体系、国际合作等方面提出了“十四五”时期的重点任务和重点工程。<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523455616.jpg\" title=\"20230523455616.jpg\" alt=\"12.jpg\"\/><\/p>2022年发布数据二十条<\/strong><\/p>2022年12月《中共中央国务院关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》对外发布，从数据产权、流通交易、收益分配、安全治理等方面构建数据基础制度，提出20条政策举措。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523386124.jpg\" title=\"20230523386124.jpg\" alt=\"13.jpg\"\/><\/p>意见通过数据流通规则和底线的确立，解决流通过程的体制机制障碍，推进数据应用畅通，发挥数据的新生产要素作用，对于大力发展数字经济非常有意义。<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523896727.jpg\" title=\"20230523896727.jpg\" alt=\"14.jpg\"\/><\/p>2023年从数字中国到国家数据局成立<\/strong><br\/><\/p>2023年中国两会前后，国务院先是在2月份引发《数字中国建设整体布局规划》，然后在3月份在颁布的《国务院机构改革方案》的第八项内容中，明确成立国家数据局。<\/p>《数字中国建设整体布局规划》阐述了建设数字中国是数字时代推进中国式现代化的重要引擎，无论是从国家还是企业层面，数字化都是核心竞争力与护城河，是与竞争对手拉开差距的必须要构建的底层能力。<\/p>工作基调：稳中求进；<\/p>战略路径：夯实基础、赋能全局、强化能力、优化环境；<\/p>变革方式：数字化驱动生产生活和治理；<\/p>2025目标：横向打通、纵向贯通、协调有力。<\/p>规划中还提出了两大基础、五位一体、两大能力和两个环境的“2522”布局框架。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523607488.jpg\" title=\"20230523607488.jpg\" alt=\"15.jpg\"\/><\/p>这个规划里涉及了数字基础设施、数据资源、数据流通、数字经济、数字文化等多个领域，也表达出在互联网蓬勃发展的中国，公共服务领域在整个社会经济结构中的不足。<br\/><\/p>而谈到国家数据局的成立，将分属不同职能部门关于数字经济与数字中国的规划统一之后，当前国家数据局有两个定位：一是统筹、二是协调。<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523878800.jpg\" title=\"20230523878800.jpg\" alt=\"16.jpg\"\/><\/p>统筹：把数字经济、数字中国相关的职能部门拉到一起，干一件事；<br\/><\/p>协调：在相关职能部门之间来回穿梭，信息、思路互动有无。<\/p>相对于当前省级大数据局运营过程中任然存在的机构性质不明确、职能定位不清晰、权属配置不科学，国家数据局当前最核心的工具就是通过统筹和协调，合理划分相关部门职责分工，构建数据共建共享，高效服务社会的政府治理机制与体系。<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523889900.jpg\" title=\"20230523889900.jpg\" alt=\"17.jpg\"\/><\/p>地方大数据局的发展现状与发展思考<\/strong><\/p>2018年3月份，地方政府响应《中共中央关于深化党和国家机构改革的决定》设立大数据管理局，是机构与行政体制改革一个值得关注的新动向，也是许多省份的“自选动作”。<\/p>截至2019年6月，我国省级、地级地方政府已基本完成机构改革任务，在全国31个省级行政区中，共有18个省（直辖市、自治区）设有省级大数据管理机构，占比58%，它们分别是北京、天津、内蒙古、吉林、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东、河南、广东、广西、重庆、贵州、陕西和海南。<br\/><\/p>全国333个地级行政单位中共有208个地区设有大数据管理机构，占比62.5%。中国的22个省会城市、4个自治区首府（拉萨除外）以及5个非省会副省级城市，共计31个行政单位设立了大数据管理机构。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523364370.jpg\" title=\"20230523364370.jpg\" alt=\"18.jpg\"\/><\/p>注：数据来源于百度搜索<br\/><\/p>当前地方大数据局，在2018年省级机构改革后相关的机构、职能特征<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523251891.jpg\" title=\"20230523251891.jpg\" alt=\"19.jpg\"\/><\/p>注：数据来源于百度搜索<br\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>浙江、福建、广东、河南四省将大数据局设置为省政府部门管理机构。部门管理机构指由主管部门管理的，负责某方面工作的行政机构，具有相对独立性。例如，浙江、广东、河南三省大数据局均由省政府办公厅管理，福建省大数据局由省发展改革委员会管理。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523370256.jpg\" title=\"20230523370256.jpg\" alt=\"20.jpg\"\/><\/p>与此同时，省级单位该有哪些行政机构、事业单位履行大数据行政管理职能，在实践中仍存在较大争议。而国家数据局的成立，关于地方统筹推进信息化建设、数字经济发展、数字政府建设等职能部门履行的职责，有了相对明确的参考借鉴。<\/p>从2023年政策解读看2035年远景目标规划<\/strong><br\/><\/p>中国的数字经济正随着互联网龙头企业“云服务”体系形成数字产业化越发清晰的展现在世人面前；基于数字化工具提升农业、制造业、服务业效能的产业数字化也正在如火如荼的展开；而解决卡脖子问题的关键数字技术创新也伴随着开源社区及信息科学、生命科学与材料学等交叉创新在悄然发展着。<\/p>数字中国的建立，不论是数字社会中智慧城市和数字乡村公共服务下数字生活公共服务美好生活的新图景，还是数字政府数据的横向串联与纵向打通的治理能力，或是数字生态中关于数据资产价值相关的制度建立、宣传与人才培养，都不是短时间能够达成的任务。<\/p>而当中国663个城市都完成了数字经济和数字中国的目标，一个超越我们想象力的数据资产新模式，将呈现在我们生活中。<\/p>","year":"2023","fid":"156","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"156\"]"},{"id":51,"title":"新时代国有企业干部管理体系建设全景","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1684835160,"onclick":0,"sort":5,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1684835747,"update_time":1684835962,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"在党的二十大报告中，明确提出了“建设堪当民族复兴重任的高素质干部队伍”的工作要求。中央组织部副部长徐启方会后在记者招待会上对新印发的《推进领导干部能上能下规定》进行了深入解读，部分展示了党和国家对干部管理工作的导向，也揭示了国企干部管理进入了新的时代。","tu":"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523154157.jpg","content":"编者按<\/strong><\/p>在党的二十大报告中，明确提出了“建设堪当民族复兴重任的高素质干部队伍”的工作要求。中央组织部副部长徐启方会后在记者招待会上对新印发的《推进领导干部能上能下规定》进行了深入解读，部分展示了党和国家对干部管理工作的导向，也揭示了国企干部管理进入了新的时代。<\/p>改革开放四十多年来，干部管理的变革逻辑其实非常清晰，基本以十年为周期，沿着“国资国企改革”的核心主线在持续迭代升级。经历了“厂长承包 – 经理上任 – 体系建设 – 综合发展”四个阶段后，海纳人才认为，即将进入“专业引领”的新时代。<\/p>在新时代下，为了实现国资国企做大做优做强，落到干部管理上就有了“用专业眼光选拔干部”、“用专业手段培养干部”、“用专业办法激励干部”这三方面新的要求，以求通过塑造高素质专业化的干部队伍，精准选人用人，做到人岗相适、有效激活、科学培养，打通干部管理全流程，从根本上推动国有企业业绩持续增长。在服务的多个与“国企改革”相关的项目中，海纳人才发现，要满足新时代下干部“选育用留”的相关需求，最终都要通过建设一套干部管理体系来有效、持续地解决。<\/p>今天，我将结合在过往项目实践中的积累和思考，为大家分析国有企业干部管理体系建设全景应该包含哪些内容。正如毛主席曾讲：“正确的路线确定之后，干部就是决定的因素”，“干部”对于国企发展具有战略性的意义。所谓“干部管理”，指的是针对干部群体，利用选用育留的人力资源管理理念，通过干部盘点、规划、选拔、任用、培养、评价、激励、退出等步骤，构建有针对性的管理全景体系，有效激活干部，而非单模块的片面聚焦。<\/p>在提供咨询服务或走访企业单位的过程中就发现，在干部管理工作中，国企主要存在以下七大常见问题：<\/p>01 认知混淆不清<\/span><\/p>许多国企在谈干部管理时，往往把“干部管理”和“干部队伍建设”混为一谈，认为干部管理就是对干部的界定和选拔、干部培养等某些细分的工作，而不是将干部管理作为一个体系建设工作来理解和解读。<\/p>02 忽视标准建立<\/span><\/p>部分国企不重视干部标准的建立，或标准单一，对不同层级、专业区分度低，还有标准制定后不应用等等问题。致使干部选拔、干部培养、干部评价等工作缺乏统领，往往都是高层领导直接拍，无法有效识别、培养能推动业务发展的干部，不能对干部进行合理分层分类。使干部管理工作缺乏方向，经常“调转船头”，整体投入大，产出小。<br\/><\/p>03 日常记录缺失<\/span><\/p>许多国企对于干部的日常记录资料是缺失的，导致要进行干部盘点时缺乏依据和参考，盘点工作成了走形式、走流程。到了企业快速发展，亟需干部引领的时候，不知道谁能用，出现“蜀中无大将，廖化作先锋”的窘境。<\/p> 在过往咨询中，常有企业跟我们说，现在的这批干部都是在企业快速发展期火线提拔起来的，学历、专业背景都不错，就是缺乏一些实际的管理经验，希望我们为他们设计快速的系统培养方案，在半年或一年中尽快打造出来，以满足企业的用人需求。<\/p>但这其实是错误的思路，短期能提升的只是知识和技能。干部能力的整体提升还是需要用梯队建设、体系打造去持续地筛选和培养，才能形成符合企业文化和业务特点，有明显企业特征烙印的干部队伍。日常的记录、定期的盘点就是重要的基础工作。<\/p>04  选拔流于形式<\/span><\/p>国企干部选拔大多采用组织任命的方式，公开竞聘、竞争上岗、民主推荐等方式使用较少或者只是走个形式。在建立了竞争上岗机制的国企中也存在选拔时按人设岗、职位晋升论资排辈的现象。缺乏程序支持以拓宽人才选择面，容易使管理走向官僚化，“唯上主义”替代了以客户为中心，制约企业发展。<\/p>05 能力有待提升<\/span><\/p>国企中重选拔任用，轻培养考核的现象十分普遍，干部的能力参差不齐，还有些国企的干部队伍青黄不接，出现人才断档。内部培训也因缺乏导向、与实际经营情况结合不够等问题，使干部参与、实践意愿不高，最终沦为“走形式”，培训结束就万事大吉，培训成果转化、培训效果反馈也不能及时跟进。<\/p>06 评价避重就轻<\/span><\/p>在对国企干部进行考核评价时，容易本着“你好我好大家好”的心态进行考核，对需要改进的方面避重就轻或避而不谈，考核过程的公平公正难以保证，以考核促进提升的设想难以实现。同时干部存在“能上不能下”的问题，缺少退出机制来保持整个干部队伍的活力。<\/p>07 采用平均激励<\/span><\/p>许多国企在分配激励资源时，过于强调内部平衡，真正干事的人收益与付出不对等，使激励变成了“高水平的大锅饭”。并且激励形式较为局限，激励效果不佳。最终产生了对人才的逆向选择，致使优秀人才流失。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523154157.jpg\" title=\"20230523154157.jpg\" alt=\"1.jpg\"\/><\/p>要解决以上问题，单靠一两个方法、工具，最多只能“治标”。要“治本”，就必须靠搭建体系来实现。基于多年的项目经验，海纳人才提炼出了国有企业干部管理 “815”全景构建模型。国有企业干部管理“815”全景构建模型以建设堪当民族复兴重任的高素质干部队伍为目标，具备流程化、体系化、机制化三大特点，帮助企业破解上述干部管理工作中的常见问题。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523161051.jpg\" title=\"20230523161051.jpg\" alt=\"2.jpg\"\/><\/p>模型中“8”、“1”、“5”分表代表着：<\/span><br\/><\/p>“8”大步骤建流程 – 企业干部管理的八大步骤<\/p>“1”套体系定乾坤 – 干部管理的一套体系<\/p>“5”项机制保落地 – 干部管理体系的五项配套机制<\/p>“8”大步骤建流程<\/span><\/p>国有企业干部管理的八大步骤描述了企业干部管理工作的完整流程，由“明确使命目标 – 建立干部标准 – 干部任命程序 – 干部能力发展 – 干部评价激励 – 干部梯队建设 – 干部监察监督 – 干部退出管理”组成。它形成了企业干部管理的闭环。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523465231.jpg\" title=\"20230523465231.jpg\" alt=\"3.jpg\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>“1”套体系定乾坤<\/span><\/p>要实现优秀干部“选得对、育成材、出价值、留得住”，就需要一套系统完整的体系来统筹支撑干部管理工作的循环。海纳人才干部管理体系由“干部标准 – 干部盘点 – 干部选拔 – 干部培养 – 干部评价 – 干部激励”六大模块组成。<\/p>各个模块聚焦于不同的专业工作，对由8大步骤产出的工具、成果进行持续运用和管理，检验干部“选、育、用、留”工作的有效性和准确性，并根据实际结果与反馈定期进行调整、迭代，使干部管理体系与企业发展阶段相适应。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523644130.jpg\" title=\"20230523644130.jpg\" alt=\"4.jpg\"\/><\/p>“5”项机制保落地<\/span><\/p>干部管理体系要能落地、出结果，配套机制的支持必不可少，主要包括“职业发展 – 内部激励 – 选拔培养 – 考核评价 – 监督退出”五大机制。它使干部管理体系的落地更加顺畅，减少人为主观评价对干部管理工作的影响，让依照科学标准选出的干部能登台一展身手。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523969540.jpg\" title=\"20230523969540.jpg\" alt=\"5.jpg\"\/><\/p>按照“815”全景构建模型，就可以将国企干部管理工作进行统合，使干部“选育用留”的各环节紧密串联，相互支撑。再通过PDCA循环管理，带动起组织干部生产的正向飞轮，源源不断地产出“政治素质过硬、业务能力够强”的干部！在多个企业的实践落地中显示，“815”全景构建模型可以帮助企业建成适合干部生长的土壤环境，有效赋能干部与企业发展。概括来讲，就是通过全面评价干部、识别高潜人才来为企业发现干部人选；通过培育专业能力、搭建合理梯队结构发展干部能力；通过提供职位平台，构建晋升通道来发挥干部价值。<\/p>","year":"2023","fid":"52","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"52\"]"},{"id":52,"title":"从六招入手，激活县域经济新动能","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1684836240,"onclick":0,"sort":4,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1684836575,"update_time":1684836737,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"在经济高质量发展的要求下，构建现代产业体系，实现新旧动能转换成为区域经济转型发展的关键。从我们经手的政府产业规划案例看，现阶段地方政府在发展区域产业经济的过程中通常存在传统模式积重难返，传统结构僵硬固化，传统路径过度依赖等共性问题。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20230523\/20230523181213_76869.png","content":"在经济高质量发展的要求下，构建现代产业体系，实现新旧动能转换成为区域经济转型发展的关键。从我们经手的政府产业规划案例看，现阶段地方政府在发展区域产业经济的过程中通常存在传统模式积重难返，传统结构僵硬固化，传统路径过度依赖等共性问题。<\/p>如何因地制宜变革区域产业发展模式，构建区域新产业发展之路已成为地方政府产业规划工作的重要课题。举例来看，广东是我国经济相对发达地区，我们经手了很多广东地区的产业规划案例，具有一定的参考价值。改革开放初期，“三来一补”贸易在广东经济的起步与跨越式发展上起到了重要的推动作用，成就了当年的“珠江模式”与广东“四小虎”。虽然“三来一补”模式曾经拉动经济高速增长，但同样为广东沉淀了众多低端产业。广州、深圳已经开始腾笼换鸟，将低端产业向外转移淘汰。然而不少广东三四线城市以及县域却面临着新兴产业不想来，低端产业不能走，产业变革少抓手的现状。当前，这些地区产业发展现状与国家经济发展要求之间的矛盾愈加凸显。<\/p>广东的情况不是个例，我国众多三四线城市以及县域均存在着产业发展矛盾，面临着产业发展困境。具体表现为低端产业根深蒂固、土地空间缺乏规划、属地企业小散弱低。<\/p>困境一：低端产业根深蒂固<\/strong><\/span><\/p>与广东地区类似，我国许多三四线城市以及县域地区受历史因素以及外向型经济的影响，在产业结构上呈现出低端产业为主，所涉行业广泛、想摆脱又离不开、想引新又招不来的特点。<\/p>困境二：土地空间缺乏规划<\/strong><\/span><\/p>由于在城镇化与工业化初期，以村为单位的土地发展缺乏前瞻性与整体性规划，导致了土地发展模式粗放，土地碎片化问题严重，历史土地问题积重难返导致新兴产业缺乏承载空间。部分财政富裕地区的土地倒挂也严重挤压了三四线以及县域地区的土地竞争力与产业吸引力。<\/p>困境三：属地企业小散弱低<\/strong><\/span><\/p>三四线城市以及县域地区产业带动力与产业吸引力均相对较弱，导致龙头企业少，企业以小规模企业为主。同时由于属地企业所处产业通常属于低端产业，导致属地企业竞争力弱，附加值低。属地企业整体呈现出小散弱低的特点。<\/p>困境四：产业缺乏龙头带动<\/strong><\/span><\/p>产业龙头企业是强链延链补链的核心，对打造地区产业生态、拉动地区产业发展具有重要影响。目前，诸多三四线城市以及县域地区缺乏具有带动效应的龙头企业，导致产业集聚发力，上下游协同发展较弱，产业转型升级缓慢。<\/p>困境五：产业发展路径传统<\/strong><\/span><\/p>受历史因素与发展惯性影响，目前大多数三四线城市以及县域地区仍行进在传统产业发展路径上。传统产业发展路径相对粗放，低成本劳动力依赖较强，产业附加值偏低。很多地区已经意识到问题并想要转变路径，但是却被“发展路径改不动，传统产业还得要”的问题持续困扰。<\/p>困境六：盲目追求高大上<\/strong><\/span><\/p>许多三四线城市与县域地区未经系统调研论证便盲目提出要发展半导体、集成电路等“高大上”产业。然而大部分三四线城市与县域地区发展资源不充足，政策优惠不到位，招商引资不专业，产业链资金链人才链不健全，导致产业规划长时间停留在口号层面，难以落地。<\/p>基于产业规划的案例经验与产业发展的研究洞察，我们梳理总结了区域产业进阶路径与六大产业发展模式，并提出了一些参考建议，希望能够为面临相同困境地区的产业发展规划提供借鉴思路。我们认为，中国区域经济发展已经呈现出“都市圈—城市群—世界级城市集群”的进阶式发展路径。都市圈以核心城市产业链承载赋能为主导、带动圈内城市产业优化升级。都市圈的特点是以单\/多大城市为中心、中小城市环绕中心城市分布、核心城市产业主导性强。城市群的特点是由多个都市圈组成、特大城市拉动、产业实现结构性布局。世界级城市集群在城市群完成产业共聚并合理布局后，开始通过产业分工与产业协同的方式提升产业发展的效率。<\/p>其次，在上述进阶发展路径之下，我们梳理总结了以招引、配套、承接、自培、重塑、精耕为代表的六大产业发展模式。<\/p>招引模式的内涵是依托域内良好的产业生态基础向外招引区域定位的相关产业，实现路径是资本主导+产投模式；配套模式的内涵是从产业配套维度出发借力周边强市做大自身产业，实现路径是配套协同+周边强市；承接模式的内涵是利用比较优势承接 “产业强市” 转移拉动自身发展，实现路径是自身优势+选择承接；自培模式的内涵是持续投入资源做大做强域内原生优势产业，实现路径是资本引导+政府扶持；重塑模式的内涵是引导域内传统产业系统性完成优化升级与重塑，实现路径是产业升级+集聚赋能；精耕模式的内涵是以前瞻性思维在特色产业细分领域精耕细作，实现路径是聚焦细分+差异竞争。<\/p>综上，区域产业发展路径是明确的，产业发展模式是多样的，遇到发展瓶颈的地方政府需要准确融入区域产业发展大环境，结合自身实际因地制宜组合产业发展模式，规划产业发展方向，制定落地举措。我们结合案例经验，具体给出如下建议参考。<\/p>建议一：注重新兴产业<\/strong><\/span><\/p>新兴产业对经济社会发展具有引领带动作用。新兴产业能够为地方经济发展注入活力、提供动力，能够提升地方产业附加值。新兴产业有利于加快变革经济发展方式，有利于优化提升产业发展层次，有利于带动地方经济高质量发展。需要特别指出的是，注重新兴产业一定不能在初始阶段全面铺开布局，要结合实际情况选择最能落地的新兴产业并找好产业切入点，由小及大。<\/p>建议二：注重融合发展<\/strong><\/span><\/p>分工促进效率，产业发展亦是如此。在区域产业大环境下找准自身产业发展角色定位，与周边强市或地区融合协同分工是区域产业发展优化升级、突破瓶颈的必由之路。建议遇到发展瓶颈的区域积极开展对外合作与交流，在区域间形成联动，制定共同的产业发展方向与发展目标，在产业交流、产业研究、企业服务、资源共享等方面实现一体化发展，各自依据自身比较优势做好产业分工，多维度打造产业发展共同体。<\/p>建议三：注重专业团队<\/strong><\/span><br\/><\/p>让专业的人和团队做专业的事。当前，政府在发展产业的过程中面临的挑战越来越多，难度越来越大。引进专业产业发展人才、组建专业产业发展团队能够为产业发展提供专业能力与智力支撑，从产业战略、产业政策等维度以及发展关键、发展方向等维度为政府提供决策参考，支持政府在产业发展方向以及产业发展政策等领域实现专业化。<\/p>建议四：注重国资引领<\/strong><\/span><br\/><\/p>充分发挥国有资本在资源配置与产业引导上的作用与价值。国有资本以国资平台为依托，驱动产业发展，助推产业优化升级。在产业发展的过程中要支持国资平台做强做优，持续发挥国有资本的引领作用。做好对现有国资平台的定位工作，确保国资平台能够实现发展方向清晰，职能分工明确，统筹协调高效，产业支撑有力。同时积极探索国资的产业运作模式，实现国资的增值保值。<\/p>建议五：注重研究工作<\/strong><\/span><br\/><\/p>开展研究工作是实现产业专业化发展重要途径。研究工作需要将重点放在区位研究与产业研究上。通过开展区位研究持续关注并挖掘周边区域协同发展机遇与自身区位比较优势，以区域融合的方式而不是割裂的方式发展自身产业。通过开展产业研究持续把握自身核心产业的整体环境、核心技术与发展趋势，为产业相关决策与政策提供支撑与支持。<\/span><\/p>建议六：注重招商创新<\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/p>大部分地方政府依赖土地、财政、政策、补贴等进行传统式招商，导致同质化竞争严重。各地可以转变招商模式、开展招商创新工作。例如在发达城市与地区以产业园、孵化基地等方式投资建设“飞地”，借助当地产业发展红利实现收益，并以“飞地”为抓手向本地导入资金、资源、产业，反哺本地的经济。<\/p>","year":"2023","fid":"52","rid":3,"type":1,"fid_json":"[\"149\"]"},{"id":55,"title":"十五五规划不可忽略的5大宏观大势","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1721303880,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1721304263,"update_time":1721304263,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"处于时代洪流中，对宏观大势的准确把握从而实现前瞻布局，是广大企业乃至国家高质量发展的关键。基于此，我们通过系统分析“十四五”时期数据及关键要素、梳理国家发改委规划司前瞻性研究主题，并借鉴日本、欧美等发达国家历史时期做法等，透视“十五五”时期可能对我国经济社会发展产生重大影响的宏观主题；通过对这些主题的聚焦与深度研究，探查宏观大势，为广大企业把握时代脉搏从而实现前瞻布局提供有效参考。","tu":"","content":"引言<\/strong><\/p>“十五五”作为实现2035远景目标承上启下的五年，在我国全面建设社会主义现代化国家、推进中国式现代化过程中具有重要的历史意义，在下一个五年规划启动之际，有必要对一些关键问题进行深入探讨，凝聚企业共识，服务国家大局。为此，我们整理了系列问题，既包括“十四五”宏观趋势分析回顾及评估《回首十四五，展望十五五——感受经济运行的脉搏和规律》、“十五五”时期宏观环境变化、产业趋势等宏大命题，也有行业发展、“十五五”战略规划与实施等企业关切的具体问题。和君恒成将通过系列文章形式，对上述主题进行深度分析，希望对读者有所帮助。<\/p>  处于时代洪流中，对宏观大势的准确把握从而实现前瞻布局，是广大企业乃至国家高质量发展的关键。基于此，我们通过系统分析“十四五”时期数据及关键要素、梳理国家发改委规划司前瞻性研究主题，并借鉴日本、欧美等发达国家历史时期做法等，透视“十五五”时期可能对我国经济社会发展产生重大影响的宏观主题；通过对这些主题的聚焦与深度研究，探查宏观大势，为广大企业把握时代脉搏从而实现前瞻布局提供有效参考。<\/p>一、国家发改委研究课题聚焦重大战略问题<\/strong><\/p>  2024年1月5日国家发改委规划司发布《2024年第一批研究课题征集公告》，针对中长期发展的重大战略问题开展前瞻性研究。本次研究课题主要聚焦“十五五”相关的宏观问题，涉及世界经济形势、全球经贸规则、地缘政治格局、全球产业链供链变化、全球科技革命、人口发展趋势、中央与地方财政关系等重大宏观问题及趋势。  2024年3月18日国家发改委规划司发布《2024年第二批研究课题征集公告》，研究课题主要聚焦社会保障、人民币国际化、防范化解系统性金融风险等重大议题。<\/p>  通过国家发改委前瞻性研究主题，我们总结了下一阶段可能对我国经济社会发展产生重大影响的宏观主题；通过对这些主题的聚焦与深度研究，探查宏观大势。另外，人口发展趋势、全球科技革命等重要主题将在后续文章中做专门研究，敬请读者期待。<\/p>二、宏观大势一：全球经济周期正处于新周期前夕<\/strong><\/p>1926年苏联经济学家尼古拉·康德拉季耶夫发现大约每隔50至60年，宏观经济就会出现一次长周期的波动，后将其称为康波周期；康波周期的全历程包括四个阶段，前20年左右通常会出现经济增长的繁荣期，紧接着是5到10年的经济衰退期，然后是10到15年的经济萧条期，最后进入大约10到15年的经济复苏回升期。康波周期通常与技术革命密切相关，新技术的发展是推动康波周期的关键动力，因此康波周期常被视为“科技投资周期”。当前全球经济处于第五次康波周期的萧条期尾声阶段和复苏期前夕，若人工智能可以引发新一轮技术革命，全球经济将进入复苏阶段，下一轮的康波周期将会随之开启。<\/p>三、宏观大势二：全球经济重心东移<\/strong><\/p>  受美国霸权主义影响，以美国为代表的消费国长期占据产业价值链的高端，利用自身在高科技领域的技术优势和在国际组织中的话语权，长期对生产国（以中国和部分发展中国家为代表）和资源国（以俄罗斯和部分中东国家为代表）进行“割韭菜”。但随着亚洲国家经济发展水平、制造能力、高新技术研发能力、国际话语权的快速提升，世界经济重心东移的大趋势愈发明显，国际政治经济秩序面临深刻调整。<\/p>  美国经济增速放缓，主要债权国减持美国国债，预示着美国作为全球经济权力重心的地位在下降。其一，近年美国经济波动较大，经济增速放缓；美国历年实际GDP增长率，验证了这一结论；此前，东亚银行BEA及德银全球首席投资官甚至预测，2024年美国GDP增长率仅为0.8%-1.6%。其二，美元全球储备货币地位发生动摇，美元对于美国霸权地位的支撑减弱。2021年开始，中国、俄罗斯、英国、日本、印度等众多国家均开始“去美元化”，增加用人民币、欧元等交易方式。其三，日本、英国等美国主要债权国多次减持美国国债。2022年全年，日本减持美国国债比例超17%，减持金额达2245亿美元；2023年5月日本减持304亿美元，成为其7个月来最大减持规模。2023年英国分别在2月、4月、5月、7月、9月减持美债，其中单月减持金额最高超300亿美元，这在一定程度上预示着美国对于全球经济的控制力在减弱。<\/p>与此同时，中国、印度等新兴经济体崛起，正在逐渐改变全球经济力量对比。改革开放以来，我国经济实力实现历史性跃升，2021年中国人均GDP超1.2万美元，首次超过世界人均GDP水平；我国GDP总量已稳居世界第二大经济体，据世界银行预测，到2036年中国将成为世界第一大经济体，GDP总量排名世界第一。<\/p>  同时，我国对世界经济增长将做出更多重要贡献，据彭博社预测，未来5年中国将是全球经济增长的最大贡献者，贡献率将超过七国集团（G7）所有国家总和，几乎是美国的两倍；2024年至2029年，在全球新增经济活动中，中国占比将达21%左右，G7占比20%，而美国占比不到12%。此外，印度以其庞大的人口数量和国内消费的活跃度为推动力，在金融、房地产、服务业、制造业和建筑业均有良好表现，近年来一直保持着较高的GDP增速。据国际货币基金组织（以下简称IMF）预测，2028年印度将超过日本和德国，成为全球第三大经济体。<\/p>  2020年东盟10国和中国、日本、韩国、澳大利亚、新西兰共15个亚太国家正式签署区域全面经济伙伴关系协定（RCEP），并于2022年正式启动，加速了国际经济发展重心由美国向以中国为中心的亚洲地区转移的进程。联合国贸易和发展会议（UNCTAD）的研究显示，北美自贸区GDP全球占比为28%，欧盟全球占比为17.9%，而RCEP自贸区全球占比为30.5%，是全球人口最多、经贸规模最大、最具发展潜力的自由贸易体，并有可能在未来形成经济高度一体化的区域经济组织，实现区域内人流、物流、资金流等生产要素的自由流动。RCEP自贸区的形成表明国际经济发展的重心正在由美国向亚洲地区转移，而中国作为RCEP成员国中最大的经济体，必然扮演极为重要的角色。<\/p>四、宏观大势三：全球主要经济体贸易摩擦加剧<\/strong><\/p>  随着全球经济重心向以中国为主的东方转移，美国对于中国的全面追赶日益恐慌；在此背景下，世界各国在不得已之下基于经济安全和国家安全“被迫”站队；尤其是新冠疫情和俄乌冲突以来，全球经贸遭遇冷战后从未有过的冲击。<\/p>  全球主要经济体贸易摩擦加剧。IMF数据显示，全球两个最大经济体之间的全球贸易限制措施正在增加，2023年各国共宣布采取约3000项贸易限制措施，近2019年的3倍。IMF第一副总裁戈皮纳特表示，中美两国各自形成了经贸圈，两个经贸圈之间的贸易下降，内部贸易则在上升。根据中国国际贸易促进委员会公布的数据，2023年美国、欧盟、印度、俄罗斯、阿根廷、英国、韩国、墨西哥、日本等半数及以上月份全球经贸摩擦指数[1]均处于高位，表明大国经贸摩擦和冲突仍在持续。从行业指数看，电子、运输设备、化工、轻工和机械设备等行业是经贸摩擦主要冲突点。<\/p>  中国涉外贸易摩擦整体处于较高烈度，且仍以少数经济体为主。涉华经贸摩擦指数远高于全球指数（图2），反映出中国涉外贸易摩擦整体处于较高烈度。例如反倾销调查与裁决方面，根据商务部公布数据，海外经济体涉华反倾销调查共计224次，其中美国37次、印度35次、欧盟21次、土耳其19次，排名前十位的经济体合计提出反倾销调查174次，约占反倾销调查总数的77.7%。同期，上述十个经济体共计形成反倾销裁决164次，约占全部反倾销裁决总数的81.6%，表明对华反倾销调查与裁决均集中在少数经济体。尽管如此，涉华经贸摩擦主体范围仍然存在扩大趋势，2024年日本和乌克兰作为新增经济体，也开始对华提出反倾销调查；未来范围名单具有不确定性，但演进逻辑基本都可以在美方阵营中找到答案。<\/p>五、宏观大势四：全球产业链供应链体系持续重构<\/strong><\/p>  产业链供应链全球化的大踏步发展，为美国创造了巨大财富，同时壮实了中国制造业的筋骨。持续升级之下，中国部分制造业在全球竞争中已由相对优势转向绝对优势地位，开始瓜分以美国为首的先发国家在全球产业链供应链中的蛋糕，引发双方间的利益矛盾；显然美欧国家不可能对蛋糕分配规则的不利变化坐视不管，全球产业链供应链重构成为必然。同时，新技术、新产业的发展，使得各国资源禀赋比较优势出现变化，对跨国公司供应链投资决策和生产布局产生显著影响，也为全球产业链供应链重构提供了可能性。<\/p>  新冠疫情、俄乌冲突、能源危机、地缘政治危机等使得供应链遭受供应中断、技术封锁、贸易壁垒等重重挑战，又将供应链安全性问题推至台前。随着地缘政治因素被不断放大，供应链安全和可持续性的优先级被大幅提高，成为置于资本、效率、快速响应能力、成本之前的关键考量因素。自1995年世界贸易组织创立以来，与“国家安全”有关的“安全问题”从未像现在这样直接制约国际贸易、资本流动和产业布局，并空前影响全球贸易格局的演进[3]。强调安全性也即成为本轮全球产业链供应链重构的一大特征，且只要地缘经济秩序重构和地缘政治博弈继续存在，这一特征就将长期不变。<\/p>  中国科协智能制造学会联合体副所长、工信部智库专家林雪萍在《供应链攻防战》一书中提出，供应链是一种隐形国力，它关乎企业生存，关乎国力较量，也关乎民生。“供应链已然超越以往，成为企业与国家的角力场”。基于此，作为关键利益攸关方，国家力量深度介入，政府部门积极出台产业政策直接参与其中，企业则积极应变。双方力量共同作用下，全球产业供应链重组趋势呈现出多元化、区域化、数字化特点。多元化方面，各国积极推动国内产业链和供应链的多元化布局，对抗单一地区\/国家“黑天鹅”事件及地缘政治风险对整个供应链的影响；同时，企业寻求建立更广泛和分散的战略或产能布局，降低对特定地区\/国家的依赖。区域化合作方面，逆全球化思潮和多国间贸易协议的推动促使产业链韧性向更区域化迅速演变；各国逐渐将产业链的关键环节重新本地化，或者采取“友岸外包”的方式分散风险；新区域经济合作协定的签署与实施推动了产业链的区域合作，为企业提供广泛市场准入和降低贸易壁垒。数字化方面，新一轮以数字技术为主导的科技革命授予了全球产业链重新构建的能力，数字经济和技术领域的大国竞争成为全球产业链、供应链重构的关键变量。<\/p>六、宏观大势五：中国经济正处于新旧动能转换的关键时期<\/strong><\/p>  新旧动能转换依然是最大的宏观背景。中国经济发展的“旧动能”正在消失已成为不争的事实，2000年-2008年我国GDP增速由10.5%回落至2009年-2019年的7.8%，2020年-2023年进一步回落至4.8%；经济增速放缓的原因在于，此前支撑经济高速增长的积极因素作用逐渐减弱，甚至已转化为我国经济高质量发展中的短板问题，例如人口红利、房地产野蛮生长、地方政府举债投资等；同时，地产周期强大的下行压力，导致无论是库存周期还是朱格拉周期触底回升的动能都很有限。因此我国经济发展的旧动力亟待逐步出清和转型，新动能亟待培育并不断积蓄，经济发展要从传统要素投入驱动转变为创新驱动，产业结构从资本密集型向技术密集型升级。<\/p>  产业结构优化升级、新旧动能接续转换，关键在于优化与转换，难点在于升级与接续。其一，传统经济强调优化与升级。当前产业转型升级过程中，新经济体量明显小于传统经济体量；根据海通证券测算数据，新质生产力为代表的“新经济”已实现快速发展，战略性新兴产业占GDP比重从2014年的7.6%上升至2022年的13%，但在整体经济中占比仍然较低（图4）；与之形成对比的是，21年以来以地产为代表的“传统经济”持续下行，但23年地产及相关产业在GDP中占比仍达到25.9%（图5）。新老经济体量差异之下，新经济领域增长难以完全抵消传统经济衰落的负面影响，我国经济痛苦转型，传统经济的优化升级成为出路之一。同时，“传统经济”的巨大体量规模使其不可被忽略，稳住旧动能，以科技创新要素赋能和优化传统经济升级成为必然。其二，新经济强调转换与接续。科技创新作为新旧动能转换的主战场，其培育过程具有长期性、产出与投入间的关系具有不确定性，这些特征对于新旧动能转换的接续性提出挑战，甚至可能长期处于转换痛苦期。新旧动能转换是当前和未来一段时间宏观经济和市场运行的核心任务和重要特征。<\/p>七、总结与展望<\/strong><\/p>整体来看，全球经济处于第五次康波周期的萧条期尾声阶段和复苏期前夕，若人工智能等新科技可以引发新一轮技术革命，下一轮的康波周期将会随之开启。从世界经济格局方面，全球经济重心向东方转移已成确定趋势，但这一趋势带来的问题同样棘手，美国因霸主地位动摇而引发全球贸易摩擦加剧，进一步加剧经济的不稳定性；同时全球产业链、供应链重塑，供应链安全和可持续性的优先级被大幅提高，成为置于资本、效率、快速响应能力、成本之前的关键考量因素。目光回到中国，当前中国经济必须寻找更强的上行动能，新旧动能转换是我们理解当前和未来一段时间的宏观经济和市场运行的出发点。<\/p><br\/><\/p>参考文献:<\/strong><\/p>1.全球经贸摩擦指数是月度指数，以2017年的月平均情况为基期（即2017年月平均=100），反映当月全球经贸摩擦相对于基期的变化情况。一段时间内指数上升，表明全球经贸摩擦形势趋于紧张；反之则表明全球经贸摩擦形势缓和。当指数大于100时，表示处于高位<\/p>2.数据来源：商务部网站，中泰证券研究所<\/p>3.张丽娟.全球产供链重构的背景、特点及发展趋势[J].当代世界,2023,(12):18-23.<\/p>","year":"2024","fid":"160","rid":5,"type":1,"fid_json":"[\"36\",\"50\",\"160\"]"},{"id":54,"title":"回首十四五，展望十五五——感受经济运行的脉搏和规律","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1721300640,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1721303295,"update_time":1721303295,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"在十五五规划启动之际，本文再次对十四五宏观分析的逻辑和结论进行复盘，和各位企业家朋友近距离感受经济运行的脉搏和规律，为十五五规划的高质量开展，做一点有益的参考。","tu":"\/uploadfile\/2024\/0718\/20240718969729.jpg","content":"<section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">前言<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">2019年，和君恒成组织研究团队对十四五期间的宏观趋势进行了思考和研究《布局十四五，规划谋新篇——十四五规划的底层逻辑及宏观大势分析》，提出了我们的独立判断。回顾过去的五年，中国经济遭受了前所未有的考验，贸易战、科技脱钩、疫情冲击、金融战、房地产行业去杠杆、地方城投平台债务高企、经济下行压力大等各种挑战……和君恒成研究团队基于对经济发展底层逻辑的清醒认知，预判了大部分的负面冲击，总体来看我们对于经济大势的预判大致是正确的。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">当然，我们对个别问题的严重程度估计不足，做出了较为乐观的判断，比如对经济下行压力估计不足，提出了消费升级的预判；对国家出台教育双减政策的决心估计不足，提出了看好智慧教育的产业发展建议。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">作为一个观察者、思考者、实践者，我们一定要在纷繁复杂的信息中，理性分析影响经济运行的主要矛盾，既要积极把握经济发展的机会点，也要尽力防范制约经济发展的灰犀牛！如此，才能有备无患，稳健前行！<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">在十五五规划启动之际，本文再次对十四五宏观分析的逻辑和结论进行复盘，和各位企业家朋友近距离感受经济运行的脉搏和规律，为十五五规划的高质量开展，做一点有益的参考。<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">一、十四五宏观分析的逻辑框架<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">1.改革开放四十年中国经济高速发展的经验总结<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">改革开放四十年来，中国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就。要看懂中国经济增长的底层逻辑，一定要从全球视野和长周期视角进行观察，从中发现推动中国崛起的关键因素。我们认为，以下五大因素是支撑中国快速崛起的关键因素：<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">第一个因素是十一届三中全会后的农村改革，解决了农民的温饱问题，释放了人口红利。<\/strong>作为10多亿人口的大国，粮食安全始终是中国的头等大事。只有农民的温饱问题和粮食安全问题得以解决，国内市场有了充足供应的粮食和农副产品后，才会开启城镇化的进程，才会有大量的农民工进城务工，中国的人口红利才得以有效释放，轻工业的发展和城镇化率的提高才有可能实现。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">第二个因素是我国实行改革开放政策，融入了全球产业分工体系，赶上了世界经济发展的复苏和繁荣期，享受了全球化的红利。<\/strong>在这个大背景下，有四个难得的有利条件，也是我们取得巨大成功的重要因素：<\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left;\">从1982年开始，全球经济进入工业革命以来第四轮康波周期的回升期。全球经济在计算机和信息技术的驱动下，进入上升通道，呈现了复苏和繁荣的景象。<img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2024\/0718\/20240718969729.jpg\" title=\"20240718969729.jpg\" alt=\"1.webp.jpg\"\/><\/p><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.2em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">在全球经济回暖的大背景下，美国及西方发达国家的经济增长加速，刺激了消费需求。1982-1990年期间，美国实际GDP年化增速为4.0%，1990-2000年期间美国经济继续保持增长，实际GDP年化增速为3.4%。消费需求的快速增长带动了全球贸易的增长，我国出口贸易也得益于美国等西方发达国家消费需求的增加而快速发展。<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">在全球产业分工中，美国、欧洲是产业链的高端，掌握着资金、技术、品牌以及市场；巴西、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、南非等国是产业链的上游，承担资源输出的角色。中国拥有庞大的劳动力人口、低廉的人工成本、完整的产业链，在中低端制造领域非常明显的比较优势，因此中国成为全球制造工厂，搭上了全球化的高速列车。<\/p><\/li><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">中国一贯奉行韬光养晦的外交政策，为和平发展，创造了非常有利的外部条件。<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">第三个因素是中国庞大的人口基数，既为经济发展提供了充足的劳动力，又为拉动内需创造了巨大的消费需求。<\/strong>上世纪80年代，中国经济起飞主要依靠承接“亚洲四小龙”的劳动力密集型产业转移。在这轮产业转移进程中，我国正是凭借丰富的劳动力资源和其他要素成本的比较优势，发展劳动密集型制造业。亿万劳动者通过“看中学”与“干中学”，不断提升劳动生产率水平，从非技术工人发展为技术工人，为中国经济起飞与高速增长作出了巨大贡献。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">同时，随着中国经济的快速增长，中国人均GDP也在大幅提升，从1980年的194美元，增加到2018年的9770美元，庞大的人口基数和强劲的消费能力，创造了全球最大单一市场，中国的家电、房地产、汽车、智能手机等市场先后成为全球最大的消费市场。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">第四个因素是中国有效地发挥了后发优势，在生产力水平较低、技术落后的情况下，很好地吸收引进西方先进技术，取得了快速发展。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">后发优势可以总结为“借鉴——模仿——吸收——超越”模式所带来的成本节约与发展助力，中国的特定国情在根本上决定了中国经济具备明显的后发优势。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">第五个因素是中国不断探索政府与市场的关系，逐渐摸索出一条有中国特色的社会主义道路，建立了制度优势。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">在市场化改革方面，首先是允许民营企业合法化；1992 年以后，解决了“姓社姓资”的思想束缚，释放了民营经济活力；1993年11月，党的十四届三中全会召开，确立了社会主义市场经济体制的基本框架，市场经济蓬勃发展；十八大以后，更是提出让市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用，进一步激发了市场活力。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">中国的举国体制在重大工程、航天军工、量子计算等领域展现了独特的制度优势，集中力量办大事是我国的一项重大制度优势。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">2.十四五期间发展条件的重大变化<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">基于对中国经济发展底层逻辑的理解，在十四五期间，支持中国经济高速发展的一些内外部条件很可能会发生重大变化，对于这些变化和君恒成有如下的观察和思考：<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">观察一：十四五期间，中国发展的外部环境中不利因素增多，发展的难度和面临的挑战越来越大。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">按照康波周期理论的划分标准，第五轮经济周期的驱动因素是信息技术，从1991年开始算起，到2007年为繁荣期的结束和衰退期的开始；从2007年开始进入衰退期，2017年起，世界进入了萧条期，萧条期通常有10-15年，所以2020-2025期间全球将处于康波周期的萧条期。单边主义、贸易保护主义、反全球化，都是全球经济下行期的常见现象，这将进一步阻碍全球经济的复苏。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">中国与美国的关系从竞合逐步走向竞争，美国国内越来越倾向于将中国定位为战略竞争对手，美国将不惜一切代价，动用一切力量，遏制中国崛起。2018年开始的美中贸易摩擦只是表象、是开始，美中贸易摩擦将逐步向投资限制、技术封锁和人才交流中断等全面升级。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">观察二：过去的增长方式越来越不可持续。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">过去十五年中国经济的快速增长，离不开宽松货币政策与积极财政政策的支持，投资拉动是驱动经济增长的主要动力。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">从2008年到2018年的10年间，中国国内生产总值从2008年的319,245亿元，增长到2018年的900,309亿元，十年间，我国GDP总量增长2.82倍，年平均增速8.12%；同期广义货币供应量（M2）增长了3.78倍，年平均增速14.47%。宽松的货币政策推升资产价格上涨，特别是容易引发房地产泡沫，对经济持续、健康发展造成重大威胁。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">积极的财政政策有效应对了08年全球金融危机，带动了地方经济快速增长和房地产行业的繁荣，同时也造成了政府、企业债务过高、产能过剩、投资效率下降、经济结构恶化的不良后果。地方政府和企业负债率过高、系统性金融风险加大，依赖投资拉动增长的发展模式弊端越来越大。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">观察三：中国人口基数大、中等收入人口快速上升，消费市场潜力巨大；人口结构趋于老龄化，消费结构将发生较大变化。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">从基本国情来看，我国人口基数大，中等收入人口快速上升，消费和服务市场潜力巨大。从人口结构角度来讲，中国正面临着总量与结构的双重挑战：劳动年龄人口总量已经跨过顶点，2013年中国劳动力人口见顶，人口抚养比近年来正在快速增加。结构上趋于老龄化，同时步入后刘易斯拐点时代。我国未来面临的人口压力与20年前的日本惊人的相似，从这个视角来看经济发展，过去20多年的利好因素，可能变为不利因素。人口老龄化将成为未来十年经济发展不可忽视的问题之一。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2024\/0718\/20240718966508.jpg\" title=\"20240718966508.jpg\" alt=\"2.webp (1).jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">观察四：中国在基础科研和关键技术上与发达国家相比有相当大的差距，科技和创新能力不足成为制约经济进一步高质量发展的主要瓶颈。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">我国在充分利用后发优势的同时，也要警惕“后发劣势”对经济发展的制约作用。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">由于中国在一些重要领域与关键技术上缺乏长期性基础性投入，与一些发达国家存在较为明显的差距，其中比较明显的便是光刻机、芯片、操作系统、飞机发动机等35项核心技术。核心技术不仅难以直接引进，缺乏核心技术的企业，严重受制于上游技术供应方，企业的发展和生存随时都会受到上游的威胁。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">观察五：政府推动经济增长的发力点将发生明显变化。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">从过去10年的发展经验看，政府投资在稳增长、保就业、促民生方面发挥了决定性的作用。随着传统基建项目累计投资额不断加大，投资对于经济的拉动作用越来越弱，同时制造了大量的过剩产能。如何有效发挥中央政府和地方政府对于经济的投资拉动作用，我们认为政府推动经济的发力点会有两个重要的变化：一是加大新基建的投资力度，二是加大创新企业股权的投资力度。<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">二、<\/strong>和君恒成十四五宏观研究主要观点回顾<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">总体趋势的判断：在产业结构升级驱动力方面，将以科技创新引领为主；在增长动力上，将从投资驱动转向消费驱动；在居民消费特征方面，基本生存消费降低，享受和发展的消费比例增大，消费升级趋势明显；在人口结构方面，少子老龄化成为未来中国人口的重要特征。<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">十四五期间产业机会分析：和君恒成研究团队采用产业共振法，对十四五期间最热的三个主赛道（科技创新、消费升级和人口老龄化<\/strong>）进行了分析预判，并从这三大趋势的交集中，预判未来的强势产业。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2024\/0718\/20240718199026.jpg\" title=\"20240718199026.jpg\" alt=\"3.webp.jpg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">1）在科技创新方面主要关注以下产业机遇<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">经济增长引擎：以新一代信息技术和数据经济为核心的高技术创新<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">5G系统<\/strong>最革命性的意义在于与工业设施、医疗仪器、交通工具等的融合，满足工业、医疗、交通等垂直行业的多样化业务需求，包括系统集成与行业解决方案、大数据应用、物联网平台解决方案、增值业务和行业应用等，最终实现万物互联。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">人工智能、大数据、物联网方向。<\/strong>在5G技术的支持下，未来将进入以万物互联为支撑的物联网时代；人工智能和大数据是管理互联网、提高连接效率的必要手段。人工智能、大数据、物联网的发展，将极大地提高新一代信息技术的应用领域和应用深度，极大地改变产业的组织形式并深刻改变人民的生活方式。<\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">技术突破的基石：新型材料<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">新型材料产业是支撑关键技术突破的重要制约因素之一，没有新材料的支撑，会严重制约新技术的转化。我们建议关注特种金属功能材料、高性能结构材料、功能性高分子材料、特种无机非金属材料和先进复合材料等行业。<\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">大健康产业的保障：生物产业<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">生物医学、基因工程、创新药领域是大健康产业的技术支撑行业，只有大力发展生物产业，才能满足大健康、大环保、生物农业等多个产业的发展需求。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"> 2）在消费升级方面主要关注以下产业机遇<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">新能源汽车产业<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">新能源汽车是重要战略性产业，也是消费升级的重要领域。<\/strong>“电动化、智能化、共享化”在新一轮科技革命背景下孕育新生，推动汽车产业的能源动力、生产运行、销售使用的全面变革，以前所未有的速度、深度、广度改变着汽车产业。<\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">教育培训行业<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">多层次教育需求逐步释放，教育消费意识形成。<\/strong>自2011年开始，我国开始实施“双独二孩”政策，2013年进一步放开为“单独二孩”政策，2015年开始实施全面二孩政策。伴随着二孩政策的逐步放开，一孩生育率虽明显下滑，但二孩生育率、三孩及以上生育率都呈现上升趋势，“4+2+1”的家庭结构逐步向“4+2+2”转变，教育需求与日俱增。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">同时，较前代父母而言，90后新生代父母受教育程度普遍较高，所处经济环境更好，更加注重子女的教育，有意愿、有能力进行早期教育消费，由此形成了学前教育、在校教育、校外教育多层次教育培训市场。<\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">服务消费<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">服务消费将是线上市场消费升级的主要方向，旅游、金融服务、文化创意、医疗及大健康、养老服务等。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">3）在人口老龄化方面，主要关注以下产业<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">人口老龄化加剧是医疗服务快速发展的催化剂，创新药、特效药将迎来最好的发展时期；健康管理、陪护、养老等服务业也将随着人口老龄化的发展而迅速壮大。同时，伴随着人们自身的保健意识逐渐增强，体能补充、抗衰老等保健品行业将快速发展，<\/strong>医疗保健服务等需求逐渐扩大。此外，围绕人口老龄化需求，健康保险、养老保险行业将迎来黄金发展阶段。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">4）产业机会总结<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">强势产业：智慧医疗、智慧教育；<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">优势产业：新能源汽车、自动驾驶、VR\/AR、数字创意、医疗大数据、移动医疗、生物制药、健康管理、健康体检、健康护理。<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">三、十四五宏观分析的差异点对比<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">回顾五年前和君恒成团队做的分析研判，在很多方面我们做出了准确的预判，也有个别领域出现了不小的偏差：<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">1）宏观方面<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">预判相对准确的有：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">a)十四五期间经济处于长周期的萧条期，经济下行压力进一步加大；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">b)美国对中国的贸易战只是表象，科技脱钩、金融战接踵而至；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">c)政府、企业、居民三大部门债务率偏高，去杠杆的大背景下，依靠投资拉动经济增长的做法难以为继。<\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">预判不够准确的有<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">a)预测消费升级的判断与实际的经济现象明显不符。受以往经济增长惯性的影响，对萧条期经济下行压力的影响程度预判不足；在康波周期的萧条期里，经济下行压力逐步加大，政府、企业和个人都面临较大的债务压力，抑制了投资和消费；企业利润下降，员工收入下降、失业率增加，居民消费更加谨慎，过紧日子才是萧条期的正常经济现象，消费升级的预判不够准确。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">2）中观方面<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">预判相对准确的有：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">a)5G技术：<\/strong>中国在5G网络的研发和部署方面取得了领先地位，华为和中兴等公司在全球范围内占据重要市场份额；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">b)新能源汽车：<\/strong>中国在新能源汽车和可再生能源技术方面取得了显著进展，比亚迪、宁德时代等企业在电动汽车和储能电池领域已经成为全球领先者；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">c)自动驾驶：<\/strong>中国在人工智能领域快速发展，涌现了许多领先的AI企业和应用，例如华为、百度在自动驾驶领域取得长足进展。<\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">预判不够准确的有：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">a)物联网、VR\/AR、数字创意方向<\/strong>的发展比预想的进度要慢一些，并且也未成为带动经济增长的重要引擎；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">b)旅游行业的发展先抑后扬。<\/strong>受疫情影响，旅游产业遭遇黑天鹅事件，整个行业遭受重创，随着国内疫情形势的好转，疫情结束后，国内旅游市场迎来报复式反弹。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">3）微观方面<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">预判相对准确的有：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">a)生物制药、健康管理、健康体检<\/strong>领域爆发式增长。受疫情影响，国内疫苗研发、健康体检、健康管理行业获得爆发式增长。例如在新冠疫苗研发方面，中国的科兴生物和国药集团等企业快速研发并大规模生产了多种疫苗，表明中国在生物制药和健康管理方面的供给能力显著增强。<\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">预判不够准确的有：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">a)教育产业的发展受到国家政策调控，K12教育行业受到重创！其背后的原因主要是低估了政府对于经济的干预能力。由于教育行业过度资本化，加剧了子女养育成本、加重了青少年学业负担，导致全社会焦虑，生育意愿降低，与应对人口结构老龄化的基本政策相违背，国家出手干预是情理之中的，也是非常必要的。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">小结<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">综上，我们简单回顾了十四五规划前期研究的一些观察和思考，十五五规划即将开启，按照康波周期理论，十五五期间将是萧条期向复苏期过渡的重要阶段，宏观经济有哪些重要的发展机会，需要规避哪些潜在的风险，值得我们持续深入研究，也欢迎读者朋友继续关注和君恒成的后续文章。<\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2024","fid":"160","rid":5,"type":1,"fid_json":"[\"36\",\"50\",\"160\"]"},{"id":53,"title":"军事演习的逻辑，就是股权顶层设计的逻辑","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1693562040,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1693562799,"update_time":1693562799,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"极少数具有创新和领导能力的创业者有一种观点，就是“因为相信，所以看见”。他们凭着自己的远见卓识和坚定意志，能发现别人看不到的商机，敢于在别人不看好的领域坚守。但是，绝大多数人依然是“因为看见，所以相信”。所以创业者要把未来的蓝图尽可能清晰的描绘出来，才有机会得到其他股权合伙人的认同与信任。对于创业者而言，未来的蓝图就是对公司的商业模式与战略规划进行推演，给股权合伙人讲出一个逻辑严密、有理有据的商业故事。绝大多数成功的创业项目都是九死一生，最终成功时的样子，跟创业者最早的规划相比可能早已变得面目全非。所以很多创业者认为商业环境瞬息万变，提前设计商业模式、制定战略规划、进行股权规划等都是浪费时间玩虚的，不如实实在在去打磨产品和开发客户。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20230901\/20230901180113_79457.png","content":"极少数具有创新和领导能力的创业者有一种观点，就是“因为相信，所以看见”。他们凭着自己的远见卓识和坚定意志，能发现别人看不到的商机，敢于在别人不看好的领域坚守。但是，绝大多数人依然是“因为看见，所以相信”。所以创业者要把未来的蓝图尽可能清晰的描绘出来，才有机会得到其他股权合伙人的认同与信任。对于创业者而言，未来的蓝图就是对公司的商业模式与战略规划进行推演，给股权合伙人讲出一个逻辑严密、有理有据的商业故事。<\/p>绝大多数成功的创业项目都是九死一生，最终成功时的样子，跟创业者最早的规划相比可能早已变得面目全非。所以很多创业者认为商业环境瞬息万变，提前设计商业模式、制定战略规划、进行股权规划等都是浪费时间玩虚的，不如实实在在去打磨产品和开发客户。<\/p>事实真的如此吗？我们都说“商场如战场”。那我们何不问问自己：为何军队平日里除了进行强化基本功的技能训练，还要做军事演习？而且为什么每次战斗前，军事将领们都要在指挥部里制定详细的作战计划，为此还有专门的参谋人员为指挥员提供所需的情报信息？<\/p>其实，军事演习和作战计划的最大的意义，绝不是要在战斗开始后完全按照原计划执行。而是要通过制定计划，针对外部环境可能出现的各种情况、对方可能的反应、我方应如何应对的策略等进行推演和模拟。这样做，一是可以明确自身的要达成的理想目标以及不能放弃的底线；二是可以通过此过程中深刻理解作战的基本原则，即兵法；三是可以通过无损耗的方式获得协同作战的经验，以便届时可以快速反应。<\/p>还有的创业者认为，用来获取资源的股权规划确实需要做，因为没有资源没法开展业务。但具体的商业模式规划则因为外部环境的巨大变数，觉得没有必要做，也没法做。如果把创业比作一场战斗，创业者对未来商业模式的推演就像是一次军事演习，如果在军事演习时定的作战计划都漏洞百出，谁又敢把千军万马放给你去指挥呢？所以做好商业模式的推演，不仅可以帮助股权合伙人更好的理解给公司的未来路径和前景而参与其中，同时对于创业者也是一种实战前的自我检验，也能提高创业成功的胜算。<\/p>创业者只有通过推演明确自己对于资源的具体需求，才能做到不仅防止因资源过少影响业务，又避免资源闲置却出让了过多股权。<\/p>而且在实际与股权合伙人进行沟通谈判时，往往并不是一口价的方式，而是在实现公司大战略目标的前提下，就各方责权利的众多条款之间进行灵活调整，例如：<\/p>1.股权合伙人只出资和“出资+出人”的股权比例会是不一样的；<\/p>2.对于股东提供资源数量、质量、提供速度的要求高低，也会影响换得股权比例的多少；<\/p>3.是否要求董事席位，也可能会影响估值水平的高低或者接受投资量的多少；<\/p>4.公司估值水平的高低会影响是否设计对赌条款，以及违约条件的设计；<\/p>5.创始人个人出资的多少，会影响投资人投资的信心以及估值水平；<\/p>……<\/p>而且这些因素并非一一对应，这就需要创业者在复杂的逻辑关系中，既要多争取核心利益，也要学会在次要诉求上适当让步，最终找到实现共赢的利益平衡点。创业者如果不预先进行反复的推演，做到对各个要项及其相互影响关系的深刻理解，当面对股权合伙人时，又怎能心中有“数”的灵活应对，掌握谈判博弈的主动权？<\/p>为了描绘好这个蓝图，创业者需要建立像相机变焦镜头一样的多层次的思维格局——首先要看到未来十年的发展趋势，然后做好三年的业务规划，最后才能明确最近一年做什么事情才是最重要的。股权规划与设计也是一样的原理，也需要先根据战略规划做好股权的顶层规划，然后再明确每一次吸纳股权合伙人的目标，做好当前的股权交易方案设计。<\/p>","year":"2023","fid":"60","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"60\"]"},{"id":50,"title":"“土地经济”向“数字经济”：当代经济“新常态”下，地方发展的“新思路”","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1684833900,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1684834181,"update_time":1684834181,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"改革开放的这些年来，我国的经济发展围绕土地、劳动力、资本等传统生产要素，充分释放了生产力，使得中国经济在过去很长一段时间内保持了较高的增速。这个阶段地方财税围绕着土地财政构建经济制度、政策体系乃至职能部门。各地方政府都把工作重心放到工业化、城市化建设相关的招商引资上。地方财政的来源几乎全部围绕在土地出让、房地产相关税收、城投企业土地抵押融资和地方政府债券融资等方式的土地财政上。这也直接铸就了过往20年我们房地产行业的辉煌。房地产被作为一个投资性工具，其飞速增长的回报率远远高于工业平均利润，更有上市公司卖掉一线城市的房产就能获得超过企业全年经营利润的案例出现。\r\n","tu":"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523899103.jpg","content":"改革开放的这些年来，我国的经济发展围绕土地、劳动力、资本等传统生产要素，充分释放了生产力，使得中国经济在过去很长一段时间内保持了较高的增速。这个阶段地方财税围绕着土地财政构建经济制度、政策体系乃至职能部门。各地方政府都把工作重心放到工业化、城市化建设相关的招商引资上。地方财政的来源几乎全部围绕在土地出让、房地产相关税收、城投企业土地抵押融资和地方政府债券融资等方式的土地财政上。这也直接铸就了过往20年我们房地产行业的辉煌。房地产被作为一个投资性工具，其飞速增长的回报率远远高于工业平均利润，更有上市公司卖掉一线城市的房产就能获得超过企业全年经营利润的案例出现。<\/p>如此丰厚的投资回报率为地方经济和GDP增长起到了显而易见的作用。因此，在2022年之前我国的金融体系都是围绕在“钢筋水泥”之上的“土地经济”构建。却也大大削弱了实体经济，以及中小企业的金融支持力度。现任中国香港沃德国际资产管理顾问公司董事局主席的卢麒元在1999年撰写的《香港的超级地租》中提到：“僭越土地主权，向土地使用者征缴的超越了一般意义或者平均租赁费用的那部分类租性的收入，或者类税性的收入。”虽然“土地经济”给地方带来经济的增长和繁荣，却也给当地居民及经济长远带来了巨大的负担，这从经济学的角度不能说其不好。但不可否认的是，仅依靠“土地经济”，确实局限了整个经济环境和市场的良性发展。相对于欧美这些成熟的工业化国家，美国、日本的土地经济占GDP比分别为2%和1.5%，远远低于中国的25%。也大大影响了金融系统为实体经济提供服务意愿。<\/p>随着工业化、城市化不断推进，土地的发展空间不断变小。发展到2022年的如今，我国有土地出让收入实现6.69万亿（同比下降23.30%、同比减少2.02万亿元），28个省级行政区的土地出让收入均明显下滑，这无疑在财政收入压力加大的背景下，冲击地方财政的又一种力量。目前地方政府的财政问题非常严重，却找不到税收的增长点、更不确定区域经济的动能哪里。事实正在越来越清晰告诉的我们，过去依靠大搞土地建设、招商引资等刺激手段，给地方财政收入和GDP增高的工具正在逐渐失灵。在国家推动经济、社会持续健康发展、共同富裕的社会主义本质要求下，对宏观经济管理提出了一系列新的要求和挑战，迫使各级政府反思传统的发展模式，探索新的发展模式和发展路径。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523899103.jpg\" title=\"20230523899103.jpg\" alt=\"1.jpg\"\/><\/p>数字经济渐成高质量发展“新动力”<\/strong><br\/><\/p>“土地经济”下的房地产作为支柱行业，作为过去20年经济增长的火车头，截止2022年仍然占据GDP的7.34%，间接带动相关产业占10%，合计约占GDP的17%。房地产开发投资占固定资产投资的27.3%，广义房地产产业链完全带动的相关投资占比52.5%。地方政府依赖土地财政，房地产相关收入约占37.6%。围绕着“土地经济”构建地方财政和金融体系，导致了经济社会发展出现了“有增长无发展”的局面。且房地产泡沫不断积累、地方债愈演愈烈、污染有增无减、温室气体排放高居世界首位……<\/p>面对着整个社会经济的转型升级，国家先是在2020年提出以新发展为理念，以技术创新为驱动，以信息网络为基础，面向高质量发展需要，提供数字转型、智能升级、融合创新等服务的基础设施体系的新型基础设施建设概念。国家互联网信息办公室相关负责人在第五届数字中国建设峰会新闻发布会上表示：从2017年到2021年，我国数字经济规模从27万亿元增长到超45万亿元，稳居世界第二。数字经济在整个GDP中的比重提升至39.8%，数字经济发展动能加速释放。<br\/><\/p>由于疫情期间各地政府财政问题，政府的数字化进程虽然有所推迟但2022年6月23日国务院印发《关于加强数字政府建设的指导意见》，依然明确表达了各地政府应主动顺应经济社会数字化转型趋势，充分释放数字化发展红利，全面开创数字政府建设新局面作出部署。<br\/><\/p>若干国家相关政策及文件为数字政府的建设指明了方向，对于数字政府整体的投入将会有明显提升。《数字中国建设整体布局规划》将数字中国建设工作情况作为对有关党政领导干部考核评价的参考，进一步加强了数字政府建设的确定性。<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523867006.png\" title=\"20230523867006.png\" alt=\"2.png\"\/><\/p>土地经济如何向数字经济转型？<\/strong><br\/><\/p>当前所有地方经济发展，都卡在了“模式趋同”和“路径依赖”上。不论是怎样类型地方经济，当前的产业定位、招商政策、产业运营体系上都非常趋同，严重缺乏自主创新能力。在具体政策上，各地园区产业发展和招商引资等政策也没有本质区别，差异仅体现在优惠力度上，但由此导致各地方政府仅能通过优惠政策互相攀比、互相模仿“拼优惠”，不仅加重了地方财政的负担，也加剧了低层次竞争和“内卷”。地方经济发展突破瓶颈，就必须摆脱“给地、给房、给政策、给资金”等过往“成功经验”的依赖，转向“给渠道、给平台、给机会、给创新”的新路径，尤其是地方经济公共平台上服务的迭代与创新。<\/p>我国数字经济蓬勃发展，具有高创新性、强渗透性、广覆盖性，相关技术蓬勃发展持续激发经济社会发展的新动力，也造成越来越多的企业对政府提出数字经济相关建设支持需求。企业需求的改变，也同时要求政府也从传统路径向产业生态资源、数据与创新应用资源等不同环节的系统化、专业化支持转变。要求地方政府及落地园区，构建集中且高效的政策、资本、技术、渠道、咨询等服务平台。思考如何整合利用知名高效、科研院所及协同性强的高科技企业，支持企业加强核心竞争力的同时，补全政策补贴、行业付出及品牌宣传相关的服务。<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523281255.png\" title=\"20230523281255.png\" alt=\"3.png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>地方经济升级，需要地方角色发生转变<\/strong><\/p>地方经济需要转型升级，不仅是要摆脱过往的“给地、给房、给政策、给资金”路径，更要构建“给渠道、给平台、给机会、给创新”路径之上的突破。“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要提出，“发挥产业投资基金引导作用，加大融资担保和风险补偿力度”，为“十四五”期间政府高水平推进资本招商“定标引航”。<\/p>相对于传统的招商方式，资本招商最大优势就是精准和高效。通过发挥政府主导资金的作用开展资本招商，一方面解决了企业发展面临的融资困境，另一方面解决了地方政府招商引资的难点。深圳目前基本形成以基础设施公共事业为主体、以金融及战略性新兴产业为两翼的“一体两翼”国有资本格局，形成可供借鉴的“深圳模式”。核心就是“园区+创投”，即以科技园区为依托，以科技金融为纽带，通过前期租金、资金和技术入股等具体方式提供资金支持、分享产业发展红利。深圳在2018年设立了全国首支天使投资引导基金，100%投资种子期、初创期企业孵化发展项目，加速科技成果转化效率。截至2021年，该基金已累计撬动社会资金超过100亿元人民币，投资了567家高科技企业，培育出54家估值超1亿美元的企业。而更牛的合肥市，在2008年战胜武汉、深圳等地，拿下京东方（000725）第6代TFT-LCD（液晶面板）生产线，并展现出了颇大的投资气魄。在当年合肥市财政收入仅为301亿元的情况下，合肥除了筹集60-90亿元的资本金外、又另与京东方一起申请国开行85亿元的银团贷款。合肥京东方也不负政府的信任与期待，一路披荆斩棘将事业做的蒸蒸日上。合肥国资通过二级市场减持完成京东方投资退出，为新的投资积累资金，实现良性循环。也因此，合肥市政府也被外界戏称为“中国最牛风险投资机构”。在实践中，安徽合肥坚持“以投带引”，依托三大国资平台，围绕投资全链条打造“引进团队—国资引领—项目落地—股权退出—循环发展”闭环。2010—2020年，合肥GDP规模从2700亿元增至万亿元，全国排名升至20位，不仅成为地方经济增长最强黑马，也依靠“科技投行”的能力，成功引入并培育了新型显示器件、半导体和新能源汽车等新兴产业集群，实现十年“换道超车”。<br\/><\/p>总结合肥资本招商基本路径可概括为：以尊重市场规则和产业发展规律为前提，以资本纽带、股权纽带作为突破口和切入点，政府通过财政资金增资或国企战略重组整合打造国资平台，再推动国资平台探索以“管资本”为主的改革，通过直接投资或组建参与各类投资基金，带动社会资本服务于地方招商引资，形成产业培育合力。这些经验与探索为其他地方政府招商引资与经济发展带来了“科技投行”的新思路。<br\/><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0523\/20230523640125.png\" title=\"20230523640125.png\" alt=\"4.png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>数字经济时代·地方职能该如何应对与调整<\/strong><\/p>所谓的市场经济重效率、社会经济重协调。从当前的市场环境，我们已经得出明确额结论：追求“利益最大化”的经济发展时代已经过去；基于当地要素的实际情况，以社会需求为核心配置的数字经济时代已经来临。这里我们能很明确的认识到由“土地经济”向“数字经济”转型，对于政府及相关职能的要求完全不同：<\/p>“数字化”政府和“钢筋水泥”政府完全不同；<\/p>“数字财政”和“土地财政”完全不同；<\/p>“数字金融”和“土地金融”完全不同。<\/p>也因此，虽然各个组织已经明确的认知到“土地经济”已经在走下坡路，但根深蒂固的利益机制和惯性使然，让他们更愿意生活在当下的“舒适区”中。不过值得欣喜的是，当前有越来越多的地方政府开始像深圳、合肥那样，基于工业化、城市化已经健全的职能之上思考地方财政收入来源与财政收入转变的实践。经济发展必然要改变旧有的生活方式，重新分配利益，所以必然伴随着矛盾和冲突。政府的关键作用之一，就是调控改变速度的快慢。<\/p>社会变化过程快慢之间，对身处其中的人而言，感受天差地别。对于环境的变化，人们需要时间去适应。人不是机器部件，不可能瞬间调整，也没有人能一直紧跟时代，所以稳定的改革过程要留下足够的时间和资源去缓冲。有经济史学家在研究美国崛起的过程时曾言：“在成功的经济体中，经济政策一定是务实的，不是意识形态化的。是具体的，不是抽象的。”世事复杂，逻辑和理论之外的不可控因素太多，所以具体问题的解决方案，只能在实践中不断权衡、取舍、调整、改进。但发现和提出好的问题，是解决问题的第一步，且“提问”本身，往往已蕴含了对解决思路的探索。切中要害的问题，必然基于对现实情况的深刻理解。因此，无论是理论家还是实践者，“实事求是”和“具体问题具体分析”都是不会过时的精神。<\/p>","year":"2023","fid":"156","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"156\"]"},{"id":47,"title":"从六招入手，激活县域经济新动能","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1678416300,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1678416981,"update_time":1678416981,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"在经济高质量发展的要求下，构建现代产业体系，实现新旧动能转换成为区域经济转型发展的关键。从我们经手的政府产业规划案例看，现阶段地方政府在发展区域产业经济的过程中通常存在传统模式积重难返，传统结构僵硬固化，传统路径过度依赖等共性问题。如何因地制宜变革区域产业发展模式，构建区域新产业发展之路已成为地方政府产业规划工作的重要课题。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20230310\/20230310105243_93597.png","content":"在经济高质量发展的要求下，构建现代产业体系，实现新旧动能转换成为区域经济转型发展的关键。从我们经手的政府产业规划案例看，现阶段地方政府在发展区域产业经济的过程中通常存在传统模式积重难返，传统结构僵硬固化，传统路径过度依赖等共性问题。如何因地制宜变革区域产业发展模式，构建区域新产业发展之路已成为地方政府产业规划工作的重要课题。<\/p>举例来看，广东是我国经济相对发达地区，我们经手了很多广东地区的产业规划案例，具有一定的参考价值。改革开放初期，“三来一补”贸易在广东经济的起步与跨越式发展上起到了重要的推动作用，成就了当年的“珠江模式”与广东“四小虎”。虽然“三来一补”模式曾经拉动经济高速增长，但同样为广东沉淀了众多低端产业。广州、深圳已经开始腾笼换鸟，将低端产业向外转移淘汰。然而不少广东三四线城市以及县域却面临着新兴产业不想来，低端产业不能走，产业变革少抓手的现状。当前，这些地区产业发展现状与国家经济发展要求之间的矛盾愈加凸显。<\/p>广东的情况不是个例，我国众多三四线城市以及县域均存在着产业发展矛盾，面临着产业发展困境。具体表现为低端产业根深蒂固、土地空间缺乏规划、属地企业小散弱低。<\/p>困境一：低端产业根深蒂固<\/strong><\/span><\/p>与广东地区类似，我国许多三四线城市以及县域地区受历史因素以及外向型经济的影响，在产业结构上呈现出低端产业为主，所涉行业广泛、想摆脱又离不开、想引新又招不来的特点。<\/p>困境二：土地空间缺乏规划<\/span><\/strong><\/p>由于在城镇化与工业化初期，以村为单位的土地发展缺乏前瞻性与整体性规划，导致了土地发展模式粗放，土地碎片化问题严重，历史土地问题积重难返导致新兴产业缺乏承载空间。部分财政富裕地区的土地倒挂也严重挤压了三四线以及县域地区的土地竞争力与产业吸引力。<\/p>困境三：属地企业小散弱低<\/span><\/strong><\/p>三四线城市以及县域地区产业带动力与产业吸引力均相对较弱，导致龙头企业少，企业以小规模企业为主。同时由于属地企业所处产业通常属于低端产业，导致属地企业竞争力弱，附加值低。属地企业整体呈现出小散弱低的特点。<\/p>困境四：产业缺乏龙头带动<\/strong><\/span><\/p>产业龙头企业是强链延链补链的核心，对打造地区产业生态、拉动地区产业发展具有重要影响。目前，诸多三四线城市以及县域地区缺乏具有带动效应的龙头企业，导致产业集聚发力，上下游协同发展较弱，产业转型升级缓慢。<\/p>困境五：产业发展路径传统<\/strong><\/span><\/p>受历史因素与发展惯性影响，目前大多数三四线城市以及县域地区仍行进在传统产业发展路径上。传统产业发展路径相对粗放，低成本劳动力依赖较强，产业附加值偏低。很多地区已经意识到问题并想要转变路径，但是却被“发展路径改不动，传统产业还得要”的问题持续困扰。<\/p>困境六：盲目追求高大上<\/strong><\/span><\/p>许多三四线城市与县域地区未经系统调研论证便盲目提出要发展半导体、集成电路等“高大上”产业。然而大部分三四线城市与县域地区发展资源不充足，政策优惠不到位，招商引资不专业，产业链资金链人才链不健全，导致产业规划长时间停留在口号层面，难以落地。<\/p>基于产业规划的案例经验与产业发展的研究洞察，我们梳理总结了区域产业进阶路径与六大产业发展模式，并提出了一些参考建议，希望能够为面临相同困境地区的产业发展规划提供借鉴思路。<\/p>我们认为，中国区域经济发展已经呈现出“都市圈—城市群—世界级城市集群”的进阶式发展路径。都市圈以核心城市产业链承载赋能为主导、带动圈内城市产业优化升级。<\/p>都市圈的特点是以单\/多大城市为中心、中小城市环绕中心城市分布、核心城市产业主导性强。城市群的特点是由多个都市圈组成、特大城市拉动、产业实现结构性布局。世界级城市集群在城市群完成产业共聚并合理布局后，开始通过产业分工与产业协同的方式提升产业发展的效率。<\/p>其次，在上述进阶发展路径之下，我们梳理总结了以招引、配套、承接、自培、重塑、精耕为代表的六大产业发展模式。<\/p>招引模式的内涵是依托域内良好的产业生态基础向外招引区域定位的相关产业，实现路径是资本主导+产投模式；配套模式的内涵是从产业配套维度出发借力周边强市做大自身产业，实现路径是配套协同+周边强市；承接模式的内涵是利用比较优势承接 “产业强市” 转移拉动自身发展，实现路径是自身优势+选择承接；自培模式的内涵是持续投入资源做大做强域内原生优势产业，实现路径是资本引导+政府扶持；重塑模式的内涵是引导域内传统产业系统性完成优化升级与重塑，实现路径是产业升级+集聚赋能；精耕模式的内涵是以前瞻性思维在特色产业细分领域精耕细作，实现路径是聚焦细分+差异竞争。<\/p>综上，区域产业发展路径是明确的，产业发展模式是多样的，遇到发展瓶颈的地方政府需要准确融入区域产业发展大环境，结合自身实际因地制宜组合产业发展模式，规划产业发展方向，制定落地举措。我们结合案例经验，具体给出如下建议参考。<\/p>建议一：注重新兴产业<\/span><\/strong><\/p>新兴产业对经济社会发展具有引领带动作用。新兴产业能够为地方经济发展注入活力、提供动力，能够提升地方产业附加值。新兴产业有利于加快变革经济发展方式，有利于优化提升产业发展层次，有利于带动地方经济高质量发展。需要特别指出的是，注重新兴产业一定不能在初始阶段全面铺开布局，要结合实际情况选择最能落地的新兴产业并找好产业切入点，由小及大。<\/p>建议二：注重融合发展<\/span><\/strong><\/p>分工促进效率，产业发展亦是如此。在区域产业大环境下找准自身产业发展角色定位，与周边强市或地区融合协同分工是区域产业发展优化升级、突破瓶颈的必由之路。建议遇到发展瓶颈的区域积极开展对外合作与交流，在区域间形成联动，制定共同的产业发展方向与发展目标，在产业交流、产业研究、企业服务、资源共享等方面实现一体化发展，各自依据自身比较优势做好产业分工，多维度打造产业发展共同体。<\/p>建议三：注重专业团队<\/strong><\/span><\/p>让专业的人和团队做专业的事。当前，政府在发展产业的过程中面临的挑战越来越多，难度越来越大。引进专业产业发展人才、组建专业产业发展团队能够为产业发展提供专业能力与智力支撑，从产业战略、产业政策等维度以及发展关键、发展方向等维度为政府提供决策参考，支持政府在产业发展方向以及产业发展政策等领域实现专业化。<\/p>建议四：注重国资引领<\/strong><\/span><\/p>充分发挥国有资本在资源配置与产业引导上的作用与价值。国有资本以国资平台为依托，驱动产业发展，助推产业优化升级。在产业发展的过程中要支持国资平台做强做优，持续发挥国有资本的引领作用。做好对现有国资平台的定位工作，确保国资平台能够实现发展方向清晰，职能分工明确，统筹协调高效，产业支撑有力。同时积极探索国资的产业运作模式，实现国资的增值保值。<\/p>建议五：注重研究工作<\/strong><\/span><\/p>开展研究工作是实现产业专业化发展重要途径。研究工作需要将重点放在区位研究与产业研究上。通过开展区位研究持续关注并挖掘周边区域协同发展机遇与自身区位比较优势，以区域融合的方式而不是割裂的方式发展自身产业。通过开展产业研究持续把握自身核心产业的整体环境、核心技术与发展趋势，为产业相关决策与政策提供支撑与支持。<\/p>建议六：注重招商创新<\/strong><\/span><\/p>大部分地方政府依赖土地、财政、政策、补贴等进行传统式招商，导致同质化竞争严重。各地可以转变招商模式、开展招商创新工作。例如在发达城市与地区以产业园、孵化基地等方式投资建设“飞地”，借助当地产业发展红利实现收益，并以“飞地”为抓手向本地导入资金、资源、产业，反哺本地的经济。<\/p>","year":"2023","fid":"90","rid":5,"type":1,"fid_json":"[\"90\"]"},{"id":46,"title":"新时代我国消防车改装制造企业面临的挑战与发展建议","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1675149960,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1675151113,"update_time":1675151113,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"本文阐述了消防车制造行业当前的发展，并分析了消防车市场现状、消防车改装制造企业面临的挑战，以及国产消防车未来的发展趋势。最终，结合国内新时代发展背景，总结了智能化、新能源化、产业化的发展趋势，并针对消防车制造企业提出了八个方面的发展建议，对行业及企业发展有着一定借鉴意义。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20230131\/20230131153355_56885.png","content":"摘  要：<\/strong>本文阐述了消防车制造行业当前的发展，并分析了消防车市场现状、消防车改装制造企业面临的挑战，以及国产消防车未来的发展趋势。最终，结合国内新时代发展背景，总结了智能化、新能源化、产业化的发展趋势，并针对消防车制造企业提出了八个方面的发展建议，对行业及企业发展有着一定借鉴意义。<br\/><\/p>关键词：<\/strong>消防车；消防车制造；消防装备<\/p>消防车是指根据消防工作需要，设计制造成适宜消防员乘用、装备各类消防器材或灭火剂，进行灭火、辅助灭火、消防救援、紧急救灾等任务的车辆。国内消防车分类方法有多种，按功能用途可分为四类：灭火类消防车、举高类消防车、专勤类消防车和保障类消防车；按底盘承载能力分为轻型\/中型\/重型消防车三类；按灭火剂类型分为水罐消防车、泡沫消防车及干粉消防车三类[1][1]。目前国际上对消防车分类没有公认的方法，国外常见分类为城市消防车、工业消防车和机场消防车三类，我国消防车常见分类如图1所示。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0131\/20230131527484.png\" title=\"20230131527484.png\" alt=\"图片1.png\"\/><\/p>1  国产消防车发展现状及国内消防车市场简述<\/strong><\/p>1.1  国产消防车发展现状<\/span><\/p>消防救援是涉及国计民生的重要产业，为此消防车制造行业进入壁垒较高，一方面体现为国家相关部门及行业协会对消防车制造企业资质认证比较严格。据中国消防协会第十二批消防行业信用评价名单，有36家消防装备企业取得最高AAA级认证，其中提供消防车辆的企业较少，主要有中卓时代、湖北江南、格拉曼国际等。较高的取证门槛令诸多企业望而却步。另一方面体现为消防车制造的主要部件价值较高，如部分车型仅底盘、泵炮等关键部件占原料成本超过70以上，且此类关键部件一般要求现款，因此，需要企业具有一定的资金实力及较强的财务风险应对能力，故资金的投入和滞压也一定程度上抬高了消防车改装制造的准入门槛。不过，随着近几年国内消防车需求飞速增长，国家及行业协会逐步放松了对企业的审核与认证，带动了消防行业的快速发展，越来越多的制造企业参与其中。目前，国内有一定规模的消防车制造企业超过20家，加上未通过3A认证的企业50余家，相较2010年以前，消防车制造企业数量增长巨大。<\/p>伴随着国内消防车制造企业增多，我国消防车企业制造能力也越来越全面，现已初步可以生产各类举高消防车、机场消防车和多种消防机器人等，基本上可以满足消防各类应用需要。因此，国内进口整车的市场份额逐年下降，在2010年，很多大城市的消防车国外整车还占70%，到2015年已下降到20%左右。不过，虽然当前国产消防车在国内占据了较高的市场份额，但主要分布在利润相对较低的中低端市场，且类型大多为常规消防车，价值及利润较高的特种消防车市场仍有待突破。根据2020年消防车上险数据，国产水罐与泡沫等常规消防车销量较多，分别为56%和24%，单价较高的特种车辆销量相对较少，占比不足10%，如图2所示。从二者价格对比来看，举高类消防车单价平均在200万元\/辆以上，几种主要类型的特种消防车平均单价也在170万元左右，而常规类消防车单价均未超过100万元，由图3所示，特种消防车价格最高超过300万，是常规消防车的2~6倍。日后，随着火灾救援情况日益复杂化，我国对特种消防车的需求会进一步增长。市场需要已然对国内消防行业及制造企业提出了更高的要求，企业转型升级成为当前较为紧要的工作之一[4][2]。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0131\/20230131467421.png\" title=\"20230131467421.png\" alt=\"图片2.png\"\/><\/p>结合国内消防车市场需求的发展及变化，近年消防车终端需要越发清晰，并已明显推动了行业整合及制造企业的战略调整。其中代表性企业如中集天达，先后收购四川川消、上海金盾、沈阳捷通、德国齐格勒等消防车制造企业，在四川设立研发基地，大力发展消防车改装制造、消防配套等智慧消防产业，致力于构建齐全的消防救援设备产品线，打造“车辆+装备+服务+建站”的全面消防救援业务延展能力。再如威海广泰于2010年收购北京中卓，致力于形成空港、军工、消防救援、移动医疗及无人机等各个板块一体化，以打造智能化高端保障装备制造平台。再如规模相对较小的明光浩淼科技，公司于2020年登录新三板精选层，当前在着力探索消防车改装制造模块化、精细化、数字化等，致力于提升产品性能\/质量及利润水平等，以建立自身更强的竞争优势。当然，国内其他诸多企业也在进行积极的转型升级，各个企业的战略侧重点不尽相同，但最终目标均为在国内外消防市场中取得更多份额。<\/p>1.2  国内消防市场简述<\/span><\/p>基于市场空间是行业整合及企业转型升级的根本动力，笔者通过了解我国消防车市场情况后发现，我国消防车确实仍然存在较大缺口和发展空间，具体数据呈现如下。根据2018年中国消防年鉴，截止到2017年底，我国城市应有消防站数量8 862个，实际消防站数量7 032个，缺口达1 830个，实际拥有率79.35%；乡镇应有消防站数量7 751个，实际消防站数量9 755个，但2017年仍以8.72%增速快速增长。同时，根据相关标准，城市消防站分为普通消防站、特勤消防站和战勤保障站三类，其中普通消防站又分为一级站、二级站和小型站；乡镇消防队分为乡镇专职消防队和乡镇志愿消防队两类，其中乡镇专职消防队分为一级乡镇专职消防队和二级乡镇专职消防队。其中，建标152—2017《城市消防站建设标准》和GAT 998—2012《乡镇消防队标准》规定各类消防站车辆配备数量如表1所示。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0131\/20230131271945.png\" title=\"20230131271945.png\" alt=\"图片3.png\"\/><\/p>2  国内消防车改装行业面临挑战<\/strong><\/p>虽然我国消防车市场拥有广阔的前景，且国内制造企业也在积极探索转型升级，但国产消防车未来发展仍面临巨大挑战[3][3]，需要行业及企业做出良好的应对，其中具体挑战体现如下。<\/p>首先，国产消防车的底盘、高科技产品和关键部件仍需进口。一方面，受产量和自主研发技术限制，我国高端消防车底盘市场一直被进口品牌垄断。因此，提升国内汽车制造技术自主研发能力、推进军民技术融合等或将成为弥补这一空缺的关键，其中，行业及企业应注重技术研发的有效转化和实施，以最终打破国外产品技术垄断，研制生产出更多更具技术含量的消防车专用底盘。另一方面，我国消防车在产量上虽已具有一定规模，但大多数属于劳动密集型和中低技术水平的产品。一些技术含量较高关键零部件仍需进口，例如数控水炮、灭火系统等。因此，国内自主关键件总体水平、生产劳动附加值及生产技术需进一步强化和重视，以突破国产消防车技术瓶颈，并呈现出更高的价值。<\/p>其次，国产消防车技术开发薄弱，自主研发能力缺乏，尤其针对特种消防车的开发有极大的提升空间。由于消防车制造企业规模与乘用车生产企业相比普遍过小，技术力量薄弱，研发资金也相对较少，且消防车新产品开发投入大，回报周期长，造成绝大多数企业在技术研发上投入不足，只好通过引进、仿制来完成产品的升级换代。不过，消防实战会面临各种各样的紧急环境，如火灾、水灾、地震、毒气等，仅常规灭火消防车（删灭火？）已不能满足复杂多变的消防应用需求。因此，系统提升国产消防车技术开发水平，鼓励企业研发投入及自主创新等已成为亟须。如可由行业协会牵头出台相关支持政策，推动企业研制出具备综合消防救援能力的特种车，以适应更高要求、更复杂多变的消防应用场景，从而减少灾害带来的损失。<\/p>最后，国内消防车制造企业运营管理效率普遍不高，企业生产运营模式创新需做出改变。一方面，消防车生产过程中，底盘、泵、炮等高价值部件会占用企业大量资金，导致企业运营压力大，资金流紧张等情况普遍存在，但由于行业发展及技术水平限制，改装企业很难建立较强的上下游议价能力。因此，未来需要企业在产业链中探索较为合适的运营体系，如可尝试融资租赁、供应链金融等，以缓解资金压力及避免可能存在的财务风险。另一方面，国内大多数消防车制造企业管理及生产模式仍较为粗放，成本控制、生产效率、产品质量等均有一定提升空间。因此，企业管理变革及生产模式升级等仍是接下来的重点之一，目前许多企业已初步开始实行精益管理变革，但精益生产之路需要企业长期的坚持及不断自我革新。而在当前环境下，很多企业不具备足够的耐心，企图实现快速飞跃，最终反倒事倍功半，因而企业精益化、模块化、信息化、智能化之路仍任重道远。<\/p> <img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0131\/20230131515065.png\" title=\"20230131515065.png\" alt=\"图片4.png\"\/><\/p>除上述提到的挑战外，行业及企业还面临其他问题，诸如技术人才\/管理人才不足、上下游一体化程度不高等。因此，我国消防车制造企业转型必将经历一番苦战，企业主动求新求变将成为持续发展的主要方向。而针对当前行业及企业面临的挑战，相信随着相关关键技术和社会治理能力的不断发展，底盘限制和关键部件依赖进口、智能化管理程度低、企业运营管理效率不高等问题将会逐步解决。<\/p>3  国内消防车（行业）未来发展趋势<\/strong><\/p>诚然，行业及企业面临着诸多挑战，但在应对挑战的同时，如能及时并有效把握消防车未来发展趋势，将会为企业带来较好的竞争优势。其中，通过对消防车行业的了解，并结合文中所体现的内容，本文对消防车行业未来发展趋势归纳如下。<\/p>首先，消防车智能化与网络集成化将进一步深化[4][4]。当前，随着电子控制技术的发展，智能化与自动化操作系统已经被广泛地运用于机械制造行业，但在消防车制造领域的应用尚有较大空间。一方面，未来电子控制技术在国产消防车领域的融入，对于实现消防车智能化与自动化控制，减少战斗人员的投入，提升消防车战斗力等具有重要作用。另一方面，消防车及相关装备的智能化管理水平提升，将会成为消防物联网建设的关键。如通过传感器等硬件设备对消防队员及场景等进行智能识别及动态管理，从而实时掌握装备状态、现场状况等，进而为指挥人员提供决策分析数据，达成更高效的救援，并将损失降到最低。目前在不少城市已经开展相关的调研及建设，相信5G、电子标志、电子控制等相关技术的不断发展及应用，将为消防车及相关装备智能化水平带来较大提升，并助力国产消防车更好地服务于消防救援及指挥人员。<\/p>其次，未来新能源消防车或将加快步伐，服务于国内外消防队伍。近几年，新能源乘用车发展火热，与此同时，新能源卡车发展也在稳步推进，据电车汇数据显示，2021年我国新能源重卡销量达到了10 431辆。且目前新能源卡车已经延展到消防车的应用中来，2021年第十九届国际消防展，美国豪士科和四川川消都展示了新能源机场消防车，两款车展现了新能源消防车技术的较高水平，引起了国内外消防队伍的高度关注[5][5]。众所周知，新能源汽车总体成本更低，同时与燃油车相比，新能源车基本为零排放，对环境更加友好，此外，新能源车还具备更加安静，更加容易驾驶等优势。对于消防队而言，新能源消防车除了以上优点以外，重要的是维护更加简单，且机动性较强，尤其小型新能源消防车，可以快速、灵活响应灾情，将损失降到最低。因此，随着行业头部企业对新能源消防车（研发？）的不断深入，未来新能源消防车发展将会成为主要趋势之一，并可能逐步取代燃油消防车。<\/p> <\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2023\/0131\/20230131910971.png\" title=\"20230131910971.png\" alt=\"图片5.png\"\/><\/p>最后，随着行业的发展，未来消防车产业集中度将会进一步提升，上下游企业间的合作也将更加紧密。一方面，随着国家对消防车制造企业准入的开放，越来越多企业加入竞争，而头部企业为占据更多的市场份额及提升自身优势，其在行业内的整合将会进一步加强，为此，企业核心竞争优势建立，新颖的商业模式、盈利模式等将成为企业能否持续经营发展的关键。另一方面，竞争的加剧及行业的整合将会导致消防车利润越来越低，因此，上下游打通，企业间相互联合将成为突破困境的有效路径之一，比如改装企业与底盘厂家联合、打造消防车制造产业链打造等举措或将被广泛实施。<\/p>4  国内消防车制造企业发展建议及总结<\/strong><\/p>综上所述，当前我国消防车市场前景广阔，需求持续增长，未来行业及企业发展机遇与挑战并存，因此，基于前文提到的市场情况、面临挑战及发展趋势等内容，笔者对我国消防车制造企业提出发展建议，归纳为“八个注重”：注重管理及运营效率提升，以把控产品质量、提升资金使用效率、优化客户服务等；注重技术研发的投入，以提升产品竞争优势，打造功能全面的车辆，满足复杂应用场景；注重后备人才的培养，包括技术人才及管理人才，以保证企业战略的有效实施和达成，实现不断的良性循环；注重信息化、数字化建设，并致力于打造模块化，智能化生产，以不断提高国产消防车附加值、生产水平等；注重与上下游的协作\/联合，以在激烈竞争下形成双赢关系，如与底盘厂商的打通，将有助于消防车技术提升，及缓解资金流紧张等；注重市场开拓\/市场机遇把握及客户服务，以建立良好的客户口碑，进而助力企业品牌建设与推广，从而赢得更多市场；注重技术创新与转化，如可与知名高校建立合作关系，推进创新及专利转化，以增强企业自身实力及行业话语权；注重相关产业融合与配套发展，如人工智能\/大数据\/物联网等与消防车制造的融合，以强化企业将数据转化为资产的能力，并利用数字资产金融属性的加持实现变现等。<\/p>总之，消防车作为消防救援队伍的主要装备，涉及人民生命财产安全，无论国家相关部门、行业协会、企业及消防队伍都在高度关注。因此，消防车制造企业高质量发展势在必行。此外，新时代发展背景下，市场上涌现了很多新的机遇，我国消防车制造企业也在以前所未有的速度稳步前行，因此，我们有理由相信国产消防车未来一定会占据行业的顶端，为国内外消防队伍开展消防救援、应急救灾等任务提供强有力技术支撑和装备保障。<\/p><br\/><\/p>参考文献：<\/strong><\/p>[1]马云峰.消防车的分类、定义及用途释义[J].商用汽车,2009,(3):85-89.<\/p>[2]邹润芳,张超,孙玉浩,等.稀缺低估值空港装备龙头,轻装迎风再启航[R].中航证券研究所,2022.<\/p>[3]隋涛,李永杰,张桂梅.浅析国内消防车行业发展[J].重型汽车,2014,(2):16-17. <\/p>[4]刘勇,孟程芳,王福金,等.浅谈我国机场消防车的技术现状与发展[J].专用汽车,2018,(4):70-73.<\/p>[5]刘勇,李冰,张向辉,等.新能源机场消防车的发展趋势分析[J].专用汽车,2022,(3):14-15,19.<\/p><br\/><\/p>致谢：感谢山东省天河消防车辆装备有限公司项目组所有同事在项目推动中的努力；感谢和君恒成山东公司总经理张成钢先生提供的项目机会，以及对本文的悉心指导。<\/p>作者简介：张春旺，北京市和君恒成企业顾问集团股份有限公司管理咨询顾问，山东省青岛市即墨区蓝鳌路。<\/p>","year":"2023","fid":"116","rid":5,"type":1,"fid_json":"[\"116\"]"},{"id":45,"title":"未来是中国中小企业大发展的新时代 ——写在2022中国中小企业发展大会召开之际","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1669796400,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1669801533,"update_time":1677133774,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"作为新时代的中国企业家，让我们站在新的商业时代起点，提高认识，提振信心，找准定位，找对方向，创新模式，知行合一，共同努力，去迎接以高质量发展为首要任务的中国式现代化的美好未来！","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20221130\/20221130174526_33190.png","content":"全球经济下行，新冠肺炎疯狂肆虐，金融危机四伏，东西方对抗，地区冲突频发，未来世界经济发展面临巨大挑战。国内经济面对疫情挑战和需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱等多方压力，中小企业很多没有坚持活下来，选择了躺平。<\/p>曾经有人说2019年是过去十年里最坏的一年，也可能是未来十年里最好的一年。从康波周期看2015年-2024年是康波周期萧条期，2024年-2033年是回升期，之后进入一段的繁荣期。未来几年的经济依旧形势严峻，回升期也很难再现迅猛增长。前路艰难，中国中小企业是我国经济发展不可或缺的参与者和重要支撑，是激发创新的重要力量。<\/p>我们知道，中国中小企业贡献了50%以上的税收，60%以上的GDP，70%以上的技术创新，80%以上的城镇劳动就业，90%以上的企业数量，是国民经济和社会发展的主力军，是扩大就业、改善民生的重要支撑。<\/p>在这个时候，很多人对未来迷茫，甚至失去了发展的信心和勇气。我们认为，未来恰恰是中国中小企业大发展的新时代。<\/p>1、国家高度重视并出台了一系列政策大力支持中小企业发展。<\/strong><\/p>  二十大明确指出将毫不动摇地鼓励、支持引导非公有制经济发展。<\/p>  中小企业是我国经济韧性、就业韧性的重要支撑。促进中小企业发展，对推进高质量发展至关重要。更加具体地来说，二十大明确要营造有利于科技型中小微企业成长的良好环境，推动创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链深度融合。<\/p>2、中国中小企业是中国高质量发展不可或缺的最重要参与者。<\/strong><\/p>  我国虽然工业部门齐全，但产业基础能力建设不足，包括基础装备和核心技术能力薄弱，产业链上“断点”和“堵点”较多，缺少具有国际竞争力的“杀手锏”技术。产业核心零部件、材料、工艺的产业基础能力与产业发展和需求侧变化不匹配，数字化基础技术体系薄弱，自动控制与感知、核心软硬件、工业云与智能服务平台、工业互联网等基础科学存在短板、底层基础能力不足；对于集成电路、生物医药等产业链上关键环节的控制力较弱。<\/p>  今年二十大明确，中国要着力推动高质量发展，加快构建新发展格局，建设现代化产业体系。专精特新中小企业是产业链的重要环节，是稳定就业、改善民生的重要力量，其发展态势不仅关乎其所在行业的健康发展，更关乎国民经济和社会发展全局。<\/p>  中小企业以市场需求为主要导向，原创和扩张是本质特征，创新集中在新经济和新产品领域，是经济的加速器，是解决创新链联动不畅和技术“断点”和“堵点”问题的关键所在。<\/p>3、支撑中国中小企业发展的产业基础设施平台建设基本完成。<\/strong><\/p>  央国企是原创技术的“策源地”。大型企业的创新集中于大工程和大科学领域，以国家需求为主要导向，研仿、赶超是首要任务，在行业内和国民经济领域起到支撑和稳定的作用。<\/p>  国企、央企和大型企业完成了一个产业基础设施，引导国家和社会资金投向，把控整体发展的质量和方向。中小企业要利用好地方公共服务平台，利用好产业上下游企业发展生态创新、产业、供应链、数据、资金、人才和服务的融通，依托平台，在产业链上找寻接口，深耕自己核心能力所在的细分领域，就会有广阔的发展空间。<\/p>4、国家及地方营商环境正在快速改善，将更有利于中国中小企业的发展。<\/strong><\/p>  一个地方的经济发展状况，民营经济是个重要的晴雨表。凡是经济发达、活跃的地区，都是民营经济发展较好的地区。<\/p>  地方政府高度重视产业营商环境建设，创新机制引领产业聚集。从2021年开始，地方政府在营商环境领域的关注点已经从政务环境扩展到产业环境、信用环境等主题。今年二十大明确提出，营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境。<\/p>  中小企业提供了更多就业岗位，反向促进当地居民增收与经济发展。政府环境型政策优化营商环境，弥补环境劣势，助力中小企业转型发展，地方与中小企业双向互利。<\/p>5、中国资本市场体系建设基本完成，中国中小企业迎来了价值时代和股权时代。<\/strong><\/p>  我国各层级资本市场体系已经建成，中小企业已经进入价值时代和股权时代。<\/p>  2021年11月15日，北交所开市，成为发展专精特新中小企业的主阵地。<\/p>  11月19日，国务院促进中小企业发展工作领导小组办公室印发《为“专精特新”中小企业办实事清单》，以培育更多“专精特新”中小企业、推动“专精特新”企业加快实现高质量发展为目标，共提出涵盖财税支持、信贷支持、直接融资支持等10项实事、31条具体任务。<\/p>  凡是有核心能力的中小企业，应当拥抱资本，敢于进入中国的资本市场，搏取创造更大价值，获得更好的发展。<\/p>6、中国中小企业将逐渐告别“融资难，融资贵”的困境。<\/strong><\/p>  今年上半年中国银行业发放的企业贷款中超过一半投向民营企业。国家利用多层次资本市场提供直接融资便利，同时鼓励引导基金、私募股权基金等为创新能力强、成长性好的企业提供投融资支持。构建“敢贷、愿贷、能贷”的贷款长效机制建设。中小企业融资难，融资贵将很大缓解。<\/p>  下行周期也是技术迭代的关键期，要在关键领域敢于扩充产能，等到行业重新景气吃到最大红利。<\/p>  融资考虑成本，布局需要提前。中小企业需要尽快整合资源，产融结合，优化资金链、提升利润、资产扩张、做大做强等。<\/p>7、未来将有大量的各类高端人才大量涌进中小企业，与企业家合伙二次创业，在实现职业价值的同时，实现共同富裕。<\/strong><\/p>  国家倡导职业教育，各大高校和职业学校迎来新的发展方向和发展机遇；由于疫情很多海外人才回国；大厂释放出大量人才。中小企业人才选择范围扩大，更多优秀的人才进入中小企业。<\/p>  通过薪资、奖金、福利、股权分红物质层面激励人才，通过企业文化、培训和制度引导人才；发挥中小企业的“专精”优势，支持人才在细分领域深入发展，要根据不同类型、不同层次人才特点，形成人才开发与培养的长效机制，管理团队，提升团队结构。通过多种手段让更多人才涌现，满足中小企业发展。<\/p>  中小企业要抓紧时间培养自己企业未来的核心竞争力，重视人才团队建设，制定好利益分配机制，敢于释放权和利，增强人才对事业的主人翁意识和归属感。财散人聚，共同富裕。<\/p>8、我国企业服务行业将迎来大发展，本土服务机构的快速成长，将助力中国中小企业的大发展。<\/strong><\/p>  中国中小企业协会李子彬会长说，未来很少有企业能够在没有智力服务机构的帮助下取得很大成功的。<\/p>  目前我国企业服务市场的发展演进呈现“增值深化”和“模式升级”两大长期趋势。企业服务的核心需求在于——切实创造价值。<\/p>  越来越多企业服务已由单点问题解决方案提供商转化拥有全面服务能力的企业成长和价值倍增的陪伴式长期服务供应商。产品、资源、全面服务能力、行业理解、落地实施高度融合。伴随着中小企业的成长，本土企业服务机构立足中国本土国情，将为中国中小企业提供更优质服务。 <\/p>9、中国中小企业将迎来中国经济高质量发展的产业红利，面临前所未有的巨大市场机遇<\/strong><\/p>  结合《工业“四基”发展目录(2016年版)》，专精特新发展方向围绕《中国制造2025》十大重点领域，并着力突破工业“四基”（核心基础零部件(元器件)、关键基础材料、先进基础工艺和产业技术基础）发展瓶颈。<\/p>  全国各省市在国家明确的重点领域基础上，结合当地的主导产业、支柱产业或优势产业，形成了各省市“专精特新”的发展重点，总体上来看，全国地方重点领域主要分布在战略性新兴产业、先进制造业等，提及频率排名前五的产业领域分别为：新材料、生物医药、新能源汽车、高端装备、集成电路、新一代信息技术、智能网联汽车。<\/p>  以2021年公布的第三批专精特新“小巨人”企业名单中上市的企业为代表进行考察，不难发现其广泛分布于机械设备、化工、医药生物、电子、电气设备以及计算机等细分行业。诸多行业中，机械设备行业的“专精特新”企业数量最多，连同其他企业数量较多的行业诸如化工、电子、电气设备、计算机、汽车等都属于工业“四基”领域和制造强国战略所明确的十大重点产业领域。<\/p>  二十大提及了国家经济未来发展战略性领域。现代化产业体系重点在实体经济，在制造业、航天、交通、网络、数字化等，还有乡村振兴、一带一路对外贸易等。<\/p>中小企业需要把握在重点领域释放的产业红利，找对方向，聚焦突破。<\/p><br\/><\/p>未来中国中小企业家该怎么办，怎么干，其实就是做好6件事：<\/strong><\/p>1、立足长远，提高认识，提振信心；<\/span><\/p>2、与国家战略和产业政策相向而行，找好产业平台，找对方向；<\/span><\/p>3、做好自身定位，寻找自己的发展空间，创新商业模式；<\/span><\/p>4、打造新团队，财散人聚，共同富裕；<\/span><\/p>5、产融智结合，自我革命，拥抱产业平台的协同企业，共谋发展；<\/span><\/p>6、用商业智慧整合各类发展所需要的资源，培育企业的核心竞争力。<\/span><\/p>我们曾说，谁也成为不了真正的企业家，除非那些把国家、民族、产业和企业的命运当成自己的命运，并且日夜不安的人。<\/p>作为新时代的中国企业家，让我们站在新的商业时代起点，提高认识，提振信心，找准定位，找对方向，创新模式，知行合一，共同努力，去迎接以高质量发展为首要任务的中国式现代化的美好未来！<\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"65","rid":15,"type":2,"fid_json":"[\"100\"]"},{"id":44,"title":"短视频渗透力活跃，商业价值再度升级","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1662533340,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1662533683,"update_time":1675152457,"top":1,"top2":0,"info":"从2011-2021，短视频行业经历了从无到有、从多到优的十年腾飞期，也逐步形成了较为鲜明的受众偏好——抖快看新鲜解压，微博看大事与文娱，B站边学习边追兴趣，小红书刷测评和攻略，视频号跟好友一起分享。短视频行业以更加开放的商业生态，推动了数字经济与实体经济的健康融合发展，也创造了更加便利、高效的商业竞合环境。","tu":"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0907\/20220907273365.png","content":"<section><section><section>01 短视频行业现状分析<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>从用户角度来看，短视频具有趣味解压、有冲击性、爆点密集等特点，能够带来持续的新鲜感，具备强大的吸引力。<\/span><\/strong>截至2021年12月，短视频用户规模达到9.34亿，月人均使用时长增长至 53.2 小时，短视频已经全面融入人们线上社交和娱乐方式（此处短视频泛指当前15s内的短视频及30min以内的中视频）。<\/p><section><img class=\"raw-image\" src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0907\/20220907273365.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><br\/><\/p><section>内容与创作者：目前内容生产模式包括UGC、PUGC和PGC模式。<\/span><\/p>大部分短视频的创作者就是用户本身，即用户原创内容（UGC），制作时间和成本相对较低，但内容质量参差不齐，粉丝容易在头部用户高度集中，普通用户吸粉速度慢、粉丝粘性差，所以创作者的活跃度和持续更新显得尤为重要。<\/p>PUGC专业用户生产内容模式结合了UGC的广度和PGC的深度，例如金融财经板块知名的巫师财经、小Lin说，把短视频冷门领域内容以专业+通俗的手段带到用户面前，内容相对专业、创作周期长、进入门槛明显提升，视频长度延长（接近中视频概念）。<\/p><\/section><section><img class=\"raw-image\" src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0907\/20220907637711.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><section><br\/><\/p>PGC专业生产内容模式，主要由某领域专家或者专业机构进行创作，如科普、教育类视频等，能够保证内容的专业性且更注重版权。PGC创作门槛较高，所以衍生出一些付费模式，例如会员订阅、课程及书籍销售、专家咨询、线下沙龙等。此外PGC内容一般长度较长（接近长视频概念），片中适合植入情景广告，同时接入点击类（信息流广告）广告和贴片广告（开头、中间、结尾插入广告）。<\/p><\/section><br\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><section><section>02 商业价值与竞争格局<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><br\/><\/p><section>短视频产业链成熟，主要有四个核心端：以平台端为中心，连接内容创作端、用户端、广告主\/品牌主。<\/p><br\/><\/p>头部短视频平台已跑通完整的广告营销及电商体系，创作者与平台企业在商业模式上共生发展，但在利益链条和空间上相互博弈。<\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>广告营销：<\/span>抖快等平台拥有庞大且持续的流量，平台日常负责洞察用户喜好，完成内容的引导、控制、分发和流量分配，拥有多种广告位类型优势，能够帮助品牌和产品快速提升热度，转化经济价值。<\/p>在内容创作端，自由创作者和MCN机构孵化的红人凭借其清晰的角色定位、优秀的作品、庞大的粉丝群体、良好的互动数据等资产，吸引广告主\/品牌方进行营销和广告投放，由此创作者实现流量变现。持续的优质内容和网红资源是短视频平台的核心竞争力，因而平台更倾向于“集权式”管理，而创作者为扩大影响力，迎合用户多社媒App使用习惯，通常选择多平台共同发展。但近年广告主\/品牌方与短视频平台直接合作，也正在成为一种趋势。<\/p><br\/><\/p>电商体系：<\/span>以抖音电商为例，2018年底，抖音全面开放购物车功能，支持接入第三方电商平台，包括天猫、淘宝等。2019年，抖音逐步放开直播权限，主播开播不再有粉丝人数限制。直播和购物车打通后，创作者有了更多元、更直接的变现方式。2021年抖音电商数据显示，平台上每月有超2亿条短视频、超900万场直播内容，全年共售出超100亿件商品。<\/p>上一个十年，电商满足了用户“意向—搜索—购买”的需求。而当下，抖音兴趣电商的逻辑是推动用户通过“发现—激发—购买”完成消费，平台和内容处于用户决策链上游。消费者在无明确需求时，受到博主短视频吸引，直接在博主界面完成购买，或导流至直播间，进一步激发购买意图，随即完成购买行为。同时，直播电商通过直播仓\/前置仓发货，供货速度快、减少转运分拨，结合多种手段促销帮助库存清理更加灵活，极大的满足了用户和商家的需求。<\/p><br\/><\/p>竞争格局：“两强”格局形成，视频号凭借微信生态后来居上。<\/span><\/p>近年来，短视频行业已形成抖音和快手的“两强”竞争格局。2021年12月抖音、快手两大短视频平台月活量分别为6.72亿、4.11亿，其余排名前5的同类APP也均隶属于字节系、快手系，短视频行业的双寡头格局已经确立。<\/p><br\/><\/p>此外，微信视频号背靠微信庞大的流量和熟人社交模式，成为微信生态和商业变现的重要板块。摸着抖快过河的视频号，在上线当年即推出直播带货功能。2021年又首度推出“11.11直播好物节”，截至年末，DAU(日活跃用户数量)达5亿，同比增长78%，直播带货的销售金额较年初整体增长超15倍。除电商外，21-22年视频号还打造了西城男孩演唱会（点赞1.64亿）、崔健演唱会（4600万人观看）等现象级爆点——微信先通过朋友圈广告投放，完成定向人群曝光，用户点击广告即可进入直播间观看，获得情感共鸣后又主动分享，传播效果裂变式放大。线上演唱会的获利渠道与线下基本一致但消费更为便捷，主要包括门票收入、广告赞助、周边售卖等等。<\/p><\/section><section><img class=\"raw-image\" src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0907\/20220907279131.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><br\/><\/p><section><section><br\/><\/strong><\/p>03 <\/strong>短视频行业发展趋势<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/p>趋势一：短视频仍然是主力，中长视频成为趋势；内容持续更新，视频长度延长<\/span><\/p>当前短视频内容出现同质化现象，娱乐、美食、美妆等领域已成为行业“红海”。短视频平台进入精细化运营阶段，内容2.0时代到来，各大平台均已入局中视频赛道。<\/p><\/section><section><img class=\"raw-image\" src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0907\/20220907755254.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><section>中视频时长一般≥1min，视频更专业、丰富，传达的信息更有体系化。创作者更专注于专业领域深耕，重视视频选题、内容质量，并在视频长度上做延展，力争叙事完整、表达深入、场景丰富。<\/p><br\/><\/p>从用户群体来看，中学生、大学生和白领群体更偏好中视频，因为中视频能满足其发现兴趣、学习知识、拓宽视野的需求。此外，中视频提供了粉丝和创作者之间进行知识问答、观念交流、情感互动的载体，有望成为年轻人的兴趣社交新模式。同时，内容的改革也为广告创意和品牌种草提供了更大的发挥空间，中视频正成为内容营销的新阵地。<\/p><br\/><\/p>长短视频融合发展也渐成趋势。过去10年，整个长视频赛道烧掉了超1000亿元人民币，头部“爱优腾”也陷入增长乏力的困境。而另一边，短视频平台中的影视作品解说、混剪等二次创作造成了众多版权问题，长短视频两方多次对簿公堂。转机出现在2022年初，快手与乐视达成合作，刚刚过去的7月爱奇艺和抖音也携手官宣，合作内容都涵盖长视频内容的二次创作与推广，两大阵营开始共谋发展<\/p><\/section><br\/><\/p><section>趋势二：生态融合，短视频与互联网、实体行业深度融合<\/span><\/p>● 短视频与互联网行业的融合：短视频的裙带产品不断衍生迭代，短视频+音乐、电商、资讯、社交等方面的App不断涌现，“短视频+”模式全面铺开，成为推动各行业内容传播、构建私域社群、创新营销及构建业务生态的快捷手段。<\/p><br\/><\/p>●短视频行业与其他行业的融合：例如政务领域，当前政务短视频、政务内容直播在政务消息传达和政府形象塑造等方面极大得提升了效率与关注度；互联网助农领域，前有央视主持人联合头部主播助农，后有以抖快为代表的短视频平台助力三农，对该领域用户给予流量支持，部分博主在当地有了自己的公司，持续助力乡村振兴；在文旅领域，非遗的手艺人入驻平台，传播传统文化；美景和攻略视频让小众旅行地也成为消费者新的选择，今年夏天，在短视频宣传和用户主动打卡宣传中，威海成功出圈，成为旅游热度涨幅前十城市。<\/p><\/section><section><img class=\"raw-image\" src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0907\/20220907269713.png\"\/><\/p><\/section><br\/><\/p><section>趋势三：政策监管和大众监管趋严，市场主体皆受影响<\/span><\/p>● 政策和监管趋严：近年网络视频、电商直播等监管逐步完善。2022年清朗行动重点打击直播和短视频领域乱象；整治MCN机构及其旗下账号蹭炒舆论热点、煽动情绪、利用未成年人牟利等违法违规行为；打击流量造假、虚假账号；全面规范应用程序功能运行、活动设计、内容生产等重点环节。<\/p><br\/><\/p>●大众监督：网络社媒平台赋予普通用户监督和发声渠道，近年关于平台和创作者的价值观、税务、版权等问题备受关注，各类社会事件更透明、传播更广、关注度更高。<\/p><br\/><\/p>整体来说，短视频各方参与主体皆受影响，需要平台在注重自身合规合法，履行社会责任基础上，做好对商务合作伙伴及平台创作者积极引导和监督。<\/p><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><section>04 <\/strong>结语<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section>从2011-2021，短视频行业经历了从无到有、从多到优的十年腾飞期，也逐步形成了较为鲜明的受众偏好——抖快看新鲜解压，微博看大事与文娱，B站边学习边追兴趣，小红书刷测评和攻略，视频号跟好友一起分享。短视频行业以更加开放的商业生态，推动了数字经济与实体经济的健康融合发展，也创造了更加便利、高效的商业竞合环境。<\/p><\/section><\/section>","year":"2022","fid":"82","rid":5,"type":1,"fid_json":"[\"82\"]"},{"id":43,"title":"拥抱社区养老“蓝海”，从愿景到盈利还有多远？","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1658475780,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1658480278,"update_time":1662963663,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"社区居家养老的竞争已经从之前的跑马圈地走向社区深度洞察、资源链接、成本把控和精细化服务，重点在于如何实现盈利和长远发展。未来更需以生态视角，推进社会资源整合，同时以市场化的手段和商业化的思维打磨产品和服务，在社区居民中广泛宣传，满足社区及业主的各项康养生活需求，为中国的养老事业贡献基层力量。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20220722\/20220722165853_31954.png","content":"一、中国老龄化现状<\/strong><\/span><\/p>根据2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报，全国60周岁及以上老年人口26736万人，占总人口的18.9%；全国65周岁及以上老年人口20056万人，占总人口的14.20%，65周岁以上人口位居世界第一。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0722\/20220722896465.png\" title=\"20220722896465.png\" alt=\"插图1.png\"\/><\/p>老龄化速度快，老年人口庞大；人均GDP低，未富先老：<\/span><\/strong>中国从老龄化社会步入深度老龄化社会，仅仅花费21年，而人均GDP只有1万多美元，远低于其他国家。伴随我国平均寿命增加、新生人口减少、社会抚养比降低等趋势，未来人口老龄化压力将持续加大。<\/p><br\/><\/p>二、养老需求升级，社区居家养老加速回归主导地位<\/strong><\/span><\/p>未来五年低龄康养、高龄介护、失能失智等人口结构性规模巨大，衍生消费需求潜力广阔。目前我国建设的是以居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为补充、医养结合的养老服务体系，社区居家养老加速占据主导地位。2020年养老机构数量3.8万个，同比增长11%，2021年再创新高达4万个；2020年社区养老服务机构跃升至29.1万个，同比增长76.3%，2021年继续增加，突破30万。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0722\/20220722357598.png\" title=\"20220722357598.png\" alt=\"插图2.png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>三、社区养老发展困境<\/strong><\/span><\/p>消费端：消费意识有待提升<\/span><\/p>社会的传统观念中，把老人送到机构、社区养老，会被认为是“子女不孝”，易被人说闲话。同时，我国养老体系和政策还不完善，老年人又保持着“为子女奉献一生，攒钱留给儿孙”的固有观念，在面对多元的社区养老服务时，即使有尝试的意愿，也很难做出消费决策。<\/p>供给端：顶层设计脱离实际需求；资源不足，盈利能力差，终端服务打折<\/span><\/p>社区养老机构普遍缺乏对养老需求的明确认知，想当然的设计出“难交付的好产品”，如日间托老服务看似可行，实际出现配套跟不上、消费偏高无法持续、子女难以承担早送晚接等问题。进入运营环节，民营机构及社区自身无法配备专业的养老、护理以及运营方面的专业人才，造成产品服务成本居高不下，服务质量参差不齐，无法形成与养老者之间的信任与长期服务关系；面对政府采购，存在多头上报等不规范情况。总体来说，社区养老的为老服务“最后一公里”仍难跑通，看似蓝海市场，但却走不出亏损的困境。<\/p><br\/><\/p>四、对社区养老的运营建议<\/strong><\/span><\/p>以生态化视角，搭建顶层设计，优化运营管理：以社区为依托，联合社会组织、学校、医院及医疗机构、专业护理培训学校、适老化改造企业、科技型企业、咨询公司等多元主体，开展资源合作，整体降低运营成本。<\/p>1.洞察需求<\/span>：在对社区老年人的充分调研基础上，做好养老者类型分群，如对低龄、中龄、高龄分布提供不同的解决方案；针对老年人不同的身体状况，如为健康、半失能、失能失智老人进行照料区域划分，配置专业助老员及适老化设施；研究老年人一家三代实际的养老和陪伴形式、周边老年人的收入和消费偏好，适当延申至日间照料+接送、“一老一小”双服务（如引入儿童早教），确保养老服务能交付、能落地。<\/p>2.多元服务<\/span>：通过生态联合，开发相对低成本、碎片化的各类养老服务：<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0722\/20220722351417.png\" title=\"20220722351417.png\" alt=\"插图3.png\"\/><\/p>基础服务，解决老年人的就餐、失能失智老人日间照料、健康监测、紧急救助等需求。提升层面，关注老年人精神世界，组织老年课堂，让养老者可以通过自由选课，安排规律的学习生活；设立图书阅览室、书画室、健身舞蹈室等，为养老者提供自由学习和练习场所。健康身心层面，定期组织养生讲座、心理咨询、中西医理疗、养生按摩等，为养老者带来舒适体验。从服务形式来看，运营早期建议以集中式服务为主，以达到成本控制、服务质量控制、保障收入的目的，中后期再借助较好的服务口碑和熟练度，逐渐铺开上门服务。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0722\/20220722373301.png\" title=\"20220722373301.png\" alt=\"插图4.png\"\/><\/p>3.人才吸纳<\/span>：挖掘年轻老人的人力资源潜力，东城区某驿站开展的“菜篮子”工程就是将街道、社区、驿站、外部商户、第三方社会组织、年轻老人志愿者有机整合起来，老人志愿者乐在其中，一方面发挥主动性，提高社会参与率，另一方面也减轻了运营的负担；就近招募社区待业人员，进行专业技能培训持证上岗，相对低偿服务于本社区的老年用户；吸引周边学校及妇联等社会组织主动（自愿）参与社区养老事业，丰富社区养老生活；通过与专业学校合作，推动养老从业者向专业化、年轻化发展，吸纳中、高等教育优秀毕业生，定向培养相关专业人才。<\/p>4.智慧运营<\/span>：建立社区养老服务线上平台，对参与养老的老年人进行基础信息采集，社群化管理，为老人提供线上预约、线下（社区养老场所+外部预约活动场所+居家上门）体验服务；同时采集养老者健康资料，如饮食、过敏史、病史、牙齿等个性化数据，打牢长期陪伴的基础。<\/p><br\/><\/p>结语<\/strong><\/span><\/p>社区居家养老的竞争已经从之前的跑马圈地走向社区深度洞察、资源链接、成本把控和精细化服务，重点在于如何实现盈利和长远发展。未来更需以生态视角，推进社会资源整合，同时以市场化的手段和商业化的思维打磨产品和服务，在社区居民中广泛宣传，满足社区及业主的各项康养生活需求，为中国的养老事业贡献基层力量。<\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"51","rid":3,"type":1,"fid_json":"[\"51\"]"},{"id":42,"title":"企业如何用好战略规划编制利器","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1658397960,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1658399216,"update_time":1658399216,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"笔者咨询工作实践中，发现大量的企业并不是真正理解战略规划的重要意义，常常出现把计划当规划、把指标当目标、提出“全面发展”、“全面加强”、“全面提升”等看似“正确”，但实际上与战略思想相悖的规划报告不执行倒好，真要是按此配置资源，强化执行，一定会成为企业的灾难。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20220721\/20220721182517_82202.png","content":"每隔几年，企业都会大张旗鼓地组织专家编写公司的战略规划，有些企业甚至每年都要制定一次公司的战略规划。笔者咨询工作实践中，发现大量的企业并不是真正理解战略规划的重要意义，常常出现把计划当规划、把指标当目标、提出“全面发展”、“全面加强”、“全面提升”等看似“正确”，但实际上与战略思想相悖的规划报告不执行倒好，真要是按此配置资源，强化执行，一定会成为企业的灾难。笔者结合多年咨询工作经验，对企业制定战略规划的初衷和目的进行思考，供各位企业界朋友参考。<\/p><br\/><\/p>战略规划编制的意义<\/strong><\/p>  首先，战略是关系企业生存发展的大事，战略要回答企业做什么才会有未来。在技术突飞猛进的时代，新技术和新商业模式往往会颠覆原有的行业格局，任何一家企业都没有绝对的把握可以长盛不衰。企业必须要深入研究行业发展规律，预判发展趋势，提前做出安排。特别是要对经济周期、行业周期有清醒的认识，才有可能不被时代淘汰。战略规划必须要有前瞻性！<\/p><br\/><\/p>  其次，任何企业的资源是有限的，只有选对方向，并将自身的资源投入到具备相对优势的领域，企业才有可能赢得竞争，才能维持生存和发展。没有舍弃，就谈不上战略！所谓“全面加强、全面领先”的战略目标，只能是美好的愿景，与集中兵力的战略原则格格不入！<\/p>  <\/p>  第三，战略要研究解决企业打赢的问题。外部经济环境、市场环境不断变化，企业需要不断调整竞争策略，深入研究“赢的逻辑”，才能在竞争中立于不败之地。不谈“赢的逻辑”，只关注业绩指标的战略规划往往很难落地！<\/p><br\/><\/p>  第四，战略要回答如何正确地的做事。企业的各个部门不仅要朝着同一个目标努力，而且还要按照最佳的配合节奏来努力。投入不足、拖后腿的业务会严重制约企业的发展速度、贻误商机；过度投入的业务、发展过快的机构会造成大量的资源浪费，甚至导致关键环节投入不足，造成企业竞争力下降，从而输掉竞争。因此，企业必须要进行缜密的规划，统筹企业方方面面的工作，做到最佳配置。<\/p><br\/><\/p>战略规划编制的目的<\/strong><\/p>  1、要明确企业定位，明确发展方向，明确发展目标，让所有员工知道企业要做什么、指导原则是什么、实现的目标是什么，形成企业的共同目标，凝聚共识。<\/p>  2、要梳理核心业务和非核心业务，明确做什么、不做什么；要明确企业的资源分配计划，不在非战略性机会点上，投入过多资源。<\/p>  3、要明确竞争策略，规划好实现目标的路径、打法和关键行动，为各级干部、员工指明工作的思路和方法。<\/p>  4、要分解各个条线、各个层级的目标，实现个人目标与部门目标相一致，部门目标与公司目标相一致，确保总目标的达成。同时，目标分解也为后续战略落地执行，提供了参照标准，便于执行和纠偏。<\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"36","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":""},{"id":41,"title":"企业如何安然度过一场危机","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1658303820,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1658306213,"update_time":1675151298,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"在疫情持续、经济降速、金融动荡和世界政局不稳等诸多不确定因素影响下的这场危机，企业和企业家们的今天和明天或许还会很艰难，但希望危机过后，大家仍然安好，因为我们相信，后天一定会阳光灿烂。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20220720\/20220720163127_43421.png","content":"  记得在2008年金融危机的时候，我们正为恒安集团服务一个咨询项目，在项目的启动会上，当时恒安集团的CEO许连捷就说，应对全球金融危机的最好策略就是企业变革。这句话至今在耳边回响，在此也送给各位企业家朋友们。<\/p>  新冠疫情爆发至今已经第三个年头了，目前看，这场疫情似乎短期内难以结束。尽管很多西方发达国家为了自由民主的价值观，基于自身经济状况以及抗疫失败等综合因素考虑，已经选择了躺平。但我们国家不仅取得了抗疫的胜利，而且取得了较高速的经济增长，我国对疫情防控采取了适合中国国情的“动态清零”政策。<\/p>    在国际环境动荡不安、经济下行压力持续增大、常态化防疫政策背景下，中国企业该如何应对，才能安然地度过这场疫情危机，这是摆在企业家面前必须要面对的重大战略命题和热点问题。<\/p>  针对这个热点问题，很多网红给企业家出了不少好点子和好建议，我们作为专业的企业顾问机构，想从实  践角度出发，给中国的企业家提几点可操作的建议：<\/strong><\/span><\/p>  一、不要对疫情会很快结束和国家改变“动态清零”的防疫政策抱有幻想。<\/strong><\/p>    疫情肯定会结束，但如果乐观地认为疫情很快就会结束，那对企业家和他的企业而言就非常的危险，必须有充分的思想准备和战略安排。即使认为疫情不会短时期结束，但认为中国政府会因为经济问题而改变现有的“动态清零”防疫政策，对企业家和他的企业而言同样危险。企业家把疫情及政府的疫情防控政策作为未来很长一段时间的常态，才是理性的。<\/p><br\/><\/p>  二、改变以往的经营思维，回归商业的本质，实施剩者为王的生存策略。<\/strong><\/p>    很多的企业家还停留在疫情之前的经营思维和惯性里，一方面期待疫情很快过去，另一方面还在想着市值梦想、弯道超车。往往这样的企业家和企业摔得最惨，死得最快。就如同已经进入熊市，投资者还在用牛市思维进行操作。不确定的形势下，最好的策略是活下来！等到危机过后，只有活下来的企业才有未来，否则，未来与你无关。要想活着，确保危机过后你还在，那就要回归商业的本质，拒绝浮躁、拒绝投机，用心做好产品和服务；不要冒进，量力而行；不要投机，稳中求进。<\/p><br\/><\/p>  三、创新是应对危机的最好策略，枯树前头万木春。<\/strong><\/p>    记得在2008年金融危机的时候，我们正为恒安集团服务一个咨询项目，在项目的启动会上，当时恒安集团的CEO许连捷就说，应对全球金融危机的最好策略就是企业变革。这句话至今在耳边回响，在此也送给各位企业家朋友们。企业创新分为三个方面：第一是结构性的创新，特别是商业模式的创新突破，实现企业的转型升级；第二是企业运营的创新，主要是提高运营效率，降低运营成本；第三是产品和服务的创新，主要是帮助企业突破发展瓶颈，培育新的增长动力。<\/p><br\/><\/p>  四、做好现金流管理，保持经营性现金流充裕。<\/strong><\/p>    企业家的常态化思维是，做企业要么追求利润最大，要么追求企业价值最大。在面临一场危机的时候，这样的思维方式必须要调整，这时候的企业收入规模、资产总额、增长速度、利润多少、价值大小等目标和指标都不重要，最重要的就是企业的现金流是否充裕，能否保证足够度过这场危机。企业现金流管理的模式和方法很多，充裕的现金流就是账上的资金足够多，财务费用足够低，负债率足够安全，收入支出足够稳定。所以，从现在开始，企业家就要重视企业现金流的管理，审视和评估现在的现金流状况，控制企业现金支出，做好现金流短缺时的各种预案。<\/p><br\/><\/p>  五、做好与政府、金融机构、商协会及顾问机构等的沟通，必要时寻求帮助。<\/strong><\/p>    目前政府出台了很多纾困和帮扶企业政策，尽管不一定能解决企业的难题，但也有时候也可以雪中送炭。金融机构也出台了很多纾困政策，如贷款延期、展期及减免利息等，甚至一些金融机构还可以提高贷款额度。一些商协会也可以协助会员企业相互帮扶，报团取暖。一些企业顾问机构也可以协助企业在管理创新服务方面和投融资方面提供帮助。<\/p><br\/><\/p>  六、在危机中寻找商机，寻找变危为机的契机。<\/strong><\/p>    对于上市公司而言，或许到了收购整合，获取产业资源的最好时机，也可以利用上市平台改善资产结构和现金流状况；对于投资机构而言，潮水退去后，可以找到很好的投资标的企业。对于更多的未上市中小企业而言，通过此次危机进行创新变革，强身健体，死去的那些企业让出来的市场空间就是活着的企业获取市场份额的最好机会。<\/p><br\/><\/p>总之，在疫情持续、经济降速、金融动荡和世界政局不稳等诸多不确定因素影响下的这场危机，企业和企业家们的今天和明天或许还会很艰难，但希望危机过后，大家仍然安好，因为我们相信，后天一定会阳光灿烂。<\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"100","rid":12,"type":3,"fid_json":"[\"100\"]"},{"id":40,"title":"十四五期间的汽车行业变化趋势与零部件企业的应对策略","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1651080840,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651080916,"update_time":1657794657,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"以“破局未来”为主题的汽车零部件行业论坛在苏通科技产业园区举行，来自广岛铝工业（南通）有限公司、施特万（南通）自动化机械制造有限公司、吉明美汽配（南通）有限公司、神商大阪精工（南通）有限公司等40余家企业代表参会。4位演讲嘉宾分别来自和君恒成、奇瑞捷豹路虎、上海弗吉亚、中国汽车人才研究会。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20220602\/20220602181215_91602.png","content":"<section>  2019年8月30日，以“破局未来”为主题的汽车零部件行业论坛在苏通科技产业园区举行，来自广岛铝工业（南通）有限公司、施特万（南通）自动化机械制造有限公司、吉明美汽配（南通）有限公司、神商大阪精工（南通）有限公司等40余家企业代表参会。4位演讲嘉宾分别来自和君恒成、奇瑞捷豹路虎、上海弗吉亚、中国汽车人才研究会。本次论坛由苏通园区经发局和国匠学院联合主办。<\/span><\/section><br\/><\/p><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><img class=\"rich_pages \" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/735M51ic2fPUvtvYpcvWeP3nUfjxwrNdMXF0ekgvkKYEmG1K5u51XB8FDYwDicOZlug860h7R8q84Iw5jicXRRV1w\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  和君恒成董事、副总裁、汽车事业部总经理张海滨分享了《十四五期间的汽车行业变化趋势与零部件企业的应对策略》，分别从十四五期间的汽车行业变化趋势、汽车制造业的产业支撑地位、零部件企业的转型思考三个方面展开，以下为主要演讲内容：<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><\/section><section>1<\/span><\/strong>、“十四五”时期中国经济面临四重挑战<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>国际环境变化、经济增速换挡、经济结构调整、改革难度增加。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>2<\/span><\/strong>、零部件企业在当前形势下的五大危机<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>新车市场增速放缓将成为常态、原材料价格波动影响增大、新能源汽车\/车联网政策升级加快、国际化采购及全球配套要求提升、人才流动加剧留人难题凸显。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>3<\/span><\/strong>、“十四五”时期，新科技革命驱动经济和产业变革<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>以新技术、新业态、新产业、新模式为代表的“四新”经济将成为经济转型和换道超车的驱动力。<\/span><\/section><br\/><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><li><section>“四新”经济支撑科技创新中心建设：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>以市场为导向、企业为主体，布局重大创新工程，提高科技成果转化能力、市场科技应用项目等。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><li><section>“四新”经济促进产业结构升级：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>对传统制造产业改造升级、加强企业技术改造和技术创新、数字化、智能化、绿色化制造及电子商务等新的生产经营模式。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><li><section>“四新”经济推进新兴领域发展：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>“互联网+四新”，推动产业融合发展，营造新兴产业和高技术产业氛围，抢占未来产业制高点。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><\/span><\/section><section><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><\/ul><br\/><\/p><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>4<\/span><\/strong>、全球零部件行业将呈现三大趋势<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><br\/><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><li><section>新技术的普及：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>科学技术的发展以及环保意识的增强，使得汽车零部件在制造过程中越来越多的使用先进的技术，小型化、轻量化、智能化、环保化是趋势。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><li><section>全球化趋势的加深：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>随着国家质检交往的日益密切，零部件产品的采购也开始走向全球化趋势，在世界范围内选择最合适且最有优势的零部件产品已成为常态。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><li><section>产业转移的频繁：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>随着零部件行业的竞争越来越激烈，零部件产品的生产也开始在全球范围内转移，转移的重点为发展中国家、且劳动力成本低廉的地区。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><li><section><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><\/ul><br\/><\/p><section><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>5<\/span><\/strong>、紧扣“中国制造2025”及“高质量发展”的要求和部署，中国零部件行业可以在6个方面重点寻求突破<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><br\/><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><li><section>大力发展中国品牌：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>制定和实施企业品牌战略，构建稳定可支撑持续发展的价值链盈利模式，打造世界知名品牌。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><li><section>推动低碳化、信息化、智能化发展：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>明确动力电池产业化目标和方案，加快研究燃料电池开发和商业化准备，引导商业模式创新。<\/span><\/span>加快充电基础设施建设、完善标准，实现充电设施互连互通；推进智能网联汽车发展，制定专项规划。<\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><li><section>推进“两化”融合：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>建立贯穿产品全生命周期的网络协同平台，提高数字化设计水平，强化整零协同开发，强化开发与制造、服务协同。<\/span><\/span>开发利用信息化控制和网络化管理的智能制造技术，提高生产效率和生产一致性保障能力，加快由传统制造向智能制造的升级。<\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><li><section>坚持国际化发展：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>促进合资企业向合作研发、生产转变，向国内、国际合作并重转变，向产业链高端的开发及产业化合作转变，共同推进海外市场发展。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><li><section>打造国际水平供应链：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong>支持优势零部件企业抓住低碳化、信息化、智能化发展机遇，实现向高端、高附加值零部件制造升级。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><li><section>跨产业协同发展：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>与钢铁、有色、化工、纺织、电子电气等行业加强交流与合作，加快在超高强钢、轻质合金、碳纤维、高性能动力电池隔膜等材料，电驱动控制功率器、高性能传感器、汽车专用芯片等方面形成竞争优势；加强与装备制造业协同，重点突破汽车数字化开发、智能制造核心关键装备，促进汽车与装备制造业协同发展。<\/span><\/span><\/section><\/li><\/ul>","year":"2022","fid":"52","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"50\"]"},{"id":39,"title":"2020年汽车市场发展趋势","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1651080660,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651080781,"update_time":1654165456,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"在举行的汽车市场分析（无锡）研讨会上，和君恒成董事、副总裁、汽车事业部总经理张海滨对2019年中国汽车行业的十件大事做了评述，并预判了2020年的行业发展情况。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20220602\/20220602182413_39413.png","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  在2019年11月30日举行的汽车市场分析（无锡）研讨会上，和君恒成董事、副总裁、汽车事业部总经理张海滨对2019年中国汽车行业的十件大事做了评述，并预判了2020年的行业发展情况。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/735M51ic2fPWic1aENicNQUuu70av1vOsGVT2sQicZYt2aepzvDBKqnicn44zFH1uWbGVfVaKjtcUImUP6dVXH9EicyQ\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  以下是张海滨对2020年的总体预判：<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  1<\/span><\/strong>、乘用车：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>促进汽车消费的风向不变，但基础层消费热情减弱，车型结构化升级及共享出行市场无法弥补终端销量缺口，预计2020年的乘用车销量下滑7-9%（2019年预计2100万台，2020年预计跌至1950万台），2021年开始有所回升。<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  2<\/span><\/strong>、商用车（货车）：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>基建投资持续放量，中短途短驳物流网络更加密集，虽然受公路运输管理、社会干线物流模式优化、环保控制等因素影响，但货车市场总体将在2019年下滑3%的基础上恢复增长2-3%。不容忽视的是国家将对长途公路货运出台管理限制，我们预测2020年重卡微跌1%（伴随着集中度提升），微卡和中卡持平，轻卡增长3%。<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  3<\/span><\/strong>、商用车（客车）：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>虽然受到高铁线路加密、团体出行意愿减弱的冲击，但公交电动化加速、公务租赁市场升温、出口市场看好，在2015年到2019年连续5年下滑的基础上，2020年客车销量将止跌回升，增长3-4%。<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  4<\/span><\/strong>、新能源汽车：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>2019年还剩最后一个月，全年销量不会超过125万台。从保有量目标达成情况看，2019年6月全国新能源汽车保有量344万辆，年底将超过400万台，2020年可以完成保有量500万台的目标，所以不会在十三五最后一年追求上量，转为抓配套设施建设和产品工艺品质管理。2020年预计销量不超过130万台，生产资质由事先审批改为事中事后监管，一批有资质无能力的企业将迅速失去控制权，有研发和生产能力的传统车企将重新占据行业上风。<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  5<\/span><\/strong>、二手车：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>2019年上半年交易量686万台（同比增长4%），与新车占比超过55%（2018年为49%），5月份在10个省市试点二手车出口业务，2020年将提速，出口数量达到百万量级，重点目的国：东南亚、中东、俄罗斯，同时带动二手车延保、二手车金融、二手车整备、旧车拆解、零部件再制造等业务的成长空间与速度。2020年二手车交易量预计将超过1500万台。<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  6<\/span><\/strong>、零部件：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>受整车行业两位数下滑、整车厂加重年降幅度的双重影响，2019年零部件行业的产值下滑超过20%（存在一定数量下滑30%以上的企业），随着2020年行业深化结构调整，零部件企业的并购浪潮到来，将出现明显的集团化、规模化、品牌化发展趋势。有技术和人才溢出能力、有同步开发能力的企业将获得持续性发展空间，暂时有成本优势但由于技术无法同步从而缺少后续车型订单的企业，将无法取得规模效应，从而失去成本优势。<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">7<\/span><\/strong>、后市场：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>2019年国家对汽车改装、汽车回收与拆解、二手车限迁、汽车赛事等方面都做了政策上的松绑，2020年仍将继续增加政策鼓励，在汽车金融、社会化维修可追溯管理、配件统一编码、职业教育、二手车鉴定与交易等方面将有重要制度出台。<\/span><\/span><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"49\"]"},{"id":38,"title":"2020，企业发展的六大关键词","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1651080480,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651080704,"update_time":1654165793,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"2020年是我国十三五的收官之年，我国经济进入增长动能转换的关键时期，不确定性因素仍然较高，经济下行的压力很大，经济低速增长，很多行业面临从增量发展转向存量竞争，粗放式发展将不复存在，每一个企业都将面临前所未有的压力，如何思考企业的发展规划？如何找到突破点？如何凸显比较优势？需要关注以下六个关键词。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20220602\/20220602182917_28057.png","content":"<section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  2020年是我国十三五的收官之年，我国经济进入增长动能转换的关键时期，不确定性因素仍然较高，经济下行的压力很大，经济低速增长，很多行业面临从增量发展转向存量竞争，粗放式发展将不复存在，每一个企业都将面临前所未有的压力，如何思考企业的发展规划？如何找到突破点？如何凸显比较优势？需要关注以下六个关键词。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">1、培育<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  我国十四五期间主要的挑战就是要把新一代产业培育和发展起来，来承接和担负我国未来经济增长的使命，对很多传统企业来讲，同样要思考如何培育新产业和新的增长动能问题。目前形势下，很多企业感到日子不好过、市场不景气，有些是企业自身的管理问题，有些是行业状况造成的，行业的发展阶段和现状制约着企业的生存和发展，在行业快速成长期，很多企业都是顺风顺水成长的，行业处于成熟期或衰退期时，整个产业的利润大幅度下降，企业自身必须从行业和商业模式上寻找出路。企业要重点关注“三新经济”，即新产业、新业态和新模式，以高端生活服务业、高端生产服务业和战略性产业为转型升级的方向。 <\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">2、回归<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  有两个层面的意思，一是企业的发展要回归主业，也就是逆多元化经营趋势，前些年很多企业并购扩张态势明显，但在目前经济形势和市场环境下，企业更多需要思考通过兼并、分拆的方式，对企业内的枝节行业出售、关闭，腾出更多的资源，发展公司的主营业务，潍柴的谭旭光一直强调潍柴成功的经验就是心无旁骛攻主业，对很多多元扩张的企业是个很好的警示；二是企业的一切行为要回归产品，好产品是企业生存和发展的基石, 真正的好产品，一定基于满足用户需求的痛点，一切以市场需求和消费者体验为导向，创新的出发点一定是从产品出发再回归产品本质，价格回归价值，产品回归体验，在新形势下，很多企业都在思变,其实回归有可能就是最好的变化。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>3、聚焦<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  对目前国内大多企业来讲，在行业竞争日趋激烈的前提下，如何充分利用既有的资源，确定合理的资源组合，以达到资源增值的效果，应成为首要思考的战略问题，集中配置资源，正是解决这一战略问题所必须遵守的原则。看似简单的“集中原理”是一切竞争性领域中获胜的秘密，蓝彻斯特法则就是弱者的聚焦思维模式，力量和资源的平均化使用在企业经营中是兵家大忌，那只会导致平庸，在激烈的市场竞争中，惟有在某方面建立与众不同的特色和优势，始能保证成功，即使对于在整体实力上处于劣势的弱者，也应该“扬长避短”，力争在局部环节和领域建立相对优势，许多国际著名企业都曾成功地运用过聚焦策略，日本企业采用这一策略在进入美国市场时几乎是无坚不摧。未来会有更多地企业在细分领域脱颖而出，客户细分、市场细分，渠道细分、功能细分等等，围绕着战略方向，在一个赛道上，把自己擅长的事情做专、做深、做到壁垒足够强。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0602\/20220602713538.jpg\" title=\"20220602713538.jpg\" alt=\"003.jpg\"\/><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>4、平台<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  未来的企业会出现两种存在形式，一种是平台型企业形式，另一种是被平台企业化形式。随着人工智能、大数据、物联网等技术的方兴未艾，很多行业都陆续显现出一些平台化、生态化的企业，将触及和改变传统企业“成本高、效率低”的环节，为转型升级减负，为企业发展赋能，电商平台、共享平台、集采平台、信息平台等等，提高了社会资源的利用率，为平台两端的参与者创造价值；目前盛行的合伙制模式也是企业走向平台化的一种手段，在企业发展的路上，遇到志同道合的人，遇到“同呼吸共命运”的合伙人，共建“命运共同体“，实现平台和人才的相生互动，促进企业的快速发展，实现合作共赢。在竞争越来越激烈的大环境下，平台的价值将越来越有价值，也会有越来越多的企业加入到生态平台化的模式中来。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>5、整合<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  从宏观层面来讲，各行业的整合将加剧，整合来自于三方面的推动力，一是政府国资推动下的区域产业整合，二是由于经济增速放缓趋势，市场倒逼行业的整合，三是在资本推动下的产业并购，整合的目的源于业务互补、业务延伸、强强联合或发育新的业务；从微观层面来讲，企业自身也面临资源的整合，或是源于产业链上下游客户资源的整合，或是基于报团取暖式的合作伙伴整合，或是源于企业自身的业务整合、产品整合、市场整合、资金整合、人员整合等等，一方面向外开放式地整合需要的资源，一方面向内收缩式地整合自身资源，重点发力。<\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>6、人才<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  人是企业最大的财富，人力成本也是企业最大的成本，团队综合能力的提升是企业快速发展的牵引和保障，在目前的经济形式下，谁拥有人才队伍优势，谁就拥有了竞争优势，人才培养及团队建设对于企业的发展至关重要，企业一方面要制定科学合理的激励机制和晋升机制，拓宽选人用人渠道，把企业需要的高素质人才引进来，另一方面要建立培训体系，注重内部员工的培养，提升整体素质和技能，加强文化认同，注重新员工的入职培训和针对部门岗位和职级的分级培训，通过导入培训积分管理机制将培训工作作为员工绩效、薪酬、晋升等的考核标准，真正推动企业的人才培养与梯队建设。<\/p><\/section><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":1,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"56\"]"},{"id":37,"title":"十四五规划准备之年，地方GDP的提升举措【工业篇】","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1651080360,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651080506,"update_time":1654166319,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"对地方政府而言，今年的GDP任务目标确实非常艰巨，既要脱贫攻坚，又要启动新五年规划，正常的经济社会发展受到疫情较大冲击。面对相应的问题和挑战，我们就当前形势下地方政府如何提升工业产值提出一些发展建议，供相关决策者和研究者参考。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20220602\/20220602183309_58430.jpg","content":"前言<\/strong><\/p>  对地方政府而言，今年的GDP任务目标确实非常艰巨，既要脱贫攻坚，又要启动新五年规划，正常的经济社会发展受到疫情较大冲击。面对相应的问题和挑战，我们就当前形势下地方政府如何提升工业产值提出一些发展建议，供相关决策者和研究者参考。<\/p><br\/><\/p>    近日，习近平赴武汉考察，并就当前形势指出：“经过艰苦努力，湖北和武汉疫情防控形势发生积极向好变化，取得阶段性重要成果。”，这释放了一个积极的信号，预示着我国国内的疫情防控形势将持续向好、生产生活秩序将加快恢复。经济发展将进入“后疫情”时期。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0602\/20220602705883.jpg\" title=\"20220602705883.jpg\" alt=\"004.jpg\"\/><\/p>    按照2月23日中央关于统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作部署会议精神，各级党委和政府要强化“六稳”举措，加大政策调节力度，努力实现今年经济社会发展目标任务。<\/p><br\/><\/p>    对地方政府而言，今年的任务目标非常艰巨，既是脱贫攻坚的收关之年，又是启动十四五规划的准备之年。尽管经济社会受疫情较大冲击，既定的经济发展目标仍要努力实现。和君恒成县域经济研究团队有着多年服务地方政府经验，我们将针对地方政府就当前形势下如何提升工业产值的问题提出一些发展建议，供相关决策者和研究者参考。<\/p><br\/><\/p>1、全面评估，深度挖潜<\/span><\/p>    首先，全面评估现有工业企业，深度寻找挖潜和扩产的空间，这是第一步。唯有如此，才能有针对性地为地方企业提供一对一个性化帮扶，帮企业做大销量和产值。找准企业的问题所在，也才好嫁接外在的管理、营销、人才、资本等方面的资源和能力，才能帮助现有工业企业提升产值规模。<\/p><br\/><\/p>2、遵从市场规律，引导小企业升规纳限入统<\/span><\/p>    当下部分产业已经发展进入到整合阶段，可根据产业发展规律，整合规下体量小的中小工业企业，依托平台公司、母子公司、集团公司等组织形式，新增工业企业规模和产值，争取在规模和体量整合的基础上，创新商业模式和企业盈利模式，推动产业升级，寻找新的产值和销售增量。<\/p><br\/><\/p>3、切分产业链条，推行新激励机制，激活内部生产力<\/span><\/p>    如果第二条建议是集小成大的话，本条建议则是化整为零。根据工业企业产业链条进行切分，成立多个独立法人主体，推行新的合伙人激励机制或者内部独立结算的阿米巴模式，实现各环节的统计核算，实现产值的增长和规模的扩大。当然，这其中会产生交易税费成本，这部分可考虑奖励与返还。<\/p><br\/><\/p>4、整合地方资源，做大城投平台<\/span><\/p>    整合城投平台公司资源，注入地方城市建设、水电气、城市道路、交通运输、市政管网、产业牌照等政府资源，升级平台公司评级等级，争取各级低息贷款、财政补贴、产业重大项目扶持等资源支持，针对地方有潜力的产业成立产业基金，自主构建地方国有产业经营主体，采用混合模式参与市场经营和运作，投资建设重大项目，推动工业产值和销售规模壮大。城投平台可发挥的作用很大，具体内容我们会另行文章阐述。<\/p><br\/><\/p>5、利用好最新产业政策，推动招商引资<\/span><\/p>    研究一带一路、自贸区最新政策，以及中央部署的包括 5G、特高压、城际高速铁路和城际轨道交通、新能源汽车充电桩、大数据中心、人工智能、工业互联网、物联网等领域新基建工作，结合当地税收优惠、水电气人工等生产成本要素资源、市场增长空间等优势，吸引外部投资，大力推动工业企业招商引资，引进龙头企业。 <\/p><br\/><\/p>    除以上相对具体的举措以外，有的地方政府也可以结合实际灵活运用离岸产业园、代加工等创新模式来有效引吸各类生产要素和先进生产力，有效提升地方工业产值。<\/p><br\/><\/p>    正如我们研究过往所能看到一样，每一次危机过后，新企业、新行业、新模式就会历经洗礼而突起，相信疫情终将过去，而机会总是留给不懈努力的人。<\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":1,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"55\",\"54\"]"},{"id":36,"title":"国有科技型企业如何建立有效的中长期激励机制","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651044780,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651080343,"update_time":1651080343,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"  如何建立合理、高效的中长期激励机制，一直都是国有企业深化改革领域中最受关注的一个问题。解决好激励问题，不仅能够直接促进企业核心人员的热情与创造力，更能够帮助实现企业业务的高质量、高水平发展。<\/p><br\/><\/p>第一部分——导言：为什么要建立中长期激励机制？<\/strong><\/p>  从社会与产业层面看，根据国家统计局与2019年全国科技工作会议的数据：2018年我国研发经费支出为19657亿元，稳居世界第二（美国位列第一35375亿元，日本位列第三11457亿元）。同时，按折合全时工作量计算，我国研发人员总量为419万人年，连续六年总量全球第一，但我国科技成果转化率不足30%（发达国家一般为60%-70%）、科技进步对经济增长的贡献率约为58.5%（发达国家一般为70%）、核心技术与关键技术上对外依存度约为50%（发达国家一般为30%）<\/p>  从企业层面看，国家电网能源研究院在2016年对国有企业的一项调查结果显示：超过50%的被调查企业认为“科技人员创新积极性不强，是国企创新发展存在的突出问题”，约85%的被调查企业认为“国企的技术创新受工资总额的束缚，薪酬福利不具市场竞争力，难以对科技人员实施有效激励”<\/p>  另一方面，据国资委研究中心统计，截至2018年底：已有24家央企所属科技型企业的104个激励方案进入实施阶段，30家企业已经完成首批激励兑现，其利润总额和净利润分别达到增幅41.6%和45.6%。10家中央试点企业2018年利润总额平均增幅26%，以中国电子科技集团的海康威视为例，2001年底，中国电子科技集团公司52所成立了海康威视，近年来海康探索多种中长期激励工具，实现了业务的长足发展：2012年起开始实施限制性股票激励计划，目前已经实施第四期，2015年又建立了核心员工跟投创新业务机制，截至2019年5月已成立8家创新业务子公司；根据2018年报数据，上市八年来，公司总资产增长9.7倍，收入增长13.8倍，净利润增长10.8倍，股价最高涨幅10.8倍；从2001年公司刚成立时的默默无闻，到2019年营收577.5亿元（2019年海康威视业绩快报数据），连续七年蝉联全球视频监控行业全球第一、拥有全球视频监控市场份额的22.6%，当前市值超过3000亿元。<\/p>  近年来的国有企业激励机制实践说明，运用好中长期激励政策，建立有效的中长期激励机制，可以帮助国有企业深挖潜能，多层次、全方位地激发活力。尤其对于科技型企业来说，正如华为在其基本法中所提到的“知识是企业的核心资源与价值创造的主导因素，应主张给创造价值的知识劳动更合理的回报，我们主张通过知识资本化来实现知识的价值”，而建立中长期激励机制是知识资本化的主要途径。<\/p><br\/><\/p>第二部分——激励路径与政策脉络<\/strong><\/p>一、国有企业如何开展中长期激励？<\/span><\/p>  目前，结合相关部门出台的制度与政策可以看出，作为国有企业开展中长期激励有以下三种路径：<\/p>    ①国有控股上市企业——进行股权激励：主要依据为《国有控股上市公司（境外、境内）实施股权激励试行办法》、《上市公司股权激励管理办法》；<\/p>    ②国有混合制企业——进行员工持股激励：主要依据为《关于国有控股混合所有制企业开展员工持股试点的意见》（简称133号文）<\/p>    ③国有科技型企业——进行股权、分红权激励：主要依据为《国有科技型企业股权和分红激励暂行办法》（简称4号文）其中，形式最丰富、政策支持最充分的是国有科技型企业进行股权、分红权激励。<\/p><br\/><\/p>二、国有科技型企业中长期激励——政策脉络 <\/span><\/p>1996年，全国人大常委发布《中华人民共和国促进科技成果转化法》，提出“促进科技成果转化为现实生产力，规范科技成果转化活动，加速科学技术进步，推动经济建设和社会发展”，从这开始不断探索科技成果转化的激励机制，国企成为最重要的试验田<\/p><br\/><\/p>1999年，国务院发布《关于加强技术创新、发展高科技、实现产业化的决定》，提出“允许和鼓励技术、管理等生产要素参与收益分配，在高新技术企业试点股份奖励科技人员和经营管理人员”，更鲜明地提出了股份奖励的激励措施<\/p><br\/><\/p>2002年，财政部、科技部发布《关于国有高新技术企业开展股权激励试点工作的指导意见》，提出“在国有高新技术企业试点股权激励方式”，明确了奖励股权(份)、股权(份)出售、技术折股等股权激励方式<\/p><br\/><\/p>2009年，国务院发布《关于同意支持中关村科技园区建设国家自主创新示范区的批复》，同意支持中关村科技园区实施股权激励等试点工作，此后，试点政策陆续推广到武汉东湖、上海张江等国家自主创新示范区及安徽合芜蚌等自主创新综合试验区<\/p><br\/><\/p>2010年，在大范围试点股权激励取得良好促进效果后，国资委发布《关于在部分中央企业开展分红权激励试点工作的通知》，提出“在中国核工业等13家央企试点分红权激励，采取岗位或项目收益分红”，自此正式开启了国有企业分红权激励的试点。<\/p><br\/><\/p>2016年，基于前期中关村园区股权激励试点、部分央企分红权激励试点，财政部、科技部和国资委联合发布《国有科技型企业股权和分红激励暂行办法》（4号文），正式确定股权、分红权两类激励手段，明确5种激励措施，并确定适用企业范围与具体实施条件。随后，又发布《关于完善股权激励和技术入股有关所得税政策的通知》，对激励对象的税收作出优惠支持。并在《关于实行以增加知识价值为导向分配政策的若干意见》中，提出“对于接受企业、其他社会组织委托的横向委托项目，允许项目承担单位和科研人员通过合同约定知识产权使用权和转化收益，探索赋予科研人员科技成果所有权或长期使用权”<\/p><br\/><\/p>2018年，国务院印发《关于优化科研管理提升科研绩效若干措施的通知》，提出“开展赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点”，从落实情况看，目前部分省市和高校院所已启动相关探索和试点工作同年，财政部、科技部、国资委联合出台《关于扩大国有科技型企业股权和分红激励暂行办法实施范围等有关事项的通知》，将国有科技型中小企业、国有控股上市公司所出资的各级未上市科技子企业、转制院所企业投资的科技企业纳入激励实施范围，对国家认定的高新技术企业不再做研发指标要求<\/p><br\/><\/p>2019年，国务院印发《改革国有资本授权经营体制方案的通知》，提出“授权国有资本投资运营公司子企业开展股权激励，创业企业可开展跟投模式，并支持采用股票增值权、分红权等方式开展股权激励，股权激励预期收益作为投资性收入，不与其薪酬总水平挂钩”，同时，国资委印发《国务院国资委授权放权清单（2019）》，提出“科技型子企业股权和分红激励方案，不受当年本单位工资总额限制”并发布《关于进一步做好中央企业控股上市公司股权激励工作有关事项的通知》，提出“支持国有企业借助科创板实施股权激励”<\/p><br\/><\/p>2020年，习近平主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第十二次会议通过《赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点实施方案》（正式文件未发布），基于对国有科技型企业激励政策的长期跟踪，笔者预测本次政策会对当前存在的科技成果的权属问题与价值评估问题作出政策层面的建议，并将完善科技、财政、税务、知识产权等相关部门的工作与合作机制，在建立和完善实施主体内部管理制度上作出进一步的规范，随着国有企业深化改革的推进、国有科技型企业对中长期激励机制的实践与试点，政策层面正在提出更多途径、作出更大授权。<\/p><br\/><\/p>第三部分——中长期激励模式与设计要点<\/strong><\/p>一、国有科技型企业中长期激励——模式介绍<\/span><\/p>目前已有政策明确建议或开展区域试点的工具是以下两类，共10种：<\/p>股权类（5种）<\/p>股权期权<\/p>股权奖励 <\/p>员工持股 <\/p>项目跟投<\/p>股权出售<\/p><br\/><\/p>分红类（5种）<\/p>业绩奖金<\/p>超额利润分享<\/p>项目收益分红<\/p>岗位分红<\/p>虚拟股权<\/p><br\/><\/p>股权期权<\/p>  激励对象有未来某一时段购买股权的权利，根据缴纳出资额得到股权。一般应用在人力资本依附性较强的企业或发展阶段，较适合互联网企业、初创企业。需要注意的是根据规定大、中型国有科技型企业不能实施股权期权激励，小微、初创型国有企业也倾向选择高层管理者作为期权的激励对象。典型的案例是上海硅产业集团超200名员工带期权上市，使其成为科创板首家带期权上市企业，也是中国证券市场首家带期权上市企业。<\/p><br\/><\/p>股权奖励<\/p>  激励对象基于一定条件以相对优惠的价格出资购买公司股权，公司也可“免费”配股。股权奖励更常见的形式是限制性股票，上市公司常常使用，非上市公司也可实施。比较著名的案例是中国联通进行混改时，在引入腾讯、百度、京东、阿里等投资者同时，对7000多名核心员工进行了限制性股票激励计划。<\/p><br\/><\/p>员工持股<\/p>  激励对象出资购买本公司部分或全部股权，委托员工持股会（或委托第三者，一般为金融机构）作为社团法人托管运作，集中管理。员工持股试点单位也可进行其他股权激励方式，但因激励标的都为股权，不能同时进行。2016年，国务院国资委在中央企业三级公司以下选择了10家企业开展员工持股试点工作，包括宁夏神耀科技有限公司（筹）、中国电器科学研究院有限公司、欧冶云商股份有限公司、上海泛亚航运有限公司、中国茶叶有限公司、中外运化工国际物流有限公司、中节能大地环境修复有限公司、中材江西电瓷电气有限公司、建研软件有限公司（筹）、中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司。<\/p><br\/><\/p>项目跟投<\/p>  企业提供业务、产品、项目等可独立核算的经营体，由参与决策、运营的员工与企业一起共同投资该经营体。跟投属于相对新的激励方式，高度绑定了核心人员与项目，在保护国有资产的同时，能够推动国企的持续创新。典型案例就是文章开篇提到的海康威视。<\/p><br\/><\/p>股权出售<\/p>  激励对象出资购买公司股权，属于传统基本无个性化操作规则。<\/p><br\/><\/p>业绩奖金<\/p>  以业绩评判作为激励员工的依据，根据约定向员工支付奖金。<\/p><br\/><\/p>超额利润分享<\/p>  建立一个中长期利润奖金池，每年根据净利润的完成情况，奖金池可增可减。在民企，业绩奖金和超额利润分享是比较常见的激励方式；在国企，2019年国务院国有企业改革领导小组第二次会议审议通过“深圳‘综改试验’ 探索运用超额利润分享、中长期业绩奖金等方式建立长效激励约束机制”。<\/p><br\/><\/p>项目收益分红<\/p>  在职务科技成果完成、转化后，按照约定的方式、数额和时限进行收益分享。在实施过程中具体指标值的设置仍存在难点，相关政策规定也较为宽泛。具体实施路径在《赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点实施方案》正式发布后会更明晰。<\/p><br\/><\/p>岗位分红<\/p>  以企业经营收益为标的，按岗位在科技成果产业化中的重要性和贡献确定分红标准，因岗而奖。岗位分红可覆盖的范围较广，若想更大程度地体现激励性企业需要在设计时考虑岗位价值差异、人员能力差异等。<\/p><br\/><\/p>虚拟股权<\/p>  激励对象可以凭虚拟股份领取一部分的公司盈利分红或对应的股票增值权。华为的TUP（时间单元计划）属于虚拟股权激励，但这种方式与其他激励方式一样，并不会适用于每一家企业，它对企业的盈利能力、约束机制成熟程度有较高的要求。<\/p><br\/><\/p>  概括来说，股权类激励适用于初创期、成长期的企业，强调与员工做更长期的绑定，倾向于在不确定的环境中多方共担风险与利益；分红类激励适用于处于成长、成熟阶段的非上市企业，对企业的盈利能力提出了更高的要求，其适用业务相对确定、稳定，也因属于当期支付的奖励而有更清晰、更现实的业绩指标要求。<\/p><br\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>二、如何确定适合的中长期激励计划？<\/span><\/p>十种模式各有适用场景，国有科技型企业在选择激励模式时除了要符合政策明文规定的指标与要求外，笔者建议还需从以下四个角度进行综合考量：<\/p>需考量的 “四个维度”<\/p>1、企业（或业务）属于哪个行业领域？<\/p>所处行业的资本密度、所处阶段、发展要素都影响激励计划的确定。不同行业领域的企业资产盘子不同，资本密集型或者高固定资产投资的领域如果选择项目跟投、员工持股的方式对激励对象的激励作用将很小；利润不高或产业已经处于完全竞争的领域，如果选择期权或者超额利润分享的方式对员工的激励作用有限，而选择分红类的激励方式则会对企业的持续经营造成损伤。<\/p><br\/><\/p>2、企业（或业务）现在处于哪个阶段？<\/p>企业当下的盈利能力、未来的成长空间、业务的发展规划等同样影响激励计划的确定。初创期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期以上内容的特点完全不同，而这会影响到激励工具的选择。通常，初创企业或新业务的盈利能力不足、收入规模的增长更为重要，同时对员工激励的支付能力非常有限甚至业务发展上还需要进行融资，因此，这时常常会通过期权、项目跟投等方式进行激励。而当企业产生稳定盈利后，为刺激员工进一步提升经营业绩，在财务条件允许的情况下则可以采取岗位分红、超额利润分享、业绩奖金等方式。<\/p><br\/><\/p>3、激励目的是什么？<\/p>企业发展需要融资本、融智力、融资源，吸收目的的不同、绑定时长的不同、文化导向的不同，也都影响激励计划的设计。虽然都是激励工具但是不同的工具有其不同的效果，有的核心在于能够将激励对象留在企业更久，比如虚拟股权、股权奖励通常都把兑现时间拉长到3年、5年，或者员工持股、项目跟投不仅可以长时间地把员工与企业的风险、利益捆绑在一起，还可从员工处获得融资；有的核心在于促进激励对象当期能实现更好的业绩，比如业绩奖金、超额利润分享、项目收益分红、岗位分红，就是把企业的损益与员工个人的得失紧密联系在一起。<\/p><br\/><\/p>4、激励对象是谁？<\/p>不同的激励对象对企业的贡献程度、贡献阶段不同，其自身具备的支付能力、对激励计划的接受度也不同，从而影响了激励计划的设计。企业的资源能力各异，促进企业发展的因素也大相径庭，有的企业看重的是管理、有的企业核心的是技术、有的企业需要的是知识，发展因素不同激励对象便不同，采取的激励工具也就有所差异。一般，技术岗位可采取项目收益分红、岗位分红、项目跟投等，管理岗位偏向采用股权期权、股权奖励等。<\/p><br\/><\/p>三、需确定的 “七个要素”<\/span><\/p>01 定目的。<\/p>结合企业现状与发展需求，确定激励目的。<\/p><br\/><\/p>02 定对象。<\/p>确定激励范围与准入条件，从而确定激励名单。一般准入条件会从层级、职位类别、司龄、业绩考核等方面考量。<\/p><br\/><\/p>03 定方式。<\/p>结合激励目的、激励对象，选择合适的激励工具，并确定实施过程可能产生的运作方式。比如，股权奖励、员工持股等工具会涉及到设立持股平台、行权支付来源、员工资金来源等，项目跟投也会涉及设立跟投平台。<\/p><br\/><\/p>04 定额度。<\/p>确定激励数量，股权类激励工具会涉及到。基于实施主体的资产或股本等基数，结合激励对象数量，考虑激励力度，确定激励数量或比例，也需要考虑估值与行权价格的安排。<\/p><br\/><\/p>05 定条件。<\/p>确定兑现激励的约束条件，通常会从公司的经营业绩与特定类别指标、个人绩效或产出上做双重限制。<\/p><br\/><\/p>06 定收益。<\/p>对收益分配做各种可能性预测，并确定收益分配机制。一般权益类激励工具可直接根据激励对象所占比例从股权的增值权、分红权的角度进行收益分配。现金类激励工具需要对公司的过往经营数据与财务指标进行分析，确定合理的收益分配。建议在方案设计时做多种情况的收益预测，避免出现激励力度不当，同时也要考虑内部公平性与外部竞争性。<\/p><br\/><\/p>07 定机制。<\/p>为了体现中长期激励的作用需要从支付安排上进行机制的设计，如股权类的等待期、行权期的安排，以及现金类的递延支付的设计。同时，企业实施中长期激励前，需对管理机制、变更与退出机制、组织保障等进行明确。<\/p><br\/><\/p>第四部分——趋势展望<\/strong><\/p>  从国企“双百”行动的角度看， 2020年是实现“在国有企业改革重要领域和关键环节取得决定性成果”的重要节点，薪酬激励则是“双百”企业的焦点问题之一。从发布的一系列文件可以看出，国资委鼓励所有入围企业，选择一种或多种中长期激励工具，针对高管、科研人员、技术骨干等不同群体，建立起风险共担、利益共享的中长期激励机制。<\/p>  从国有企业完善市场化经营机制的范畴看，建立激励与约束机制是落实企业市场化微观主体地位的体现，也是我国国有企业构建现代化的管理体系的必然趋势。但从防止国有资产流失的角度，既需要履行出资人责任的企业在激励与约束中寻求平衡，又需要实施主体从激励工具选择与约束要求上做更深入的思考，从而不仅用好用足中长期激励政策更真正地促进业务发展、激发企业活力。<\/p>  在国有科技型企业实施中长期激励中，目前还存在的影响操作实施的问题在于科技成果的权属与作价问题，还需政策层面的进一步澄清。随着国有企业深化改革的推进、国有科技型企业对中长期激励机制的实践与试点，政策层面也在提出更多途径、作出更大授权，笔者相信如此丰富多元的激励工具也必将更大范围地推广开来。<\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"70\"]"},{"id":35,"title":"2019煤化工行业发展研究报告——行业概览与展望篇","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651044660,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651044786,"update_time":1651044786,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  发展现代煤化工行业<\/strong>符合我国“富煤、贫油、少气<\/strong><\/span>”的资源现状，是煤炭资源富集区域和传统煤化工企业高质量发展与转型升级的重要举措之一，而如何把握行业大势、实现高质量发展是不少地方政府与行业主管单位、行业研究人员和煤化工企业各级领导关注的核心问题。<br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  本报告从行业整体趋势判断、行业未来发展探索、产品和市场情况、行业内标杆企业的优秀经验和行业的上下游供应链情况五大方面展开研究，紧抓行业“产销两端和运营效率提升”为研究主线，通过大量<\/span>资料分析与研读，形成核心观点，旨在对行业2020年的发展有理性客观的判断。本文收录了报告的前两步部分，即行业概览与展望篇<\/strong><\/span>，<span style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">后续还将继续发布本研究报告的其他部分，包括<span style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">产品市场篇、运营实践篇、供给分析篇<\/strong><\/span>，敬请期待。<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  希望本报告能够对关注煤化工行业发展的政府与行业主管单位、煤化工企业管理人员、行业研究人员以及其他对煤化工感兴趣的同事们起到借鉴意义和作用。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" 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color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWicVjFVnTzFNn03UdcBbeC7ibwYCEzcdTlscehb7HZryLpTy9wVuwHiaog\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p 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rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWb97I7vgfgcomNMD0nptu5gDGC0ZaU3adBXSm0hZ01WQC15QWy338jA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWmnB87bkxgbfnmJVmbatJFaOjNRRocZtGmj8cBibicEVySoib2cKT3dr0g\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWe62pEWb4SibQicYMESbEop2dDwpQ8nRNicd6ibcCFhGQAVgibX6M5g60oJg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWicDBXnzXXibFSa0XABKxV0iciaUK5cPM8THgCvGkoHVxN5IT9SibLdYQNIA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWjWWxGlPTXsyTxxbYgzjKL5x6n8P5ZBzn2nbIZ19Os17yiaSE3k7d0zw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWX0mbLMMIuT7lDc5pePias7JgLGunSiaskn9QicEBBN2UcHoCbpicnRp4Zw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWGmiamnJIBkuAf9hE8DiaqGsxPG6dj2xaXrxwZyNyriaBPlibTZfdU2oLdA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KDHytHQdP01kjWchOYOxD20LfgM2xLyqiauFO4pVqECJ7svmv2nDM9tgkiaKpDzRXZ8zE9rjpxgEhbQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KDrCh8roUxibAr8ibyvRYWOUDDneBmPBk0SaWLME2eW8icO95p8icdWhEw86NQjxzdTWJHgSXNibbwLgEw\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWCCQCK79jJHYd2GDZgsdpOUZTglafyA1dLWjibZTDRZDh5wgXUUhPTNw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWKGpqicXiatebjL1GR38yaynhvnU5B997AWMpwNoqUHd5w4LWzCBt4ZLw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWLyhLjsBT8sbEKaslFeGU24nIzJ5UPv0q3aibS2iae2Wv6HKicbFQqIKiaA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWvZd1T9oDXKiaBN0xeGTZAUzfiapyofib37UdTYibeZWCxUfMsvpkXJOzQQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMW75NgibiaG3YEkjwpvH7A76oJE1wiaCib0taSIBvDz72frYE5ZlePCP09yg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMWLFRgkiaLzD8Z5J9V5rmMvrric5PejyDn8505iaHQiafwRCMW1OeKFEeibJw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAsVZZNFl2Aic98CwO1OJYMW7Ndicl7ULvNln356ibHIE6yFwicf73chxoicY3uNVm5jCAXrE4yErKIIIg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KDHytHQdP01kjWchOYOxD20tI3251trkptexR3rlyiavh45wfia3icHBTfeT8Nd11tgfgNUFgJTlCEOg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"38\"]"},{"id":34,"title":"煤化工行业发展研究报告——产品市场篇","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651044540,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651044645,"update_time":1651044645,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"  上期《煤化工行业发展研究报告——行业概览与展望篇》主要关注了行业整体趋势判断、行业未来发展探索等方面的核心问题。本期《煤化工行业发展研究报告——产品市场篇》将重点关注子类产品的市场研究内容。后续还将继续发布本研究报告的其他部分，包括运营实践篇、供给分析篇等，敬请期待。<\/span><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8uzWjbftf28NBx1OHkOMXwK6NSicMx5bxQMz1C8x8uysfBwicnoEcR0Lw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8RpHozAiaWtMHKBzMWPNgc85gGibmesRt24G0FXEWtrcdzGrYWgG2UvuA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8n6fG9RiaZQxPgx4ZHxBoAM7XXbcnalEurHN8M30VZIQvG1coE2v3Mew\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8PdmbrWWlwwr3kCINwF7FE9ubhhIJYUE4R75cibZticwUFyMicqDYaAK9A\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8MX1MOHXk4YAsy4znPibSkxkhHv0yeert0GfY0Q4nYh3WoWslIpic5xaA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS86mMm8zKh8icKTTKRF4joLicxCQuTf4wz9cKzRmXxU1X6LTeCEPeG95Cw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8CNcicSTGlIlSLZStt9ibm5ibaN3p35sQjAvC4nic20O16QoBBxh5hXCKKw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS86I2yeLG5MNia22ahoeavOoVQxuQryVv9Ww14dJlE1xUck6icaeYk3pQg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8ye23TRU6P5XFlmbnOoGDtbpnPlx6UsV5KWfVnAib7OvRbb9TZ4dAFYA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8v7Da2K6rHN0p2vHkz7pBYveZ9nH73KVmCPt9RmFHa1kDQaypHC3pqA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8fm5EMEQSs51YlxYy5xskHZiaIcAWg0sB9ToXo7sZRcicCLhnicAy6Orhw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8DibNfib19Mwial04r5xFjS7TAfNWZuwV8q4nk1PNcjqXotIKKwClbWpXw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibMTV0HjaF2EJH0Amq1SS8hibQJPRhRD854vhffTV1AlSB3cxJnrBCKqnicoU4Ax8jrBWWj58ib5RNw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"38\"]"},{"id":33,"title":"汽修连锁的发展现状与战略方向","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651044120,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651044540,"update_time":1651044540,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"  2<\/span>0<\/span>1<\/span>9<\/span>年<\/span>6<\/span>月<\/span>2<\/span>9<\/span>日<\/span>，<\/span>由<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>事<\/span>业<\/span>部<\/span>主<\/span>办<\/span>的<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>研<\/span>讨<\/span>会<\/span>在<\/span>江<\/span>苏<\/span>无<\/span>锡<\/span>国<\/span>金<\/span>中<\/span>心<\/span>举<\/span>行<\/span>，<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>围<\/span>绕<\/span>“<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>后<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>与<\/span>未<\/span>来<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>”<\/span>展<\/span>开<\/span>，<\/span>来<\/span>自<\/span>2<\/span>3<\/span>家<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>代<\/span>表<\/span>参<\/span>会<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>  本<\/span>次<\/span>研<\/span>讨<\/span>会<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>、<\/span>副<\/span>总<\/span>裁<\/span>、<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>事<\/span>业<\/span>部<\/span>总<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>张<\/span>海<\/span>滨<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>了<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>连<\/span>锁<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>的<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>现<\/span>状<\/span>与<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>方<\/span>向<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>下<\/span>为<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/735M51ic2fPWaT7WYJRXxFMe8ON7CuCfdc2JjeibjoWibuaOYTRp6iaf0aQ0C56eMd1MpQhbVia27rzBzE97qNQo47g\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/p><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD2nl0tL40URPjzsVOPl9XDu2bCyIMEaib42B9K8tibZU1pIxQl0z97MFwJVtBibtw7kxrTHolUdnQhQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\" class=\"\"\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>汽<\/span>车<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>业<\/span>态<\/span>差<\/span>异<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>4<\/span>S<\/span>店<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>优<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>有<\/span>品<\/span>牌<\/span>背<\/span>书<\/span>，<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>和<\/span>设<\/span>备<\/span>齐<\/span>全<\/span>，<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>可<\/span>信<\/span>赖<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>劣<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>价<\/span>格<\/span>高<\/span>，<\/span>只<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>获<\/span>得<\/span>授<\/span>权<\/span>的<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>品<\/span>牌<\/span>，<\/span>网<\/span>点<\/span>少<\/span>距<\/span>离<\/span>远<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/p>中<\/span>大<\/span>型<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>厂<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>优<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>，<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>车<\/span>型<\/span>范<\/span>围<\/span>较<\/span>广<\/span>，<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>灵<\/span>活<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>劣<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>从<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>公<\/span>车<\/span>和<\/span>运<\/span>营<\/span>车<\/span>辆<\/span>（<\/span>含<\/span>商<\/span>用<\/span>车<\/span>与<\/span>出<\/span>租<\/span>车<\/span>）<\/span>为<\/span>主<\/span>的<\/span>客<\/span>户<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>而<\/span>来<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>于<\/span>私<\/span>家<\/span>车<\/span>的<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>体<\/span>验<\/span>不<\/span>好<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>和<\/span>店<\/span>面<\/span>形<\/span>象<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>存<\/span>在<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/p>小<\/span>型<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>店<\/span><\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/p><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>优<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>价<\/span>格<\/span>低<\/span>，<\/span>分<\/span>布<\/span>广<\/span>，<\/span>便<\/span>利<\/span>性<\/span>好<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>劣<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>性<\/span>和<\/span>配<\/span>件<\/span>质<\/span>量<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>让<\/span>人<\/span>放<\/span>心<\/span>，<\/span>店<\/span>面<\/span>形<\/span>象<\/span>存<\/span>在<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/span><\/p><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>连<\/span>锁<\/span>快<\/span>修<\/span>店<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>优<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>，<\/span>通<\/span>用<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>为<\/span>主<\/span>，<\/span>价<\/span>格<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>合<\/span>理<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>劣<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>不<\/span>够<\/span>全<\/span>面<\/span>，<\/span>难<\/span>以<\/span>获<\/span>得<\/span>原<\/span>厂<\/span>配<\/span>件<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>专<\/span>业<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>店<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>优<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>有<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>规<\/span>模<\/span>，<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>突<\/span>出<\/span>，<\/span>价<\/span>格<\/span>合<\/span>理<\/span>，<\/span>有<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>水<\/span>平<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>劣<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>网<\/span>点<\/span>较<\/span>少<\/span>，<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>不<\/span>够<\/span>全<\/span>面<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>洗<\/span>车<\/span>美<\/span>容<\/span>店<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>优<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>规<\/span>模<\/span>适<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span>价<\/span>格<\/span>较<\/span>低<\/span>，<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>灵<\/span>活<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>劣<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>接<\/span>待<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>需<\/span>求<\/span>，<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>高<\/span>频<\/span>但<\/span>利<\/span>润<\/span>较<\/span>薄<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/span><\/p> <\/span><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/735M51ic2fPWaT7WYJRXxFMe8ON7CuCfdUibEs6w1bbQzInICR7kjVz0MAbicf5FyWgfiaGFLia5UicKxo7WvbogKtrQ\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/span><\/p><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD2nl0tL40URPjzsVOPl9XDxPPwNUlAAEhtGOsgwp0Nu6aPCXm09NDvPfUUmJpldUuTUvdp3dUJSg\/640?wx_fmt=png\" class=\"\"\/><br\/><\/span><\/p>中<\/span>国<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>领<\/span>导<\/span>品<\/span>牌<\/span>尚<\/span>未<\/span>出<\/span>现<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>中<\/span>国<\/span>连<\/span>锁<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>起<\/span>步<\/span>晚<\/span>，<\/span>起<\/span>点<\/span>低<\/span>，<\/span>本<\/span>土<\/span>品<\/span>牌<\/span>由<\/span>于<\/span>资<\/span>金<\/span>量<\/span>小<\/span>、<\/span>连<\/span>锁<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>经<\/span>验<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span>等<\/span>原<\/span>因<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>快<\/span>速<\/span>成<\/span>长<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>品<\/span>牌<\/span>和<\/span>规<\/span>模<\/span>效<\/span>应<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>大<\/span>批<\/span>外<\/span>资<\/span>品<\/span>牌<\/span>表<\/span>现<\/span>水<\/span>土<\/span>不<\/span>服<\/span>（<\/span>比<\/span>如<\/span>博<\/span>世<\/span>、<\/span>A<\/span>C<\/span>德<\/span>科<\/span>、<\/span>黄<\/span>帽<\/span>子<\/span>、<\/span>油<\/span>猴<\/span>等<\/span>，<\/span>曾<\/span>经<\/span>在<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>雄<\/span>心<\/span>勃<\/span>勃<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>最<\/span>后<\/span>都<\/span>无<\/span>奈<\/span>退<\/span>出<\/span>或<\/span>转<\/span>售<\/span>）<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/p>卖<\/span>方<\/span>信<\/span>用<\/span>度<\/span>不<\/span>高<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>单<\/span>体<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>厂<\/span>居<\/span>多<\/span>，<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>分<\/span>散<\/span>，<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>联<\/span>盟<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>进<\/span>货<\/span>议<\/span>价<\/span>和<\/span>供<\/span>应<\/span>链<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>较<\/span>弱<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>市<\/span>场<\/span>上<\/span>非<\/span>正<\/span>品<\/span>配<\/span>件<\/span>较<\/span>多<\/span>，<\/span>消<\/span>费<\/span>者<\/span>对<\/span>卖<\/span>方<\/span>的<\/span>信<\/span>用<\/span>充<\/span>满<\/span>担<\/span>忧<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/span><\/p><\/span><\/strong><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>运<\/span>营<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>不<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>网<\/span>络<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>的<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>化<\/span>程<\/span>度<\/span>、<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>稳<\/span>定<\/span>性<\/span>不<\/span>够<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>连<\/span>锁<\/span>总<\/span>部<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>控<\/span>制<\/span>、<\/span>支<\/span>持<\/span>、<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>不<\/span>强<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>很<\/span>多<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>和<\/span>形<\/span>式<\/span>不<\/span>统<\/span>一<\/span>，<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>真<\/span>正<\/span>连<\/span>锁<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/span><\/p> <\/span><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/735M51ic2fPWaT7WYJRXxFMe8ON7CuCfdMAP0Xf1YusBwXv9icqzaLyvNiaQRUqR44WASWAjNUP7iaPXNTE7KhYCTw\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD2nl0tL40URPjzsVOPl9XDtD6TkhS3WjjiahtjdgChLAc2TzibBXfe3PRHOe5HDZeSPI1a3KhTBqpg\/640?wx_fmt=png\" class=\"\"\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>汽<\/span>修<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>痛<\/span>点<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>  资<\/span>质<\/span>低<\/span>、<\/span>利<\/span>润<\/span>低<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>大<\/span>多<\/span>数<\/span>修<\/span>理<\/span>店<\/span>只<\/span>具<\/span>备<\/span>三<\/span>类<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>资<\/span>质<\/span>，<\/span>只<\/span>能<\/span>提<\/span>供<\/span>洗<\/span>车<\/span>美<\/span>容<\/span>或<\/span>者<\/span>低<\/span>利<\/span>润<\/span>的<\/span>保<\/span>养<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>，<\/span>该<\/span>类<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>的<\/span>获<\/span>利<\/span>空<\/span>间<\/span>有<\/span>限<\/span>，<\/span>连<\/span>锁<\/span>的<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>大<\/span>打<\/span>折<\/span>扣<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>  店<\/span>面<\/span>选<\/span>址<\/span>难<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>汽<\/span>车<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>厂<\/span>作<\/span>为<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>性<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>面<\/span>临<\/span>向<\/span>城<\/span>市<\/span>外<\/span>围<\/span>搬<\/span>迁<\/span>的<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>，<\/span>意<\/span>味<\/span>着<\/span>集<\/span>客<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>好<\/span>的<\/span>店<\/span>址<\/span>越<\/span>来<\/span>越<\/span>稀<\/span>缺<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>  技<\/span>术<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>难<\/span>以<\/span>积<\/span>累<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>连<\/span>锁<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>支<\/span>持<\/span>或<\/span>者<\/span>高<\/span>素<\/span>质<\/span>的<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>培<\/span>训<\/span>，<\/span>由<\/span>于<\/span>创<\/span>业<\/span>门<\/span>槛<\/span>较<\/span>低<\/span>，<\/span>培<\/span>养<\/span>出<\/span>来<\/span>的<\/span>技<\/span>师<\/span>很<\/span>容<\/span>易<\/span>流<\/span>失<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>  第<\/span>三<\/span>方<\/span>配<\/span>件<\/span>物<\/span>流<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>缺<\/span>失<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>：<\/span>连<\/span>锁<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>是<\/span>配<\/span>件<\/span>支<\/span>持<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>由<\/span>于<\/span>配<\/span>件<\/span>种<\/span>类<\/span>繁<\/span>多<\/span>，<\/span>配<\/span>件<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>商<\/span>的<\/span>综<\/span>合<\/span>供<\/span>应<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>受<\/span>到<\/span>限<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>很<\/span>难<\/span>借<\/span>助<\/span>第<\/span>三<\/span>方<\/span>物<\/span>流<\/span>完<\/span>成<\/span>较<\/span>大<\/span>区<\/span>域<\/span>内<\/span>的<\/span>连<\/span>锁<\/span>店<\/span>配<\/span>件<\/span>物<\/span>流<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/span><\/p> <\/span><\/p><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD2nl0tL40URPjzsVOPl9XDcIhXd6ODOI7sUY2JvVwibT7rnAW8CITwbO0fDApc53QzsBpF4s7fkCQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\" class=\"\"\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>对<\/span>于<\/span>维<\/span>修<\/span>连<\/span>锁<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>突<\/span>破<\/span>的<\/span>建<\/span>议<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>从<\/span>运<\/span>营<\/span>角<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>重<\/span>点<\/span>把<\/span>握<\/span>门<\/span>店<\/span>+<\/span>技<\/span>师<\/span>+<\/span>用<\/span>户<\/span>的<\/span>立<\/span>体<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>门<\/span>店<\/span>是<\/span>稀<\/span>缺<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>，<\/span>甚<\/span>至<\/span>是<\/span>获<\/span>客<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>要<\/span>素<\/span>，<\/span>基<\/span>于<\/span>门<\/span>店<\/span>向<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>0<\/span>-<\/span>5<\/span>0<\/span>0<\/span>米<\/span>半<\/span>径<\/span>内<\/span>的<\/span>辐<\/span>射<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>是<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>拓<\/span>展<\/span>的<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>技<\/span>师<\/span>是<\/span>对<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>口<\/span>碑<\/span>、<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>体<\/span>验<\/span>的<\/span>保<\/span>障<\/span>，<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>有<\/span>效<\/span>的<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>留<\/span>住<\/span>技<\/span>师<\/span>团<\/span>队<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>于<\/span>获<\/span>得<\/span>高<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>用<\/span>户<\/span>和<\/span>高<\/span>利<\/span>润<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>至<\/span>关<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>重<\/span>视<\/span>对<\/span>基<\/span>盘<\/span>用<\/span>户<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>维<\/span>护<\/span>，<\/span>虽<\/span>然<\/span>完<\/span>全<\/span>差<\/span>异<\/span>化<\/span>很<\/span>难<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>细<\/span>微<\/span>之<\/span>处<\/span>的<\/span>M<\/span>O<\/span>T<\/span>（<\/span>M<\/span>o<\/span>m<\/span>e<\/span>n<\/span>t<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>T<\/span>r<\/span>u<\/span>e<\/span>，<\/span>真<\/span>实<\/span>一<\/span>刻<\/span>、<\/span>感<\/span>动<\/span>一<\/span>刻<\/span>）<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>降<\/span>低<\/span>留<\/span>客<\/span>成<\/span>本<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><br\/><\/span><\/p>对<\/span>3<\/span>C<\/span>2<\/span>网<\/span>的<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>将<\/span>成<\/span>为<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>商<\/span>业<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>3<\/span>C<\/span>是<\/span>C<\/span>u<\/span>s<\/span>t<\/span>o<\/span>m<\/span>e<\/span>r<\/span>用<\/span>户<\/span>（<\/span>手<\/span>握<\/span>用<\/span>户<\/span>，<\/span>用<\/span>户<\/span>置<\/span>换<\/span>、<\/span>积<\/span>分<\/span>交<\/span>互<\/span>，<\/span>粉<\/span>丝<\/span>运<\/span>营<\/span>）<\/span>、<\/span>C<\/span>h<\/span>a<\/span>n<\/span>n<\/span>e<\/span>l<\/span>渠<\/span>道<\/span>（<\/span>开<\/span>展<\/span>灵<\/span>活<\/span>的<\/span>渠<\/span>道<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>）<\/span>、<\/span>C<\/span>a<\/span>p<\/span>i<\/span>t<\/span>a<\/span>l<\/span>资<\/span>本<\/span>（<\/span>重<\/span>视<\/span>金<\/span>融<\/span>支<\/span>持<\/span>工<\/span>具<\/span>）<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li><\/span>2<\/span>网<\/span>是<\/span>天<\/span>网<\/span>和<\/span>地<\/span>网<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>以<\/span>用<\/span>户<\/span>为<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>资<\/span>产<\/span>，<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>“<\/span>规<\/span>模<\/span>效<\/span>应<\/span>”<\/span>+<\/span>“<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>再<\/span>造<\/span>”<\/span>—<\/span>—<\/span>打<\/span>造<\/span>天<\/span>网<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>用<\/span>户<\/span>资<\/span>产<\/span>和<\/span>金<\/span>融<\/span>工<\/span>具<\/span>撬<\/span>动<\/span>线<\/span>下<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>众<\/span><\/span><\/span>筹<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>，<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>“<\/span>网<\/span>格<\/span>渗<\/span>透<\/span>”<\/span>+<\/span>“<\/span>点<\/span>线<\/span>布<\/span>局<\/span>”<\/span>—<\/span>—<\/span>打<\/span>造<\/span>地<\/span>网<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span>两<\/span>张<\/span>网<\/span>络<\/span>互<\/span>为<\/span>促<\/span>进<\/span>，<\/span>初<\/span>期<\/span>以<\/span>线<\/span>上<\/span>带<\/span>动<\/span>线<\/span>下<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>是<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>线<\/span>下<\/span>反<\/span>哺<\/span>线<\/span>上<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><br\/><\/span><\/p>连<\/span>锁<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>的<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>是<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>4<\/span>种<\/span>要<\/span>素<\/span>的<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;\"><li>车<\/span>主<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>、<\/span>营<\/span>销<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>、<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>、<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul> <\/span><\/strong><\/p><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD2nl0tL40URPjzsVOPl9XD7Lse9Q0nibq1vvic3JFNrFL1aVMR3Hfxs1zHNFzMhbD9nG3q1u2jia5lw\/640?wx_fmt=png\" class=\"\"\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>对<\/span>于<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>的<\/span>总<\/span>体<\/span>评<\/span>价<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>  少<\/span>有<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span>聚<\/span>宝<\/span>盆<\/span>”<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>，<\/span>属<\/span>于<\/span>“<\/span>前<\/span>人<\/span>栽<\/span>树<\/span>，<\/span>你<\/span>乘<\/span>凉<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>好<\/span>行<\/span>当<\/span>，<\/span>具<\/span>有<\/span>强<\/span>劲<\/span>的<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>吸<\/span>引<\/span>力<\/span>和<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>潜<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>于<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>消<\/span>费<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>认<\/span>知<\/span>水<\/span>平<\/span>有<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>意<\/span>义<\/span>，<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>后<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>的<\/span>繁<\/span>荣<\/span>，<\/span>就<\/span>不<\/span>会<\/span>有<\/span>整<\/span>车<\/span>销<\/span>售<\/span>的<\/span>持<\/span>续<\/span>繁<\/span>荣<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><\/span><\/p>  目<\/span>前<\/span>后<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>呈<\/span>现<\/span>“<\/span>小<\/span>、<\/span>散<\/span>、<\/span>乱<\/span>、<\/span>弱<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>特<\/span>点<\/span>，<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span>，<\/span>外<\/span>资<\/span>品<\/span>牌<\/span>暂<\/span>时<\/span>对<\/span>于<\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span>的<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>现<\/span>状<\/span>难<\/span>以<\/span>适<\/span>应<\/span>和<\/span>改<\/span>造<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>个<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>暂<\/span>时<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>领<\/span>袖<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>和<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>品<\/span>牌<\/span>，<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>亟<\/span>待<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>和<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>规<\/span>则<\/span>秩<\/span>序<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/735M51ic2fPWaT7WYJRXxFMe8ON7CuCfdDklIsLpU97mPlXguKibnDVyeCria3tjOVSia7x9utA6F3LWh8JnnVGSPg\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"49\"]"},{"id":32,"title":"对汽车企业的管理诊断与对策分析","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1651043880,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651044124,"update_time":1651674957,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":" 2019年5月25日，由北京和君恒成企业顾问股份有限公司主办的专题研讨会在江苏无锡国金中心举行，会议围绕“汽车企业数字化管理与运营改善”展开主旨探讨，来自29家企业的近40位代表参会。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20220504\/20220504223524_65558.png","content":"  2<\/span>0<\/span>1<\/span>9<\/span>年<\/span>5<\/span>月<\/span>2<\/span>5<\/span>日<\/span>，<\/span>由<\/span>北<\/span>京<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>顾<\/span>问<\/span>股<\/span>份<\/span>有<\/span>限<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>主<\/span>办<\/span>的<\/span>专<\/span>题<\/span>研<\/span>讨<\/span>会<\/span>在<\/span>江<\/span>苏<\/span>无<\/span>锡<\/span>国<\/span>金<\/span>中<\/span>心<\/span>举<\/span>行<\/span>，<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>围<\/span>绕<\/span>“<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>数<\/span>字<\/span>化<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>与<\/span>运<\/span>营<\/span>改<\/span>善<\/span>”<\/span>展<\/span>开<\/span>主<\/span>旨<\/span>探<\/span>讨<\/span>，<\/span>来<\/span>自<\/span>2<\/span>9<\/span>家<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>近<\/span>4<\/span>0<\/span>位<\/span>代<\/span>表<\/span>参<\/span>会<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0504\/20220504802617.jpg\" title=\"20220504802617.jpg\" alt=\"事业部总经理张海滨：对汽车企业的管理诊断与对策分析1.jpg\"\/><\/p>  本<\/span>次<\/span>研<\/span>讨<\/span>会<\/span>，<\/span>北<\/span>京<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>、<\/span>副<\/span>总<\/span>裁<\/span>、<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>事<\/span>业<\/span>部<\/span>总<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>张<\/span>海<\/span>滨<\/span>分<\/span>享<\/span>的<\/span>主<\/span>题<\/span>是<\/span>：<\/span>对<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>诊<\/span>断<\/span>与<\/span>对<\/span>策<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>。<\/span>张<\/span>海<\/span>滨<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>了<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>当<\/span>前<\/span>状<\/span>况<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>结<\/span>合<\/span>对<\/span>1<\/span>0<\/span>家<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>诊<\/span>断<\/span>，<\/span>重<\/span>点<\/span>从<\/span>绩<\/span>效<\/span>、<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>、<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>供<\/span>应<\/span>链<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>4<\/span>个<\/span>维<\/span>度<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>了<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>存<\/span>在<\/span>的<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>及<\/span>对<\/span>策<\/span>建<\/span>议<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>  以<\/span>下<\/span>为<\/span>演<\/span>讲<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>观<\/span>点<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD2nl0tL40URPjzsVOPl9XDu2bCyIMEaib42B9K8tibZU1pIxQl0z97MFwJVtBibtw7kxrTHolUdnQhQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p>中<\/span>国<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>当<\/span>前<\/span>状<\/span>况<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><br\/><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>1<\/span>、<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>1<\/span>8<\/span>年<\/span>的<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>车<\/span>市<\/span>，<\/span>出<\/span>现<\/span>2<\/span>9<\/span>年<\/span>来<\/span>首<\/span>次<\/span>负<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>，<\/span>小<\/span>型<\/span>车<\/span>全<\/span>面<\/span>下<\/span>滑<\/span>；<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>1<\/span>9<\/span>年<\/span>，<\/span>依<\/span>然<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>筑<\/span>底<\/span>企<\/span>稳<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>2<\/span>、<\/span>经<\/span>销<\/span>商<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>纷<\/span>纷<\/span>需<\/span>求<\/span>转<\/span>型<\/span>或<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>缓<\/span>解<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>单<\/span>一<\/span>带<\/span>来<\/span>的<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>风<\/span>险<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>3<\/span>、<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>1<\/span>9<\/span>年<\/span>与<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>紧<\/span>密<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>的<\/span>政<\/span>策<\/span>频<\/span>出<\/span>：<\/span>新<\/span>能<\/span>源<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>补<\/span>贴<\/span>退<\/span>坡<\/span>、<\/span>购<\/span>置<\/span>税<\/span>立<\/span>法<\/span>、<\/span>国<\/span>6<\/span>排<\/span>放<\/span>、<\/span>二<\/span>手<\/span>车<\/span>限<\/span>迁<\/span>取<\/span>消<\/span>等<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>4<\/span>、<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>后<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>一<\/span>地<\/span>鸡<\/span>毛<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>同<\/span>样<\/span>遍<\/span>地<\/span>黄<\/span>金<\/span>。<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>向<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>后<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>延<\/span>伸<\/span>，<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>4<\/span>大<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>：<\/span>车<\/span>主<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>、<\/span>营<\/span>销<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>、<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>、<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>5<\/span>、<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>链<\/span>的<\/span>业<\/span>态<\/span>趋<\/span>势<\/span>：<\/span>平<\/span>台<\/span>化<\/span>+<\/span>交<\/span>互<\/span>式<\/span>+<\/span>数<\/span>据<\/span>化<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0504\/20220504315811.jpg\" title=\"20220504315811.jpg\" alt=\"事业部总经理张海滨：对汽车企业的管理诊断与对策分析2.jpg\"\/><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD2nl0tL40URPjzsVOPl9XDxPPwNUlAAEhtGOsgwp0Nu6aPCXm09NDvPfUUmJpldUuTUvdp3dUJSg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p>选<\/span>取<\/span>1<\/span>0<\/span>家<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>为<\/span>样<\/span>本<\/span>的<\/span>常<\/span>见<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>总<\/span>结<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><br\/><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>本<\/span>次<\/span>选<\/span>取<\/span>的<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>样<\/span>本<\/span>均<\/span>为<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>事<\/span>业<\/span>部<\/span>近<\/span>2<\/span>年<\/span>在<\/span>华<\/span>东<\/span>地<\/span>区<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>过<\/span>的<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>客<\/span>户<\/span>，<\/span>涉<\/span>及<\/span>整<\/span>车<\/span>、<\/span>零<\/span>部<\/span>件<\/span>、<\/span>后<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>等<\/span>多<\/span>个<\/span>领<\/span>域<\/span>，<\/span>重<\/span>点<\/span>从<\/span>绩<\/span>效<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>供<\/span>应<\/span>链<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>等<\/span>四<\/span>个<\/span>维<\/span>度<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>总<\/span>结<\/span>，<\/span>常<\/span>见<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>如<\/span>下<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><br\/><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><br\/><\/p><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(217, 13, 24); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important;\"><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(217, 13, 24); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important;\"><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(217, 13, 24); letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>绩<\/span>效<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><br\/><\/p>设<\/span>定<\/span>指<\/span>标<\/span>未<\/span>充<\/span>分<\/span>考<\/span>虑<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>及<\/span>部<\/span>门<\/span>职<\/span>责<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>未<\/span>考<\/span>虑<\/span>相<\/span>应<\/span>的<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>及<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>匹<\/span>配<\/span>，<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>导<\/span>向<\/span>性<\/span>差<\/span>，<\/span>导<\/span>致<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>年<\/span>度<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>得<\/span>到<\/span>有<\/span>效<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>指<\/span>标<\/span>评<\/span>分<\/span>的<\/span>计<\/span>算<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>单<\/span>一<\/span>（<\/span>多<\/span>考<\/span>虑<\/span>单<\/span>一<\/span>结<\/span>果<\/span>而<\/span>忽<\/span>略<\/span>了<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>付<\/span>出<\/span>及<\/span>成<\/span>长<\/span>）<\/span>，<\/span>评<\/span>分<\/span>标<\/span>准<\/span>也<\/span>未<\/span>能<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>结<\/span>果<\/span>的<\/span>差<\/span>异<\/span>，<\/span>导<\/span>致<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>出<\/span>现<\/span>消<\/span>极<\/span>心<\/span>态<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>数<\/span>据<\/span>取<\/span>源<\/span>不<\/span>充<\/span>分<\/span>（<\/span>缺<\/span>乏<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>上<\/span>下<\/span>游<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>的<\/span>评<\/span>价<\/span>支<\/span>撑<\/span>）<\/span>，<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>对<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>的<\/span>客<\/span>观<\/span>评<\/span>价<\/span>，<\/span>评<\/span>价<\/span>结<\/span>果<\/span>也<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>改<\/span>善<\/span>，<\/span>导<\/span>致<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>失<\/span>去<\/span>应<\/span>有<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>考<\/span>核<\/span>结<\/span>果<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>与<\/span>优<\/span>胜<\/span>劣<\/span>汰<\/span>、<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>、<\/span>培<\/span>训<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>等<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>关<\/span>联<\/span>，<\/span>导<\/span>致<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>闭<\/span>环<\/span>，<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>缺<\/span>乏<\/span>改<\/span>善<\/span>依<\/span>据<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>调<\/span>动<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>参<\/span>与<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>的<\/span>积<\/span>极<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(217, 13, 24); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important;\"><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(217, 13, 24); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important;\"><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(217, 13, 24);\"> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>流<\/span>程<\/span>不<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>，<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>节<\/span>点<\/span>责<\/span>任<\/span>人<\/span>、<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>指<\/span>向<\/span>、<\/span>部<\/span>门<\/span>间<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>接<\/span>口<\/span>都<\/span>不<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>，<\/span>导<\/span>致<\/span>对<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>缺<\/span>少<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>意<\/span>义<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>部<\/span>分<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>只<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>了<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>的<\/span>顺<\/span>序<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>节<\/span>点<\/span>的<\/span>说<\/span>明<\/span>信<\/span>息<\/span>太<\/span>少<\/span>，<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>文<\/span>件<\/span>不<\/span>完<\/span>整<\/span>，<\/span>实<\/span>用<\/span>性<\/span>不<\/span>强<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>有<\/span>些<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>的<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>的<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>，<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>时<\/span>缺<\/span>少<\/span>文<\/span>件<\/span>参<\/span>照<\/span>，<\/span>造<\/span>成<\/span>对<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>的<\/span>理<\/span>解<\/span>不<\/span>一<\/span>，<\/span>出<\/span>现<\/span>分<\/span>歧<\/span>时<\/span>也<\/span>难<\/span>以<\/span>统<\/span>一<\/span>意<\/span>见<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>流<\/span>程<\/span>发<\/span>布<\/span>的<\/span>版<\/span>本<\/span>过<\/span>多<\/span>，<\/span>带<\/span>来<\/span>了<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>认<\/span>知<\/span>上<\/span>的<\/span>混<\/span>乱<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>新<\/span>发<\/span>布<\/span>的<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>培<\/span>训<\/span>宣<\/span>贯<\/span>不<\/span>到<\/span>位<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>影<\/span>响<\/span>了<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>的<\/span>效<\/span>果<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(217, 13, 24); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important;\"><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(217, 13, 24); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important;\"><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(217, 13, 24);\"> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>项<\/span>目<\/span>部<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>边<\/span>界<\/span>、<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>职<\/span>责<\/span>不<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>，<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>缺<\/span>乏<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>调<\/span>动<\/span>权<\/span>限<\/span>，<\/span>横<\/span>向<\/span>部<\/span>门<\/span>配<\/span>合<\/span>不<\/span>到<\/span>位<\/span>，<\/span>研<\/span>发<\/span>所<\/span>需<\/span>的<\/span>物<\/span>资<\/span>采<\/span>购<\/span>周<\/span>期<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>控<\/span>制<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>项<\/span>目<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>缺<\/span>乏<\/span>对<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>的<\/span>了<\/span>解<\/span>，<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>欠<\/span>缺<\/span>全<\/span>局<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>意<\/span>识<\/span>和<\/span>综<\/span>合<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>项<\/span>目<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>O<\/span>p<\/span>e<\/span>n<\/span>项<\/span>跟<\/span>踪<\/span>不<\/span>利<\/span>，<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>评<\/span>审<\/span>清<\/span>单<\/span>及<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>不<\/span>健<\/span>全<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>评<\/span>估<\/span>不<\/span>到<\/span>位<\/span>，<\/span>总<\/span>体<\/span>责<\/span>任<\/span>意<\/span>识<\/span>不<\/span>够<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(217, 13, 24); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important;\"><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(217, 13, 24); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important;\"><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(217, 13, 24);\"> <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>供<\/span>应<\/span>链<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>供<\/span>应<\/span>商<\/span>开<\/span>发<\/span>与<\/span>质<\/span>量<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>（<\/span>S<\/span>Q<\/span>E<\/span>）<\/span>职<\/span>能<\/span>不<\/span>健<\/span>全<\/span>，<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>审<\/span>核<\/span>欠<\/span>缺<\/span>，<\/span>A<\/span>P<\/span>Q<\/span>P<\/span>监<\/span>控<\/span>不<\/span>力<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>审<\/span>批<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>冗<\/span>长<\/span>，<\/span>缺<\/span>乏<\/span>对<\/span>不<\/span>同<\/span>物<\/span>资<\/span>、<\/span>不<\/span>同<\/span>金<\/span>额<\/span>的<\/span>梯<\/span>度<\/span>授<\/span>权<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>产<\/span>品<\/span>开<\/span>发<\/span>标<\/span>准<\/span>缺<\/span>失<\/span>，<\/span>采<\/span>购<\/span>计<\/span>划<\/span>性<\/span>不<\/span>强<\/span>，<\/span>周<\/span>期<\/span>监<\/span>控<\/span>不<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>外<\/span>发<\/span>订<\/span>单<\/span>验<\/span>收<\/span>不<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>，<\/span>缺<\/span>失<\/span>时<\/span>间<\/span>节<\/span>点<\/span>控<\/span>制<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0504\/20220504203528.jpg\" title=\"20220504203528.jpg\" alt=\"事业部总经理张海滨：对汽车企业的管理诊断与对策分析3.jpg\"\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD2nl0tL40URPjzsVOPl9XDtD6TkhS3WjjiahtjdgChLAc2TzibBXfe3PRHOe5HDZeSPI1a3KhTBqpg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><br\/><\/p>突<\/span>破<\/span>现<\/span>状<\/span>的<\/span>对<\/span>策<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><br\/><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>1<\/span>、<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>面<\/span>临<\/span>巨<\/span>大<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>品<\/span>质<\/span>压<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>掌<\/span>握<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>是<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>最<\/span>大<\/span>挑<\/span>战<\/span>，<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>自<\/span>主<\/span>研<\/span>发<\/span>创<\/span>新<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>强<\/span>化<\/span>上<\/span>下<\/span>游<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>合<\/span>作<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>2<\/span>、<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>要<\/span>充<\/span>分<\/span>意<\/span>识<\/span>到<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>变<\/span>革<\/span>可<\/span>能<\/span>面<\/span>临<\/span>的<\/span>3<\/span>大<\/span>阻<\/span>力<\/span>：<\/span>观<\/span>念<\/span>阻<\/span>力<\/span>、<\/span>惯<\/span>性<\/span>阻<\/span>力<\/span>、<\/span>利<\/span>益<\/span>阻<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>前<\/span>做<\/span>好<\/span>各<\/span>种<\/span>应<\/span>对<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>，<\/span>确<\/span>保<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>变<\/span>革<\/span>顺<\/span>利<\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>3<\/span>、<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>要<\/span>响<\/span>应<\/span>政<\/span>策<\/span>环<\/span>境<\/span>，<\/span>融<\/span>入<\/span>互<\/span>联<\/span>网<\/span>思<\/span>维<\/span>与<\/span>数<\/span>字<\/span>化<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>，<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>制<\/span>造<\/span>强<\/span>国<\/span>。<\/span>深<\/span>度<\/span>研<\/span>究<\/span>工<\/span>业<\/span>互<\/span>联<\/span>网<\/span>与<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>制<\/span>造<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>2<\/span>5<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>的<\/span>高<\/span>度<\/span>契<\/span>合<\/span>性<\/span>，<\/span>抓<\/span>好<\/span>政<\/span>策<\/span>机<\/span>遇<\/span>，<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>提<\/span>质<\/span>增<\/span>效<\/span>、<\/span>转<\/span>型<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>，<\/span>增<\/span>强<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>力<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>4<\/span>、<\/span>借<\/span>鉴<\/span>学<\/span>习<\/span>京<\/span>东<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>变<\/span>革<\/span>三<\/span>大<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>：<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>“<\/span>客<\/span>户<\/span>导<\/span>向<\/span>的<\/span>网<\/span>络<\/span>型<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>”<\/span>、<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>“<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>契<\/span>约<\/span>的<\/span>钻<\/span>石<\/span>型<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>”<\/span>、<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>“<\/span>竹<\/span>林<\/span>共<\/span>生<\/span>的<\/span>生<\/span>态<\/span>型<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>”<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"49\"]"},{"id":31,"title":"国内棉纺织行业有哪些分化趋势和相应对策？","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651040580,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651041397,"update_time":1651041397,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">  目<\/span>前<\/span>，<\/span>国<\/span>内<\/span>纺<\/span>织<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>有<\/span>中<\/span>小<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>2<\/span>3<\/span>万<\/span>家<\/span>，<\/span>规<\/span>模<\/span>以<\/span>上<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>3<\/span>.<\/span>7<\/span>万<\/span>家<\/span>，<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>同<\/span>质<\/span>化<\/span>程<\/span>度<\/span>较<\/span>高<\/span>，<\/span>厂<\/span>商<\/span>数<\/span>量<\/span>多<\/span>，<\/span>单<\/span>个<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>规<\/span>模<\/span>小<\/span>，<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>壁<\/span>垒<\/span>低<\/span>，<\/span>属<\/span>于<\/span>完<\/span>全<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">近<\/span>年<\/span>来<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>大<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>的<\/span>环<\/span>境<\/span>下<\/span>，<\/span>原<\/span>有<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>难<\/span>以<\/span>为<\/span>继<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">一<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>，<\/span>随<\/span>着<\/span>中<\/span>美<\/span>贸<\/span>易<\/span>战<\/span>摩<\/span>擦<\/span>不<\/span>断<\/span>，<\/span>棉<\/span>纺<\/span>织<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>向<\/span>东<\/span>南<\/span>亚<\/span>转<\/span>移<\/span>，<\/span>另<\/span>一<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>，<\/span>随<\/span>着<\/span>供<\/span>给<\/span>侧<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>的<\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>和<\/span>环<\/span>保<\/span>的<\/span>压<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>加<\/span>速<\/span>对<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>设<\/span>备<\/span>的<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>改<\/span>造<\/span>，<\/span>环<\/span>保<\/span>投<\/span>入<\/span>增<\/span>多<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>中<\/span>小<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>被<\/span>迫<\/span>选<\/span>择<\/span>“<\/span>离<\/span>场<\/span>”<\/span>，<\/span> <\/span>新<\/span>常<\/span>态<\/span>下<\/span>纺<\/span>企<\/span>优<\/span>胜<\/span>劣<\/span>汰<\/span>趋<\/span>势<\/span>将<\/span>会<\/span>加<\/span>剧<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p>  2<\/span>0<\/span>1<\/span>8<\/span>年<\/span>与<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>1<\/span>7<\/span>年<\/span>相<\/span>比<\/span>，<\/span>我<\/span>国<\/span>纱<\/span>线<\/span>产<\/span>量<\/span>下<\/span>降<\/span>7<\/span>.<\/span>3<\/span>%<\/span>，<\/span>销<\/span>售<\/span>收<\/span>入<\/span>和<\/span>利<\/span>润<\/span>总<\/span>额<\/span>分<\/span>别<\/span>上<\/span>涨<\/span>了<\/span>6<\/span>.<\/span>8<\/span>%<\/span>和<\/span>8<\/span>%<\/span>，<\/span>纱<\/span>产<\/span>量<\/span>降<\/span>低<\/span>而<\/span>销<\/span>售<\/span>收<\/span>入<\/span>和<\/span>利<\/span>润<\/span>在<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>，<\/span>说<\/span>明<\/span>纱<\/span>的<\/span>品<\/span>质<\/span>在<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>，<\/span>我<\/span>国<\/span>纺<\/span>织<\/span>工<\/span>业<\/span>从<\/span>量<\/span>的<\/span>扩<\/span>张<\/span>到<\/span>质<\/span>的<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>，<\/span>转<\/span>型<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>、<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>创<\/span>新<\/span>将<\/span>成<\/span>为<\/span>主<\/span>旋<\/span>律<\/span>。<\/span>新<\/span>常<\/span>态<\/span>下<\/span>棉<\/span>纺<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>必<\/span>将<\/span>经<\/span>历<\/span>从<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>过<\/span>剩<\/span>、<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>激<\/span>烈<\/span>到<\/span>优<\/span>化<\/span>再<\/span>平<\/span>衡<\/span>的<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>；<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>从<\/span>资<\/span>本<\/span>的<\/span>投<\/span>资<\/span>驱<\/span>动<\/span>、<\/span>杠<\/span>杆<\/span>效<\/span>应<\/span>转<\/span>向<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>创<\/span>新<\/span>驱<\/span>动<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><\/section><section><\/section><\/section><section><section>1.<\/span>目<\/span>前<\/span>我<\/span>国<\/span>纺<\/span>纱<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>面<\/span>临<\/span>的<\/span>挑<\/span>战<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><\/section><section>纺企经营成本高<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section>  纺<\/span>织<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>设<\/span>备<\/span>耗<\/span>电<\/span>量<\/span>大<\/span>，<\/span>电<\/span>费<\/span>普<\/span>遍<\/span>较<\/span>高<\/span>，<\/span>用<\/span>工<\/span>成<\/span>本<\/span>较<\/span>高<\/span>，<\/span>环<\/span>保<\/span>改<\/span>善<\/span>成<\/span>本<\/span>持<\/span>续<\/span>增<\/span>加<\/span>，<\/span>粗<\/span>放<\/span>式<\/span>的<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span>以<\/span>支<\/span>撑<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>的<\/span>可<\/span>持<\/span>续<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><\/section><section>产品结构存在问题<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section>  同<\/span>质<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>过<\/span>剩<\/span>与<\/span>特<\/span>殊<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>供<\/span>不<\/span>应<\/span>求<\/span>并<\/span>存<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>优<\/span>质<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>、<\/span>高<\/span>档<\/span>面<\/span>料<\/span>等<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>依<\/span>靠<\/span>从<\/span>发<\/span>达<\/span>国<\/span>家<\/span>进<\/span>口<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>含<\/span>量<\/span>一<\/span>般<\/span>的<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>又<\/span>受<\/span>到<\/span>后<\/span>起<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>家<\/span>的<\/span>出<\/span>口<\/span>威<\/span>胁<\/span>，<\/span>新<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>的<\/span>开<\/span>发<\/span>明<\/span>显<\/span>跟<\/span>不<\/span>上<\/span>纺<\/span>织<\/span>工<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>，<\/span>致<\/span>使<\/span>纺<\/span>织<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>滞<\/span>后<\/span>于<\/span>纺<\/span>织<\/span>消<\/span>费<\/span>，<\/span>纺<\/span>织<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>供<\/span>需<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>矛<\/span>盾<\/span>突<\/span>出<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section> 生存能力弱，经营机制创新弱 <\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section>  主<\/span>要<\/span>以<\/span>廉<\/span>价<\/span>的<\/span>劳<\/span>动<\/span>力<\/span>和<\/span>丰<\/span>富<\/span>的<\/span>原<\/span>料<\/span>供<\/span>应<\/span>来<\/span>支<\/span>撑<\/span>、<\/span>科<\/span>技<\/span>投<\/span>入<\/span>不<\/span>够<\/span>、<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>装<\/span>备<\/span>落<\/span>后<\/span>、<\/span>创<\/span>新<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span>、<\/span>劳<\/span>动<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>率<\/span>不<\/span>高<\/span>。<\/span>多<\/span>是<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>同<\/span>质<\/span>化<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>、<\/span>少<\/span>差<\/span>异<\/span>化<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>完<\/span>整<\/span>的<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>缺<\/span>乏<\/span>品<\/span>牌<\/span>意<\/span>识<\/span>，<\/span>缺<\/span>乏<\/span>创<\/span>新<\/span>意<\/span>识<\/span>，<\/span>抗<\/span>风<\/span>险<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>弱<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><\/section><section><\/section><\/section><section>2.<\/span>棉<\/span>纺<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>分<\/span>化<\/span>趋<\/span>势<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><\/section><section>  <\/span>趋势一：<\/span><\/span>淘<\/span>汰<\/span>落<\/span>后<\/span>产<\/span>能<\/span>，<\/span>设<\/span>备<\/span>旧<\/span>、<\/span>成<\/span>本<\/span>高<\/span>、<\/span>资<\/span>金<\/span>紧<\/span>、<\/span>环<\/span>保<\/span>差<\/span>的<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>迟<\/span>早<\/span>退<\/span>出<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>，<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>集<\/span>中<\/span>度<\/span>进<\/span>一<\/span>步<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>；<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><\/section><section>  趋势二：<\/span>设<\/span>备<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>改<\/span>造<\/span>，<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>，<\/span>降<\/span>本<\/span>增<\/span>效<\/span>，<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>，<\/span>中<\/span>高<\/span>端<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>成<\/span>为<\/span>主<\/span>流<\/span>，<\/span>精<\/span>细<\/span>化<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>利<\/span>润<\/span>率<\/span>；<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><\/section><section>  <\/span>趋势三：<\/span><\/span>产业链的延伸，新产品的研发，技术的创新，由低利润区走向高利润区。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><\/section><section><\/section><\/section><section>3.<\/span>对<\/span>不<\/span>同<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>建<\/span>议<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/span><\/p>优势企业：<\/span>加强企业管理，实施技术创新，加大新工艺新技术开发应用，加强产品营销和售后服务。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><\/section><section>一般企业：<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>设<\/span>备<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>改<\/span>造<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>档<\/span>次<\/span>与<\/span>附<\/span>加<\/span>值<\/span>，<\/span>加<\/span>强<\/span>与<\/span>优<\/span>势<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>合<\/span>作<\/span>，<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>共<\/span>赢<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><\/section><section>劣势企业：<\/span>实施转型、转产改造或退出，投资自身熟悉的项目,实行差异化竞争，经营自身具有技术优势和营销特长的产品。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/p>  随<\/span>着<\/span>国<\/span>际<\/span>国<\/span>内<\/span>环<\/span>境<\/span>的<\/span>变<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>引<\/span>起<\/span>棉<\/span>纺<\/span>纱<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>措<\/span>施<\/span>的<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>，<\/span>加<\/span>强<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>，<\/span>实<\/span>施<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>创<\/span>新<\/span>，<\/span>加<\/span>大<\/span>新<\/span>工<\/span>艺<\/span>新<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>开<\/span>发<\/span>应<\/span>用<\/span>，<\/span>加<\/span>强<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>营<\/span>销<\/span>和<\/span>售<\/span>后<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>只<\/span>有<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>的<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>才<\/span>能<\/span>在<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>中<\/span>立<\/span>足<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":1,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"56\"]"},{"id":30,"title":"国家提出高新区发展指导意见，需要智力机构积极参与贡献力量","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651040100,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651040589,"update_time":1651040589,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><section><section><section><span class=\"character hover\" style=\"font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">引<\/span>言<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section>  建立国家高新技术产业开发区，是党中央、国务院为发展我国高新技术产业、调整产业结构、推动传统产业改造、增强国际竞争力作出的重大战略部署，经过30多年发展，国家高新区已经成为我国实施创新驱动发展战略的重要载体。<\/span><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KDO1sBSHo8fic9HUr1B81dv6Ov1cOCnmat1exlwHTWGo4Mb3IPMunaJ91x20MQEYkIzeRib93qhtItg\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/p><section>  数据显示，2019年169家国家级高新区实现营业收入38.3万亿元、工业总产值24.8万亿元，园区生产总值达到12.2万亿元，占国内生产总值比重达12.3%，比“十二五”末提高0.6个百分点。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section><span style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 仿宋; line-height: 37.3333px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">  为进一步促进高新区高质量发展，发挥好示范引领和辐射带动作用，2020年<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 仿宋; line-height: 37.3333px; letter-spacing: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">7月17日，经李克强总理签批，国务院印发了《关于促进国家高新技术产业开发区高质量发展的若干意见》（以下简称《意见》），提出到2025年，建成若干具有世界影响力的高科技园区和一批创新型特色园区。到2035年，建成一大批具有全球影响力的高科技园区，主要产业进入全球价值链中高端，实现园区治理体系和治理能力现代化。<\/span><\/span><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/p>《意见》提出6个方面的任务举措<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>一、<\/span>着力提升自主创新能力：<\/span><\/strong>大力集聚高端创新资源，吸引培育一流创新人才，加强关键核心技术创新和成果转移转化，着力提升自主创新能力。<\/span><\/span><\/p>二、<\/span>进一步激发企业创新发展活力：<\/span><\/strong>支持高新技术企业发展壮大，积极培育科技型中小企业，加强对科技创新创业的服务支持，进一步激发企业创新发展活力。<\/span><\/span><\/p>三、<\/span>推进产业迈向中高端：<\/span><\/strong>大力培育发展新兴产业，做大做强特色主导产业，推进产业迈向中高端。<\/span><\/span><\/p>四、<\/span>融入全球创新体系：<\/span><\/strong>加大开放创新力度，推动区域协同发展，打造区域创新增长极，融入全球创新体系。<\/span><\/span><\/p>五、<\/span>营造高质量发展环境：<\/span><\/strong>深化管理体制机制改革，优化营商环境，加强金融服务，优化土地资源配置，建设绿色生态园区，营造高质量发展环境。<\/span><\/span><\/p>六、<\/span>加强分类指导和组织管理：<\/span><\/strong>各省级政府加强对省内国家高新区规划建设、产业发展和创新资源配置的统筹，所在地市级政府承担国家高新区建设的主体责任。同时制定国家高新区高质量发展评价指标体系，强化动态管理。<\/span><\/span><\/p> <\/span><\/p>以此为契机，智力机构应积极参与，助力国家高新区高质量发展<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><section>现代智库建设对于充分调动多方智慧元素、集约化发挥智慧价值、促进国民经济良好有序发展，具有重要保障作用。<\/span><\/section><section>习近平总书记多次对智库建设作出重要批示，指出智库是国家软实力的重要组成部分，明确表示改革发展任务越重越需要智力支持，应该高度重视、积极探索中国特色新型智库的组织形式和管理方式。据中央媒体公布的不完全统计数据，2013年以来，习近平总书记对智库建设作出的重要论述、指示、批示等达50次以上。<\/span><\/section><section>目前地方经济发展过程中还普遍存在产业结构不合理、自主创新水平不高、资源环境压力加大、经济整体竞争力不强等诸多问题。智力机构作为国家决策体制的外脑和现代公共决策的重要环节，可以通过科学前瞻的规划，集中优势资源，错位协同发展，在招商思路、增长类型、发展导向上进行专业研究，推进产业型园区的创新驱动发展，从而推动区域经济转型升级。<\/span><\/section><section>围绕促进国家高新区的高质量发展，智力机构可以重点在以下4个方面提供支持：<\/span><\/section><\/p>一、<\/span>提升园区的研发创新能力<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><section>由于在功能定位上的特殊性，高新技术园区相对适合培育产业链的前端功能，比如创意、研发、设计、中试等，因此高新技术园区的发展驱动在于技术创新能力和技术转化效率。<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 仿宋; line-height: 37.3333px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">《意见》第十三条提出：支持国家高新区跨区域配置创新要素，提升周边区域市场主体活力，深化区域经济和科技一体化发展……在更高层次探索创新驱动发展新路径。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section>随着高新技术产业在系统化、交叉性等方面的强化，科技研发与转化的复杂性随之加大，大规模研发的系统风险增加，需要在技术驱动机制、人才引进模式、共享平台（特别是技术平台和服务平台）建设、科研成果市场化促进、模块化管理等方面融合智力机构的成果支持，从而实现《意见》中提出的“要将国家高新区作为实施创新驱动发展战略的重要载体”的要求与目标。<\/span><\/section><\/p>二、<\/span>增强园区的服务能力<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><section>高新技术企业具有较强的技术领先性，但往往市场化要素不够充分，能力储备上也容易出现偏科，因此会伴随着一定的创业孵化或资源共享需求，对园区的服务功能与服务理念也提出了更多诉求。<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 仿宋; line-height: 37.3333px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">《意见》同时指出，要“强化科技资源开放和共享，鼓励园区内各类主体加强开放式创新……提升专业化服务能力”。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>智力机构可以根据高新区的功能完善度和代表性企业的发展阶段不同，协助建立有针对性的智力服务平台。在园区层面，帮助提升创新创业综合服务能力和服务品质，关注企业成长过程，建立资源对接窗口，为高成长性企业提供加速器服务通道。同时，在探索异地孵化、飞地经济、伙伴园区等多种合作机制上，智力机构也可以发挥重要智囊作用。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>在企业层面，智力机构可以在资本规划、财务顾问、上市筹划、管理提升、信息化建设、人才培养、组织优化等方面提供专项服务。<\/span><\/section><\/p> <\/span><\/p>三、<\/span>推动园区的<\/span><\/strong>管理机制改革<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><section>园区的运营管理，既要保持一定的行政职能，又要尝试促进市场主体快速发展的创新举措，同时面临着“管理团队多元化与薪酬结构单一化”的现实矛盾，在十四五期间也需要进一步深化改革。<\/span><\/section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 37.3333px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 16px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">《意见》第十五条提出：鼓励有条件的国家高新区探索岗位管理制度，实行聘用制，并建立完善符合实际的分配激励和考核机制。支持国家高新区探索新型治理模式。<\/span><\/section><section>智力机构可以围绕优化园区管理体系和促进治理能力建设的关键领域和重大课题，结合高新区的突出问题和重点需求，融合专业化、市场化、创新化的思考角度和科学方法，帮助条件成熟的园区率先进行机制改革，并在优秀人才选拔与聘用、组织管理、改善营商环境、园企协作机制等方面提供专业意见或解决方案，共同探索现代化技术型园区的高效治理路径。<\/span><\/section><section>可以关注的课题（举例）：高新区与行政区的体制融合、大部制改革与流程优化、“一区多园”的统筹协同发展机制、符合国际惯例和市场经济需要的行政法规体系和管理运行机制等。<\/span><\/section><\/p> <\/span><\/p>四、<\/span>帮助建立差异化发展基调与产业主线<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><section>不管是经济技术开发区还是高新技术产业开发区，都是当地政府发展区域经济的重要载体，也是主导产业或战略新兴产业的重要策源地，所以在发展定位、产业支撑保障、要素协同上显得特别重要。已经存在国家级经开区被约谈甚至被摘牌的先例，就是因为其定位模糊、运行低效、对区域发展的带动作用不明显，导致整体指标考核排名末席。<\/span><\/section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 37.3333px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 16px; font-family: 黑体, SimHei;\">《意见》第十一条：国家高新区要立足区域资源禀赋和本地基础条件，发挥比较优势，因地制宜、因园施策。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>智力机构在帮助园区运营发展上有一项重要工作，就是发挥第3方团队的产业研究专业性与对比判断独立性。通过对区域产业发展的背景、环境及各细分领域的协同或制约因素的分析，把握产业现状和发展趋势，研究园区在新一轮发展周期的精细化产业定位和功能布局，以及促进园区与区域城市发展的螺旋式耦合发展模式，从而实现高质量发展目标。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>同时，智力机构通过对招商目标的政策需求分析，对园区的招商政策和服务政策提出整合建议；通过对园区开发建设及运营效益评价，为园区发展的盈利模式及开发规划提供可行性论证。这些都可以为园区管理或决策部门提供专业参考意见。<\/span><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"49\"]"},{"id":29,"title":"股权猛药不可滥用，变动需谨慎","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651037520,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651037641,"update_time":1651037641,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>0<\/span>1 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>为何不给股权反而能顺利合作<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><span style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">小新最近遇到了一位合作伙伴，给股权时合作伙伴在犹豫，不给股权反倒一拍即合。小新是这么跟我说的：<br\/><\/span><\/p><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【小新】李老师好！我是小新，我想跟一位在国际教育研究公益组织任职的美国朋友合作，因为他的教育理念、能力，以及这个公益组织的教育方法与我现在的创业项目都非常匹配。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【李老师】这是好事呀！<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【小新】过去我提到给他一些股权，可是不知道什么原因，他并没有表现出很大的兴趣。你能否帮我分析一下？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【李老师】先提一个假设：可能你并不需要给他股权。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【小新】我给出去一些股权并不会影响我的控制权，而且我也没钱给他发高额薪水，如果连股权都不分享，人家凭什么帮我呀？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【李老师】能被股权吸引来的人，首先要在意股权的收益，然后要相信你不会骗他，最后是他还要看好公司的发展前景。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">我猜测上面这三个条件他未必都满足。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【小新】为啥呢？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【李老师】对于他，来中国最重要的事情是要完成他的项目，这事关乎他自己未来的发展前途，不大可能为了一个前途未卜的股权耽误了正事。其次，你给的股权是中国公司的，万一有纠纷，他也没时间跟你打官司。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【小新】嗯，是这个道理。那我还有没有机会得到他的帮助呢？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【李老师】“知彼知己，百战不殆”，谈股权也是一样的，你对于合作伙伴的需求和特点都不了解，怎么能打动他与你合作呢？你这么跟他谈试试反应：<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">首先表达认可他们的教学理念，你愿意做他的小白鼠，在你的创业项目中按照他的规范去应用，并会按标准提供使用后的反馈信息，全力支持他的教育项目研究。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">你还会把他的教育理念和方法推荐给其他教育行业的创业者朋友，建议他们也按照自己的标准提供反馈。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">最后，你再承诺负责他在国内给予指导期间的食宿费用。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【小新】这主意不错！满足他最在意和关心的事，比给股权合适！做教育项目最重要的就是有足够的样本量，来证明自己的理论工具的普适性和可信度。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">【李老师】You got it！<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">小新用了这个思路洽谈，双方一拍即合，很快就谈妥了！而且费用也不用小新出，美国朋友每次来中国都属于正常出差，帮助小新做的事情也属于他在中国项目的一部分，美国朋友还被他老板夸善于在中国找资源。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"> <\/span><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>02  <\/span><\/span>超过40%的创业者在滥用股权<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">小新对股权情有独钟的情况并非个案，创业者们看到很多成功企业分享了股权，就简单地认为成功都是分享股权的功劳。很多创业者自己急于求成的欲望驱使，又不懂得换位思考对方的诉求等原因，导致创业者以为只要自己学会分享股权这一招鲜，就可以吃遍天，可惜事实却总是事与愿违。<br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">我粗略统计过，在经手的咨询案中，至少有40%的创业者把股权当成管理仙丹在滥用，不仅浪费了管理成本和股权资源，还无法取得预期的管理效果，甚至适得其反。还有一些创业者把股权激励这个管理工具当作时尚去追求，他却忘了：员工不一定拒绝时尚，但一定要以能获得实惠为前提。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">这跟股权的舆论环境也有很大关系，在搜索引擎中输入“股权”、“股权设计”、“股权激励”等关键词，能搜索到的除了咨询公司的广告，其余几乎全部都是鼓励使用股权的信息。输入“不用股权”、“股权的坏处”等反向关键词，则几乎搜不到有效的内容。由于种种原因，事实上超过40%的创业者都在滥用股权用于建立合作关系。股权是一剂猛药，用好了皆大欢喜，用不好伤人害己。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"> <\/span><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>03  <\/span><\/span>股权只是交易模式之一<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><span style=\"color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">创业者自身的资源和能力非常有限，为了获得公司在各阶段发展所需的核心资源，需要以开放的心态和共享的机制，向整个社会借力来完成自己的事业。这就需要与拥有资源的合作伙伴建立适当的交易关系。<br\/><\/span><\/p><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">最有效、最有诚意的第一步并不是立即开始股权合伙，而是走到对方的视角，真正理解他最重要的需求。认真思考现阶段除了用股权，是不是其他方式也可以达成合作。其他的交易模式有很多：比如一次性支付费用、长期外包、共同开发、项目合作等等。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">如果你手里只有锤子这一个工具，那看什么都会像是钉子。当认真审视所有交易模式的时候，会发现股权真是最好的方式吗？未必。小新洽谈的美国合作伙伴对于股权的需求就没那么大，看起来没那么有诚意的合作方式，反而是他最需要的。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">作为创业者，要去解决实际问题，而不应去追求管理新概念。股权虽然火爆，虽然在很多场合表现非常亮眼，但每种交易方式都有各自的适用条件和利弊，有投入产出比需要去计算。股权由于交易成本高、交易程序复杂、影响重大，它属于应当排在比较后面的备选选项。并且，股权虽好，并不是所有人都偏好股权的。我们要去了解对方希望采取什么样的方式，他们对于采取股权合伙还有哪些顾虑和要求，综合判断之后再决定。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">寻找股权合伙人，就像选择伴侣一样，在经历了相识、相知、相恋的了解过程后，才决定从此将与对方相守一生。股权合伙作为最紧密、最重要的交易关系，也需要有彼此认识了解、商业目标认同、价值观统一的过程，才能成为长久而稳固的股权合伙人。因此股权的启动应当非常慎重，不应当作为首选，也不可滥用。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">股权事关重大，创业者一定要懂得股权的内涵、理解人性、把握好使用股权的技巧和节奏，否则反而就会被股权所伤。世上没有最好的合作方式，只有选择此时、此地、此景最恰当的，才能真正实现双方的共赢。<\/span><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"60\"]"},{"id":28,"title":"发挥“创客中国”平台优势，助力双创项目持续高质量发展","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651037100,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651037502,"update_time":1651037502,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;\">  8月8日，2020年“创客中国”江西省数字化输配电产业应用专题赛在抚州市崇仁县变电小镇举行。<span style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;\">和君恒成合伙人陈骁，作为能源行业专家、输配电专题赛导师，参与了本期“创客中国”大赛的项目评审。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><section><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/uK7k4bAmmGGpBkCMCeH9VbhyPnmfPXR9MwZLL2Jf2RePo6WBnT795BcicyzvANeXgRD5THjiax7te8icFibC1cwPWQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/section><\/section><section>赛后，与会领导、嘉宾和参赛企业合影<\/span><\/p><br\/><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><section><span style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">  本次大赛是由江西省工业和信息化厅、江西省财政厅、江西省促进非公有制经济发展领导小组办公室联合指导，江西省中小企业创新联盟、崇仁县人民政府主办，崇仁县工业和信息化局、深圳中力企业管理顾问有限公司承办，江西省变电设备行业协会协办。江西省中小企业创新联盟秘书长仁平，抚州市工业和信息化局四级调研员罗冬华，抚州市工业和信息化局中小企业科科长辛小平，崇仁县工业和信息化局党委书记方宁继，崇仁县企业联合会企业家协会秘书长黄敏珊莅临比赛现场。<\/span><\/section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/section><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAskejXKzRBDkfyTl7vf4icrjgP32dlL1c6IGv3AAJM38iaqkNMmZ7OQzDI3zS8JRrDUIUYfIkBsdYg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">和君恒成合伙人陈骁参加现场评审<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><section><span style=\"text-indent: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">  为确保赛事公平公正，参赛企业能在参赛过程中收获更多的灵感、经验与帮助，组委会特邀资深专家评委现场点评、提问、打分。据悉，共有30家企业通过线上、线下路演形式参与本场比赛，多个项目获得了评委组专家老师的好评。<br\/><\/span><\/section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><span style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify;\"><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><span style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0em; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">  赛事期间，<\/span><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 32px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">和君恒成合伙人 、和君恒成能源产业研究中心主任陈骁<\/span>就输配电项目等话题接受了大赛的官方访谈。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section>Q:陈老师，能谈谈您对本次“创客中国”大赛策划的感受么？<\/span><\/section><section>    好<\/span>的<\/span>。<\/span>从<\/span>策<\/span>划<\/span>角<\/span>度<\/span>而<\/span>言<\/span>，<\/span>我<\/span>认<\/span>为<\/span>咱<\/span>们<\/span>“<\/span>创<\/span>客<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>”<\/span>大<\/span>赛<\/span>具<\/span>备<\/span>“<\/span>三个平台<\/strong>”<\/span>的<\/span>优<\/span>势<\/span>，<\/span>即创客展示自我的平台、创客链接资源的平台、创客持续成长的平台<\/strong>。<\/span>以输配电专题赛初赛为例：<\/span><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section>  1.在支持创客展示自我方面<\/strong>，本次大赛策划提出了导师陪跑的机制<\/strong>，通过承办方的组织，在赛前就开通了导师的指导渠道，帮助创客在报名和准备比赛资料的阶段就能得到专业指导，为创客展示自我奠定了更坚实的基础。<\/span><\/p>  2.在创客链接资源方面<\/strong>，通过承办方的科学策划与协调，分别从政府机构、投资人、持续创业者、管理咨询顾问等多个维度邀请导师，为创客链接政策和智力资源。<\/span><\/p>  3.在助力持续成长方面<\/strong>，不同从业背景的导师团队，以不同的视角、专业和实践进行耦合，从而能为创客项目的科学、健康发展提供较全面的持续成长建议。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/uK7k4bAmmGGMBjVB7VfsM45BuUicPCk6zpxNJdozgKyP6UibluM0Xw4ouzf8QRDgGvwAt3JxyPepGDZGP7jCSRUA\/640?wx_fmt=other\"\/><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section>Q:陈老师，您作为专注能源行业的专家和本次输配电专项赛的导师，能谈谈对输配电类双创项目的感受么？<\/span><br\/><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section>电能将成为能源消费绝对主体，能源工业与循环经济的核心。<\/strong>在能源侧及电力需求侧，电能占终端能源消费比重将持续提高，预计到2035年比重将接近40%，2050年将超过50%，成为能源消费的绝对主体。同时，随着大数据、云计算、物联网、移动互联、人工智能和区块链技术的不断迭代，在加快能源互联网建设的同时，倒逼企业向数据化、智能化转型的趋势不动摇。因此我非常看好在输配电领域能够运用新技术，主动拥抱能源互联网的双创项目。<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section>Q:陈老师，您对大赛未来还有什么建议和期许呢？<\/span><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section>从宏观层面来谈，根据习总书记参加全国政协十三届三次会议提出的精神，大赛应该更关注科技创新项目，特别是在数字经济、智能制造、生命健康、新材料等战略性新兴产业方面多发掘和帮扶好项目。<\/strong>从江西省本身的产业优势来谈，主要包括基于本省发展基础良好的产业集群，<\/strong>如：稀土产业、VR产业、输配电产业等，大赛应该成为这类项目高质量发展和创新突破的推进力量。<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"38\"]"},{"id":27,"title":"如何打造营销团队","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651035540,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651035660,"update_time":1651035660,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">  营销队伍是促进公司成长、扩大市场份额和提高获利能力的关键因素之一，打造一支高效、忠诚、团结、专业的营销团队，是企业开拓市场、占领市场的基石和利剑，也是企业可能具备持久市场竞争优势的重要保证，没有优秀的销售团队，销售任务就如同空中楼阁，难以实现。企业应该如何招聘、选拔和培养营销人员呢？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCsTYkDxlRRNId9oJzEfEtGf9PGUxEicVPVhHDKUdlia8uDsZbvBibUbzzSNbEwZ9npCcxicPFahCFPnA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>0<\/span>1<\/span><\/span>销售人员招聘和选拔<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/p>（一）<\/span><\/strong>通过什么途径招聘？<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">一方面通过企业内部人员或熟人推荐，另一方面通过专业的招聘网站搜索，再者是通过大专院校招聘管培生，尽量不要同业挖人。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><section><section>（二）<\/span><\/strong>招聘选拔什么样的人？<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">招聘选拔时要关注三个关键词：态度、经历和表现。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">态度是首要关注的，营销人员要表现的诚恳、谦虚、踏实、积极、热情、渴望，力求上进，善于学习，而不是急躁、敷衍、浮夸、傲慢等，宁可招聘态度好的缺乏工作经验的人培养，也要慎用不踏实的行业“老油条”。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">其次关注工作经历，对于有工作经验的人而言，工作经历远远比他的学历重要，以前所处的工作环境和以前所从事的工作最能反映他的需求特征和能力特征，特别是对区域市场熟悉的人员。另外，从应聘者的工作经历中还可以反映出他的价值观和价值取向，对于前期工作调动频繁的慎用。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">再次关注现场表现，要具有较强的语言表达和书面表达能力，良好的个人形象和沟通能力，一定的文化和专业知识或销售工作经验，具有良好的心理素质和承受能力，要关注穿着得体、行为举止、商务礼仪等。尽可能为应聘者提供更多的表现机会，比如：让应聘者提供更详尽的能证明自己工作能力的材料，可以提一些能够让应聘者充分发挥自己才能的问题，如：“如果让你做这件事，你将怎么办?”，“在以前工作中，你最满意的是哪一项工作?”等等。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>02 <\/span><\/span>销售人员培训和试用<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/p><span style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">对于新招聘的营销人员，不能到岗后就直接开发市场或接触客户，必须要经过培训和试用阶段。首先要从行业特点、企业历程、业务现状、产品结构、产品卖点、企业文化、公司制度、部门职责、岗位职责等方面进行培训；进一步的培训包括员工心态、商务礼仪、渠道拓展、区域市场规划、市场运作策略等方面；试用先从市场调研和促销活动开始，划定区域，给出期限，做好表单，每日计划总结、周计划周总结、月度汇总评价等。<br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">经过试用期后的选用去留，根据工作态度、工作完成情况、纪律情况以及合理化建议等方面对新招聘人员进行评价；对新招聘人员要有耐心，不一定马上体现出业绩，要多加以指导、帮助和培训。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>03 <\/span><\/span>营销人员个性化培养<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/p><span style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">每一位营销人员都要成为直接面对客户提供综合增值服务的专业顾问，但是每一位营销人员的基础不同，故公司需针对不同的员工进行个性化的培养。<br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><section><section>（一）<\/span><\/strong>对于新加入的能力比较弱的业务员，进行“指挥型”培养。 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">对于新的业务员，要逐步培养他们的自信心，可以安排一些联系好的业务让他们去执行，使他们能够快速成长。重点是加强产品知识、沟通技能、客户经验和市场策略等方面的内容，提高其客户沟通能力和市场管理能力。具体方式包括开展入职培训，让新员工更深入地了解业务、产品、文化、制度等，提高营销人员的基本素质和业务技能，培训的形式可采用经验交流、模拟演练、成功分享、案例分析等。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><section><section>（二）<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;\">对于正在成长中的业务员，进行“教练型”培养。<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">对于正在成长的业务员要及时表扬，不断提高他们的工作积极性；同时要及时发现和纠正他们工作中的不正确的做法，防止学到一些不良的习惯。重点是加强职业素质、营销理论和产品服务技术等内容，提高其客户服务和客户经营指导的能力。要求其定期巡访和维护客户，保持经常性的沟通，积极主动地帮助客户解决经营管理中的实际困难和问题，为客户提供经营计划、产品展示、库存管理、客户服务等方面指导和帮助。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><section><section>（三）<\/span><\/strong>对于已经成长起来的业务员，进行“放权型”培养<\/span>。<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">对于已经培养起来的业务员，要适当赋予他们的一定的权力，比如下属业务管理权、策划实施权等，使他们能够感觉到对他们的重视，增强他们的凝聚力。重点是在职业发展、个人成长、物质激励、精神激励等方面，从原来的优秀业务员中选出能力突出者提升为管理者，赋予其责任和权利，加强对其管理知识和技能的培训，疑人不用，用人不疑。<\/span><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":1,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"56\"]"},{"id":26,"title":"煤化工行业发展研究报告——运营实践篇","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651035420,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651035512,"update_time":1651035512,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">上期《煤化工行业发展研究报告——产品市场篇》重点关注了煤化工行业子类产品的市场研究内容。本期《煤化工行业发展研究报告——运营实践篇》将着重分析行业标杆企业的竞争优势。后续还将继续发布本研究报告的最后一部分——供给分析篇，敬请期待。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgrNmzY069LNueSzBQr88jQa8CqPL4iaALFkib8ibdsT5W9xL3jmV3wpnYw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgzoeqnwCH9ibtEEia0t737ia6REMJB6NVZyJeyQutULibTgsS4Vjag4oHmA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: 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style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgLt3eFudVZNjqksVRtfgGe3T3UvzBAhd7Y64icnTf9RxloBf53bickKYg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgqoJZVoQLAU6lRPicfKplTmkgCYsSFfuc2uGEAmZLe6CwzWR8r4FtmyA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgTnzChetpv5FVXuCCwWbGVAWpVrVP5UDFYXibMCFKxJfa3BbibufkAu3Q\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgegloxJXFCnuZv1sAP8BRjzjvjgB3ibDqcIqFT5fVzJgl4FR1zt8CAOQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFg1rKlSRPU74PmklwE0ez95BkIGDzvgricpbSyiaYhnsp9CRxrofib29owQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgRetR1vwxt57bClEVabcWyQk0uzNdefGouT0sFHW27RTU6FIyhrSAEQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgMU84Qw840ep71eHmQFKAotMtZicolm9nZKzTTd7v8Xr5L29IBmhkjuA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgYqeDenKKQQqM1ggR44Uzgiamr2XhG7w41yKCReotuMOrNsicFEz1W9Ww\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgVAq47srkYXGPQXTlm22ibeLMx1I4ohqlUuGF5cBvxr7hpicTcGBBib31g\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgHsNMvPOa1Z5dPPo2Picd163dXrYfndVCttx7azb2SB73icGvZY0qE4Ag\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgoZ0tcjlwlqbj2og7uM5iaJOQ9dZYyJFfe5DJicFZ3Lg70jmg1svDVxmw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFg9gR6w1sLibcnNA20GTXViaSkj30viaZ2TGWpIrJSqQQgzY7PqbLkm8xQQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgy3ibn9jwenEdd3meaRVqNleN9QPfQYG95icic3WTyvNt7Ul69XoEibCnLA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFg5SibNa23SiaBUu00KbEesdicDQIzEFzwhZeFqf7lmsY4YM7rbr5DaQyZw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgcY883F5xlkLLZ6U6ElFza90etqGL7nKnHiahphBHD3GxsnRZ7ibB099w\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgwB7nqQCE5Z9lzT1ibv69j4ibHgGQ6M5Bfmr8Gj1wKicahOJD4UkmZvzjg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgOQ81GgT3KvlPFG70JjmvIQ8aeSmLqqic4LHrUicYxEEUAmOicjnJWiaQ0Q\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgd00Y41K1MnK0nzlL356bvpxyQafy6GPfAl4ib4VUNW6pPbyjdQI1fHw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgeguMFq5crN6IAWL2amxNqUOYuGhmbRvYjLictpCd9icHdZyBXhUCmZZw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgichjnriasibeibrlAaaySkmUa2z5iceePAc5A6Q1iareUKiabpQkmrjRO4sFA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KBBCiagcLPYmrLpj0rambkFgcXZmma61QszibM9C0rq3HK914E0uicGgvhGhoXcoty4KeA1WebofZV9w\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"38\"]"},{"id":25,"title":"煤化工行业发展研究报告——供给分析篇","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651035000,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651035390,"update_time":1651035390,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">上期《<\/span>煤化工行业发展研究报告——<\/span>运营实践篇》着重分析了行业标杆企业的竞争优势，本期为煤化行业报告的最后一篇——供给分析篇，将重点关注煤炭与供应商的分析内容。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">本章核心观点如下：<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">① 煤炭市场：<br\/><\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><li>2020年市场整体将延续宽松格局，煤化工原料供应基本稳定；宏观调控下煤炭价格波动不大，煤化工主要原料价格呈稳定趋势；进口煤炭占总量的比例或将减小，煤化工进口原料比例也将缩小；<\/span><\/p><\/li><li>供需逆向分布凸显，“三西”地区煤化工产业更具区位优势；生产逐步向中西部集中，该区域煤化工企业区位优势更加凸显；<\/span><\/p><\/li><li>产业集中度将进一步提高，无矿煤化工企业议价处于弱势。<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">② 煤化工设备供应商：<\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><li>设备投资占比最高（占50%），设备需求触底反弹；<\/span><\/p><\/li><li>空分装备是煤化工的关键装备，市场已形成寡头垄断，且市场需求巨大，其次为压力容器设备；<\/span><\/p><\/li><li>由于设备集中度较高，价格优先权掌握在作为龙头企业的设备供应商手中。<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">③ 设计院与项目供应商：<\/span><\/p><ul class=\" list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><li>规划设计院以原化工部下属9大设计院为主、中石油\/中石化下属设计院为辅，且形成各自的专业领域与优势项目；<\/span><\/p><\/li><li>项目建设供应商市场主体为中石油、中石化、中国化学及一些民营企业，其中以中国化学最具竞争优势、市场业绩占优。<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAKWyLbeYsX6G9xhljblScw90jsqwekthpX8vKc2S2axQQQGNTCRMEIrrTgSzvtpSCr38IQBbibZiaQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); 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style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAKWyLbeYsX6G9xhljblScw8SRVGJyGbgS1OcTuHmJBN7uibOWEJVEYsCf3v4ImznmBuK1rkBof9jw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAKWyLbeYsX6G9xhljblScw2K7WxBP1F9uUojozf31BDY3k7FeG7icVo7Ah29rn71xaah2qal3IKZw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; 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53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAKWyLbeYsX6G9xhljblScwOe7ib9pzgGObicuZzNN0jYu11lZtjSbfoMibq95OYWUqg8Y7EzANLZsUw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAKWyLbeYsX6G9xhljblScwxbFvOiaz10fbvDWFWEFhgZVJ07dDZxWfSDQMnLzN53YY3KDdUVGlHibw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAKWyLbeYsX6G9xhljblScw1VdNzjbPVe9QsvKNLpqJ2dDz8h5TcJO77XgIDmjibmNLgwicLicyPfPzQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAKWyLbeYsX6G9xhljblScwvUhAbiac5BzIbzranujrjyMdibRm9Cy3mx8mICZyjYXABXpMNEf5ZjVQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"38\"]"},{"id":24,"title":"没有支付能力的激励对象，可以用哪种股权模式？","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651034340,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651034477,"update_time":1651034477,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  每个企业都会有能力强、业绩好的员工，这批员工也是企业做股权激励的首选对象。然而一部分员工由于初入职场积累较少，或者家庭负担较重，往往在公司实施股权激励的时候有资格认购却没有支付能力，导致股权激励方案难以开展。<br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAmCHt1qbiagfxIcVp3vwUMj8CgDyNL47CrhS4Ggb4nHBsk5ibKibjHTAl7BPTn525ibBL4Iu9ibexE6og\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  华为为了解决这类员工的困境，采用了TUP (Time Unit Plan) 模式——员工不需要出资，达成对应条件后可获得分红+增值收益（内部确认的增值）。TUP模式要求实施企业有足够的利润空间、足够的现金流支持，并且参与TUP的激励对象无法参与外部资本运作带来的股权增值收益。华为有充足的现金流，也没有上市计划，员工的诉求就是现金回报，TUP对于华为而言非常适合。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  很多企业并不适合TUP，一方面，公司没有足够的利润，另一方面，公司可能有独立上市或者被上市公司收购的诉求，员工也期待资本市场的表现。这种情况下，员工想要获得的是经过工商注册的股权。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  那么，不能采用TUP，激励对象暂时没有支付能力，但又期待得到注册的公司股权，这种情况还能做股权激励吗？应该采用什么股权激励模式呢？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  某生物科技公司——甲公司的CEO张总最近就遇到了这个问题。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  甲公司已成立两年，主营业务是生物试剂研发。试剂的研发周期很长，少则两三年，多则五年，公司在研发期间几乎没有利润，主要靠初始投入资金和投资机构的融资来支付薪酬和其他运营成本。公司引入过一轮天使投资，融资资金已经使用超过50%。<\/span>现有员工五十多人，一半以上是技术人员。研发期间技术人员拿基础薪酬，不定期有奖金，占大头的分红要在试剂成功上市后才拿到。技术人员长期面临的状态是工作压力大、薪酬低，试剂能否成功上市有巨大的不确定性。并非每个人都能挺过漫长的研发期，因此公司的技术人员流动率居高不下。技术人员是科技公司的主力，张总认为必须解决高流动的问题。一方面，为了加快研发进程，张总请来他的博士导师李院士做技术指导，进展明显。同时，张总也经常给员工打气，按照目前的研发进程，公司拿到生产许可指日可待；一旦试剂成功上市，发放奖金或者利润分红都能实现。如果公司能在支持技术研发型企业的科创板上市，那大家将获得一笔巨大财富。仅仅口头承诺效果是不够的，公司管理层计划在高流动率的研发期推出一个股权激励计划，作为公司激励体系的重要补充。但刚开始的员工调研就让张总的心凉了半截。大多数员工表示无力购买公司股权，除非送股。的确，这些核心技术人员多是硕士或者博士毕业不久，加上公司一直低薪，只能维持基本生活，哪有钱购买股权呢？<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  张总要求管理层必须解决这个问题，核心人才不稳定必定导致研发周期拉长，试剂上市时间拖得越久，大家越没有耐心，极有可能进入人才流失与进度延期的恶性循环。<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>层<\/span>认<\/span>为<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>目<\/span>前<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>利<\/span>润<\/span>，<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>采<\/span>用<\/span>虚<\/span>拟<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>和<\/span>T<\/span>U<\/span>P<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>，<\/span>首<\/span>先<\/span>提<\/span>出<\/span>了<\/span>不<\/span>出<\/span>资<\/span>的<\/span>干<\/span>股<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>，<\/span>直<\/span>接<\/span>就<\/span>被<\/span>张<\/span>总<\/span>否<\/span>决<\/span>了<\/span>。<\/span>张<\/span>总<\/span>认<\/span>为<\/span>一<\/span>分<\/span>钱<\/span>不<\/span>掏<\/span>，<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>不<\/span>会<\/span>有<\/span>压<\/span>力<\/span>和<\/span>动<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>那<\/span>样<\/span>的<\/span>话<\/span>不<\/span>如<\/span>不<\/span>做<\/span>。<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>层<\/span>后<\/span>来<\/span>提<\/span>出<\/span>新<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>一<\/span>到<\/span>两<\/span>折<\/span>的<\/span>价<\/span>格<\/span>卖<\/span>给<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>，<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>降<\/span>低<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>购<\/span>买<\/span>压<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>又<\/span>拿<\/span>不<\/span>准<\/span>低<\/span>价<\/span>授<\/span>予<\/span>是<\/span>否<\/span>对<\/span>后<\/span>续<\/span>的<\/span>融<\/span>资<\/span>有<\/span>影<\/span>响<\/span>，<\/span>于<\/span>是<\/span>请<\/span>来<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>专<\/span>家<\/span>李<\/span>老<\/span>师<\/span>给<\/span>予<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  李老师指出，实施股权激励，员工以低价购买股权，确实一定程度上解决了员工支付能力不足的问题。但这对公司也有影响，在财务上将被视为用股份部分支付了员工的薪资，通常会将公允价值与实际行权价格的差额计为股份支付，纳入管理费用，从而冲减公司利润。如果公司近期有上市规划，这有可能导致公司报告期内的利润情况满足不了上市的财务要求。如果能不影响公司资本规划，同时解决员工支付能力问题，这样一举两得的方案才是最好的。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  李老师了解到试剂研发有阶段性的里程碑，虽然完成时间无法确定，但里程碑是清晰的。以往公司会在完成每个里程碑时，给员工发放业绩奖金。奖金已经含在公司研发预算里，初步测算天使融资的现金流还可以支持该预算方案的实施。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  最终，李老师指导公司采用了业绩股票模式——达成里程碑目标的核心员工可以使用业绩奖金购买公司股权。<\/span>这个模式解决了员工支付能力的问题。认购资金来源于业绩奖金，不需要员工额外筹资，同时员工可以延期使用未来的钱购买股权，依然享受当下的优惠价格，从时间上、空间上都解决了员工支付能力的问题。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  也许您会问：这些奖金都是从公司账上拿出来的，奖金直接发给员工再让他们购买股权的方式，与做业绩股票有什么区别呢？从人性角度考虑，一笔钱的所有权感受是不同的。如果提前签署好业绩股票的授予协议，员工在自己的财务预算中不会再把业绩奖金作为一项可支配收入，因为这笔钱已经有了归属——购买公司股权。如果没有业绩股票，这一笔钱有各种各样的用途——出国旅游、家里装修、买个心爱的奢侈品…...奖金发到口袋里再拿出来，难度大很多，甚至可能因为资金的支配方式引发家庭矛盾。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"> <\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  对公司未来的影响方面，经过反复测算后，在保证股份支付不影响公司上市规划的前提下，确定员工可按五折行权。这也大大减轻了员工的支付压力。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">  最关键的好处是业绩股票模式将最大程度带动员工积极性。购买股权的资金只能来源于奖金，公司主动限制了资金来源，员工如果想多获得股权，必须努力工作获得优秀的业绩，才有可能拿出更多的奖金购买有巨大增值潜力的股权。这样的模式设计，实现了员工贡献与股权收益严格对应的内部激励闭环，这才是员工股权激励应该达成的最本质目标。<\/span><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":5,"type":1,"fid_json":"[\"87\"]"},{"id":23,"title":"“做强做优做大”是国企重组整合指挥棒","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651034220,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651034334,"update_time":1651034334,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 7px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">近<\/span>日<\/span>，<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>总<\/span>裁<\/span>、<\/span><\/span><\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>改<\/span>制<\/span>研<\/span>究<\/span>院<\/span>院<\/span>长<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>唐<\/span>乐<\/span>民<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>，<\/span>接<\/span>受<\/span>了<\/span>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span>杂<\/span>志<\/span>的<\/span>专<\/span>访<\/span>，<\/span>就<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>的<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>发<\/span>表<\/span>了<\/span>见<\/span>解<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>下<\/span>是<\/span>本<\/span>次<\/span>受<\/span>访<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>的<\/span>精<\/span>华<\/span>摘<\/span>录<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/span><\/strong><\/p><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAt0Sa2hmsAekcThwVHNFBWpytYWlozNROLq6eOIp2kWH9hP4hJZrliaDCCHmayECYjqibibsPqIex8w\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><section>近<\/span>年<\/span>来<\/span>，<\/span>从<\/span>中<\/span>央<\/span>到<\/span>地<\/span>方<\/span>，<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>潮<\/span>起<\/span>。<\/span>特<\/span>别<\/span>是<\/span>最<\/span>近<\/span>，<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>省<\/span>接<\/span>连<\/span>公<\/span>布<\/span>了<\/span><\/span><\/span>3<\/span><\/span>起<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>，<\/span>涉<\/span>及<\/span>多<\/span>户<\/span>省<\/span>属<\/span>一<\/span>级<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>，<\/span>引<\/span>发<\/span>广<\/span>泛<\/span>关<\/span>注<\/span>。<\/span>围<\/span>绕<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>背<\/span>景<\/span>、<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>、<\/span>难<\/span>点<\/span>及<\/span>破<\/span>解<\/span>之<\/span>道<\/span>等<\/span>热<\/span>点<\/span>话<\/span>题<\/span>，<\/span>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span>记<\/span>者<\/span>与<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>改<\/span>制<\/span>研<\/span>究<\/span>院<\/span>院<\/span>长<\/span><\/span><\/span>唐<\/span>乐<\/span>民<\/span><\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>了<\/span>交<\/span>流<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/p> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>0<\/span>1 <\/span><\/span>瞄<\/span>准<\/span>“<\/span>做<\/span>强<\/span>做<\/span>优<\/span>做<\/span>大<\/span>”<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/p><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>近<\/span>日<\/span>，<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>省<\/span>接<\/span>连<\/span>公<\/span>布<\/span>了<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>能<\/span>源<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>与<\/span>兖<\/span>矿<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>、<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>高<\/span>速<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>与<\/span>齐<\/span>鲁<\/span>交<\/span>通<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>及<\/span>涉<\/span>及<\/span>国<\/span>泰<\/span>租<\/span>赁<\/span>等<\/span><\/span><\/span>5<\/span><\/span>户<\/span>省<\/span>属<\/span>一<\/span>级<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>，<\/span>引<\/span>发<\/span>广<\/span>泛<\/span>关<\/span>注<\/span>。<\/span>从<\/span>全<\/span>国<\/span>范<\/span>围<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>并<\/span>非<\/span>特<\/span>例<\/span>。<\/span>从<\/span>中<\/span>央<\/span>到<\/span>地<\/span>方<\/span>，<\/span>近<\/span>年<\/span>来<\/span>可<\/span>谓<\/span>掀<\/span>起<\/span>了<\/span>一<\/span>股<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>热<\/span>潮<\/span>。<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>这<\/span>种<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>的<\/span>初<\/span>衷<\/span>是<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>比<\/span>如<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>存<\/span>在<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>区<\/span>域<\/span>重<\/span>合<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>，<\/span>为<\/span>了<\/span>减<\/span>少<\/span>所<\/span>谓<\/span>的<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>内<\/span>部<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>”<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>唐<\/span>乐<\/span>民<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>不<\/span>能<\/span>将<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>初<\/span>衷<\/span>简<\/span>单<\/span>理<\/span>解<\/span>为<\/span>区<\/span>域<\/span>重<\/span>合<\/span>、<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>近<\/span>似<\/span>等<\/span>表<\/span>观<\/span>现<\/span>象<\/span>，<\/span>应<\/span>从<\/span>更<\/span>加<\/span>深<\/span>刻<\/span>的<\/span>视<\/span>角<\/span>来<\/span>看<\/span>待<\/span>这<\/span>个<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>，<\/span>立<\/span>足<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>的<\/span>现<\/span>实<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>和<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>转<\/span>型<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>的<\/span>大<\/span>势<\/span>所<\/span>趋<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>事<\/span>实<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>种<\/span>热<\/span>潮<\/span>与<\/span>本<\/span>轮<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>做<\/span>强<\/span>做<\/span>优<\/span>做<\/span>大<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>导<\/span>向<\/span>紧<\/span>密<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>。<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>而<\/span>言<\/span>，<\/span>近<\/span>年<\/span>来<\/span>我<\/span>国<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>频<\/span>繁<\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span><\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>意<\/span>图<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>归<\/span>纳<\/span>为<\/span>三<\/span>个<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span>一<\/span>是<\/span>瞄<\/span>准<\/span>培<\/span>育<\/span>世<\/span>界<\/span>一<\/span>流<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>，<\/span><\/span>意<\/span>在<\/span>为<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>走<\/span>出<\/span>去<\/span>”<\/span>参<\/span>与<\/span>国<\/span>际<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>做<\/span>准<\/span>备<\/span>；<\/span>二<\/span>是<\/span>助<\/span>力<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>转<\/span>型<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span><\/span>高<\/span>质<\/span>量<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span><\/span><\/span>，<\/span><\/span>意<\/span>在<\/span>淘<\/span>汰<\/span>落<\/span>后<\/span>产<\/span>能<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>轻<\/span>装<\/span>上<\/span>阵<\/span>”<\/span>；<\/span>三<\/span>是<\/span>发<\/span>挥<\/span>协<\/span>同<\/span>效<\/span>应<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span><\/span>，<\/span>意<\/span>在<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>全<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>链<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>格<\/span>局<\/span><\/span><\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>山<\/span>东<\/span>省<\/span>近<\/span>几<\/span>年<\/span>的<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>正<\/span>是<\/span>紧<\/span>紧<\/span>瞄<\/span>准<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>做<\/span>强<\/span>做<\/span>优<\/span>做<\/span>大<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span><\/span>。<\/span>像<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>港<\/span>口<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>建<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>消<\/span>除<\/span>各<\/span>港<\/span>口<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>的<\/span>恶<\/span>性<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>，<\/span>另<\/span>一<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>合<\/span>力<\/span>深<\/span>推<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>链<\/span>的<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>。<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>能<\/span>源<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>和<\/span>兖<\/span>矿<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>的<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>，<\/span>压<\/span>减<\/span>省<\/span>内<\/span>煤<\/span>炭<\/span>产<\/span>能<\/span>是<\/span>一<\/span>大<\/span>原<\/span>因<\/span>。<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>省<\/span>《<\/span>关<\/span>于<\/span>公<\/span>布<\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>年<\/span>全<\/span>省<\/span>化<\/span>解<\/span>煤<\/span>炭<\/span>过<\/span>剩<\/span>产<\/span>能<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>的<\/span>通<\/span>知<\/span>》<\/span><\/span>显<\/span>示<\/span>，<\/span>今<\/span>年<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>省<\/span>计<\/span>划<\/span>化<\/span>解<\/span>煤<\/span>炭<\/span>过<\/span>剩<\/span>产<\/span>能<\/span><\/span><\/span>9<\/span>9<\/span>4<\/span>万<\/span>吨<\/span><\/span>。<\/span>除<\/span>了<\/span>去<\/span>产<\/span>能<\/span>的<\/span>政<\/span>策<\/span>形<\/span>势<\/span>，<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>省<\/span>的<\/span>煤<\/span>炭<\/span>开<\/span>发<\/span>还<\/span>面<\/span>临<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>条<\/span>件<\/span>趋<\/span>劣<\/span>的<\/span>客<\/span>观<\/span>现<\/span>状<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>走<\/span>出<\/span>去<\/span>”<\/span>是<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>煤<\/span>炭<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>未<\/span>来<\/span>获<\/span>取<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>途<\/span>径<\/span>，<\/span>转<\/span>型<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>则<\/span>是<\/span>其<\/span>长<\/span>远<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>的<\/span>必<\/span>由<\/span>之<\/span>路<\/span>。<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>能<\/span>源<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>和<\/span>兖<\/span>矿<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>后<\/span>成<\/span>为<\/span>仅<\/span>次<\/span>于<\/span>国<\/span>家<\/span>能<\/span>源<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>的<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>第<\/span>二<\/span>大<\/span>煤<\/span>炭<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>，<\/span>有<\/span>助<\/span>于<\/span>减<\/span>少<\/span>省<\/span>内<\/span>煤<\/span>炭<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>同<\/span>质<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>，<\/span>增<\/span>强<\/span>“<\/span>走<\/span>出<\/span>去<\/span>”<\/span>实<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>集<\/span>聚<\/span>更<\/span>大<\/span>力<\/span>量<\/span>向<\/span>新<\/span>兴<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>转<\/span>型<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>：<\/span>围<\/span>绕<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>做<\/span>强<\/span>做<\/span>优<\/span>做<\/span>大<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>，<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>国<\/span>际<\/span>知<\/span>名<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>的<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>可<\/span>以<\/span>给<\/span>我<\/span>们<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>启<\/span>发<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>唐<\/span>乐<\/span>民<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>如<\/span>果<\/span>我<\/span>们<\/span>把<\/span>视<\/span>野<\/span>放<\/span>得<\/span>更<\/span>开<\/span>阔<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>，<\/span>从<\/span>世<\/span>界<\/span>范<\/span>围<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>特<\/span>别<\/span>是<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>知<\/span>名<\/span>跨<\/span>国<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>巨<\/span>头<\/span>的<\/span>崛<\/span>起<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>，<\/span>会<\/span>发<\/span>现<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>做<\/span>强<\/span>做<\/span>优<\/span>做<\/span>大<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>有<\/span>效<\/span>路<\/span>径<\/span>。<\/span>而<\/span>且<\/span>，<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span><\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>不<\/span>局<\/span>限<\/span>在<\/span>某<\/span>个<\/span>区<\/span>域<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>美<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>实<\/span>践<\/span>就<\/span>充<\/span>分<\/span>证<\/span>明<\/span>了<\/span>这<\/span>一<\/span>点<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span><\/span>世<\/span>纪<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>9<\/span>0<\/span><\/span>年<\/span>代<\/span>以<\/span>来<\/span>，<\/span>美<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>掀<\/span>起<\/span>了<\/span><\/span>以<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>规<\/span>模<\/span>大<\/span><\/span>、<\/span><\/span><\/span>全<\/span>方<\/span>位<\/span><\/span>和<\/span><\/span><\/span>跨<\/span>界<\/span><\/span>化<\/span><\/span><\/span>”<\/span>为<\/span>特<\/span>点<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>浪<\/span>潮<\/span>，<\/span>迄<\/span>今<\/span>方<\/span>兴<\/span>未<\/span>艾<\/span><\/span>的<\/span>原<\/span>因<\/span>正<\/span>是<\/span>从<\/span>中<\/span>尝<\/span>到<\/span>了<\/span>甜<\/span>头<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span><\/span>对<\/span>于<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>融<\/span>入<\/span>新<\/span>一<\/span>轮<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>革<\/span>命<\/span>浪<\/span>潮<\/span>、<\/span>应<\/span>对<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>全<\/span>球<\/span>化<\/span>、<\/span>增<\/span>强<\/span>自<\/span>身<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>力<\/span>均<\/span>具<\/span>有<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>的<\/span>促<\/span>进<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>。<\/span>比<\/span>如<\/span>，<\/span><\/span><\/span>美<\/span>国<\/span>波<\/span>音<\/span>飞<\/span>机<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>兼<\/span>并<\/span>美<\/span>国<\/span>麦<\/span>道<\/span>飞<\/span>机<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>，<\/span>成<\/span>为<\/span>世<\/span>界<\/span>最<\/span>大<\/span>的<\/span>军<\/span>用<\/span>和<\/span>民<\/span>用<\/span>航<\/span>空<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span><\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>了<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>力<\/span>；<\/span>美<\/span>国<\/span>克<\/span>莱<\/span>斯<\/span>勒<\/span>汽<\/span>车<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>与<\/span>德<\/span>国<\/span>戴<\/span>姆<\/span>勒<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>后<\/span><\/span><\/span>的<\/span>实<\/span>力<\/span>咄<\/span>咄<\/span>逼<\/span>人<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>采<\/span>购<\/span>、<\/span>营<\/span>销<\/span>、<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span><\/span>等<\/span><\/span><\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>展<\/span>开<\/span>协<\/span>作<\/span>，<\/span><\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span><\/span><\/span>降<\/span>低<\/span>成<\/span>本<\/span>、<\/span>方<\/span>便<\/span>研<\/span>究<\/span><\/span>的<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>效<\/span>应<\/span><\/span><\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>：<\/span>从<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>省<\/span>近<\/span>日<\/span>公<\/span>布<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>既<\/span>有<\/span>省<\/span>属<\/span>一<\/span>级<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>两<\/span>两<\/span>联<\/span>合<\/span>，<\/span>比<\/span>如<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>高<\/span>速<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>与<\/span>齐<\/span>鲁<\/span>交<\/span>通<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>的<\/span>联<\/span>合<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>；<\/span>又<\/span>有<\/span>产<\/span>权<\/span>直<\/span>接<\/span>划<\/span>转<\/span>，<\/span>比<\/span>如<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>省<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>委<\/span>将<\/span>持<\/span>有<\/span>的<\/span>国<\/span>泰<\/span>租<\/span>赁<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>3<\/span>3<\/span>.<\/span>3<\/span>3<\/span>%<\/span><\/span>的<\/span>国<\/span>有<\/span>产<\/span>权<\/span>及<\/span>享<\/span>有<\/span>的<\/span>权<\/span>益<\/span>无<\/span>偿<\/span>划<\/span>转<\/span>至<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>惠<\/span>，<\/span>国<\/span>泰<\/span>租<\/span>赁<\/span>成<\/span>为<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>惠<\/span>的<\/span>全<\/span>资<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>。<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>企<\/span>业<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>一<\/span>般<\/span>分<\/span>为<\/span>哪<\/span>几<\/span>种<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>类<\/span>型<\/span>？<\/span>对<\/span>应<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>的<\/span>是<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>唐<\/span>乐<\/span>民<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>关<\/span>于<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>，<\/span>依<\/span>据<\/span>不<\/span>同<\/span>的<\/span>标<\/span>准<\/span>，<\/span>学<\/span>界<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>的<\/span>分<\/span>类<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>多<\/span>。<\/span>从<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>来<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>常<\/span>用<\/span>的<\/span>有<\/span>三<\/span>类<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>一<\/span>是<\/span>横<\/span>向<\/span>式<\/span>的<\/span>同<\/span>业<\/span>间<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>。<\/span>这<\/span>种<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>包<\/span>括<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>间<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>强<\/span>强<\/span>联<\/span>合<\/span>”<\/span>型<\/span>的<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>，<\/span><\/span>比<\/span>如<\/span>，<\/span>央<\/span>企<\/span>层<\/span>面<\/span>南<\/span>北<\/span>车<\/span>的<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>有<\/span>这<\/span>次<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>省<\/span>的<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>高<\/span>速<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>和<\/span>齐<\/span>鲁<\/span>交<\/span>通<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>、<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>能<\/span>源<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>与<\/span>兖<\/span>矿<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>的<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>等<\/span>。<\/span>其<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>目<\/span>的<\/span>在<\/span>于<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>集<\/span>中<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>化<\/span>解<\/span>过<\/span>剩<\/span>产<\/span>能<\/span>，<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>规<\/span>模<\/span>效<\/span>应<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>力<\/span>。<\/span>横<\/span>向<\/span>式<\/span>的<\/span>同<\/span>业<\/span>间<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>还<\/span>包<\/span>括<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>强<\/span>并<\/span>弱<\/span>”<\/span>型<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>，<\/span>如<\/span>港<\/span>中<\/span>旅<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>国<\/span>旅<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>等<\/span>，<\/span>其<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>目<\/span>的<\/span>在<\/span>于<\/span>减<\/span>少<\/span><\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>委<\/span>的<\/span>直<\/span>接<\/span>控<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>更<\/span>加<\/span>以<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>为<\/span>导<\/span>向<\/span>的<\/span>运<\/span>作<\/span>。<\/span>二<\/span>是<\/span>纵<\/span>向<\/span>式<\/span>的<\/span>沿<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>链<\/span>上<\/span>下<\/span>游<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>。<\/span>近<\/span>几<\/span>年<\/span>这<\/span>种<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>表<\/span>现<\/span>为<\/span>利<\/span>用<\/span>资<\/span>本<\/span>运<\/span>营<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>吸<\/span>收<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>或<\/span>跨<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>兼<\/span>并<\/span>，<\/span>如<\/span>中<\/span>粮<\/span>与<\/span>中<\/span>纺<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>、<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>机<\/span>械<\/span>工<\/span>业<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>与<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>恒<\/span>天<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>实<\/span>施<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>等<\/span>，<\/span>其<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>目<\/span>的<\/span>在<\/span>于<\/span>延<\/span>伸<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>链<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>协<\/span>同<\/span>效<\/span>应<\/span>进<\/span>而<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>转<\/span>型<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>。<\/span>三<\/span>是<\/span>以<\/span>共<\/span>建<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>为<\/span>特<\/span>点<\/span>的<\/span>新<\/span>组<\/span>建<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>。<\/span>比<\/span>如<\/span>三<\/span>家<\/span>通<\/span>信<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>共<\/span>同<\/span>出<\/span>资<\/span>成<\/span>立<\/span>了<\/span>铁<\/span>塔<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>，<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>节<\/span>约<\/span>大<\/span>量<\/span>的<\/span>资<\/span>金<\/span>和<\/span>土<\/span>地<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>，<\/span>减<\/span>少<\/span>同<\/span>业<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>需<\/span>要<\/span>说<\/span>明<\/span>的<\/span>是<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>业<\/span>间<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>、<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>链<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>、<\/span>共<\/span>建<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>新<\/span>组<\/span>建<\/span>这<\/span>三<\/span>种<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>并<\/span>非<\/span>总<\/span>是<\/span>独<\/span>立<\/span>行<\/span>动<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>是<\/span>在<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>情<\/span>况<\/span>下<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>穿<\/span>插<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>，<\/span>或<\/span>者<\/span>说<\/span>随<\/span>着<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>而<\/span>交<\/span>替<\/span>发<\/span>挥<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/p><\/span><\/p> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>0<\/span>2 <\/span><\/span>并<\/span>非<\/span>一<\/span>蹴<\/span>而<\/span>就<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/p><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>从<\/span>目<\/span>前<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>的<\/span>运<\/span>作<\/span>实<\/span>效<\/span>来<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>非<\/span>一<\/span>蹴<\/span>而<\/span>就<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>是<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>不<\/span>断<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>。<\/span>有<\/span>人<\/span>说<\/span>，<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>容<\/span>易<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>难<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>”<\/span>和<\/span>“<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>”<\/span>二<\/span>者<\/span>是<\/span>一<\/span>种<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>样<\/span>的<\/span>关<\/span>系<\/span>？<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>主<\/span>管<\/span>部<\/span>门<\/span><\/span><\/strong>，<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>比<\/span>如<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>委<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>，<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>应<\/span>在<\/span>当<\/span>中<\/span>发<\/span>挥<\/span>一<\/span>种<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>样<\/span>的<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>唐<\/span>乐<\/span>民<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>从<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>进<\/span>程<\/span>来<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>确<\/span>实<\/span>是<\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span>。<\/span>我<\/span>们<\/span>一<\/span>般<\/span>将<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>”<\/span>界<\/span>定<\/span>为<\/span>表<\/span>面<\/span>的<\/span>形<\/span>式<\/span>上<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span>合<\/span>”<\/span>，<\/span>更<\/span>多<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>为<\/span>一<\/span>种<\/span>量<\/span>变<\/span>的<\/span>变<\/span>化<\/span>；<\/span>将<\/span>“<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>”<\/span>界<\/span>定<\/span>为<\/span>实<\/span>质<\/span>的<\/span>深<\/span>层<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span>和<\/span>”<\/span>，<\/span>强<\/span>调<\/span>质<\/span>变<\/span>。<\/span>从<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>到<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>，<\/span>是<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>量<\/span>变<\/span>到<\/span>质<\/span>变<\/span>的<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>与<\/span>递<\/span>进<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>大<\/span>型<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>本<\/span>身<\/span>就<\/span>是<\/span>非<\/span>常<\/span>复<\/span>杂<\/span>的<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>些<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>不<\/span>可<\/span>能<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>行<\/span>政<\/span>部<\/span>门<\/span>的<\/span>宣<\/span>布<\/span>就<\/span>立<\/span>即<\/span>完<\/span>成<\/span>。<\/span>事<\/span>实<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>只<\/span>是<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>开<\/span>始<\/span>。<\/span>值<\/span>得<\/span>注<\/span>意<\/span>的<\/span>是<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>个<\/span>开<\/span>始<\/span>非<\/span>常<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>。<\/span>以<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>委<\/span>为<\/span>代<\/span>表<\/span>的<\/span>主<\/span>管<\/span>部<\/span>门<\/span>，<\/span>正<\/span>是<\/span>在<\/span>这<\/span>个<\/span>节<\/span>点<\/span>发<\/span>挥<\/span>着<\/span>非<\/span>常<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>的<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>时<\/span>刻<\/span>推<\/span>一<\/span>把<\/span>。<\/span>这<\/span>也<\/span>是<\/span>我<\/span>们<\/span>不<\/span>同<\/span>于<\/span>西<\/span>方<\/span>国<\/span>家<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>体<\/span>制<\/span>的<\/span>地<\/span>方<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>我<\/span>们<\/span>的<\/span>宏<\/span>观<\/span>调<\/span>控<\/span>即<\/span>“<\/span>看<\/span>得<\/span>见<\/span>的<\/span>手<\/span>”<\/span>。<\/span>结<\/span>合<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>的<\/span>基<\/span>本<\/span>国<\/span>情<\/span>和<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>水<\/span>平<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>种<\/span>适<\/span>时<\/span>、<\/span>适<\/span>当<\/span>、<\/span>适<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>宏<\/span>观<\/span>调<\/span>控<\/span>有<\/span>利<\/span>于<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>的<\/span>快<\/span>速<\/span>深<\/span>入<\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>。<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>的<\/span>是<\/span>，<\/span>“<\/span>推<\/span>一<\/span>把<\/span>”<\/span>仅<\/span>限<\/span>于<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>时<\/span>刻<\/span>，<\/span>长<\/span>远<\/span>来<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>依<\/span>然<\/span>是<\/span>由<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>主<\/span>导<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>一<\/span>点<\/span>是<\/span>毋<\/span>庸<\/span>置<\/span>疑<\/span>的<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>后<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>一<\/span>般<\/span>会<\/span>面<\/span>临<\/span>哪<\/span>些<\/span>共<\/span>性<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>？<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>破<\/span>解<\/span>？<\/span>如<\/span>果<\/span>想<\/span>把<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>做<\/span>到<\/span>前<\/span>面<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>以<\/span>便<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>高<\/span>效<\/span>完<\/span>成<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>后<\/span>的<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>进<\/span>程<\/span>，<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>提<\/span>前<\/span>做<\/span>好<\/span>哪<\/span>些<\/span>准<\/span>备<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>唐<\/span>乐<\/span>民<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>从<\/span>实<\/span>践<\/span>情<\/span>况<\/span>来<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>总<\/span>体<\/span>来<\/span>说<\/span>，<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>面<\/span>临<\/span>的<\/span>共<\/span>性<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>是<\/span>合<\/span>并<\/span>后<\/span>的<\/span>卡<\/span>壳<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>难<\/span>以<\/span>融<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>。<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>由<\/span>简<\/span>单<\/span>的<\/span>数<\/span>量<\/span>叠<\/span>加<\/span>跃<\/span>升<\/span>到<\/span>深<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>融<\/span>合<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>，<\/span>是<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>难<\/span>点<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>”<\/span>与<\/span>“<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>对<\/span>接<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>具<\/span>体<\/span>来<\/span>说<\/span>，<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>可<\/span>能<\/span>会<\/span>经<\/span>历<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>变<\/span>更<\/span>复<\/span>杂<\/span>缓<\/span>慢<\/span>、<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>及<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>协<\/span>同<\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>困<\/span>难<\/span>、<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>文<\/span>化<\/span>混<\/span>乱<\/span>多<\/span>样<\/span>、<\/span>人<\/span>心<\/span>浮<\/span>动<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>低<\/span>下<\/span>等<\/span>诸<\/span>多<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>。<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>作<\/span>为<\/span>国<\/span>有<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>会<\/span>面<\/span>临<\/span>社<\/span>会<\/span>责<\/span>任<\/span>与<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>效<\/span>益<\/span>的<\/span>平<\/span>衡<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>提<\/span>前<\/span>谋<\/span>划<\/span>，<\/span>特<\/span>别<\/span>是<\/span>做<\/span>好<\/span>顶<\/span>层<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>，<\/span>是<\/span>高<\/span>效<\/span>快<\/span>速<\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>。<\/span>顶<\/span>层<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>应<\/span>基<\/span>于<\/span>地<\/span>毯<\/span>式<\/span>调<\/span>研<\/span>和<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>诊<\/span>断<\/span>，<\/span>侧<\/span>重<\/span>对<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>后<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>难<\/span>点<\/span>的<\/span>预<\/span>测<\/span>与<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>，<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>定<\/span>位<\/span>，<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>可<\/span>行<\/span>性<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>路<\/span>径<\/span>，<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>一<\/span>体<\/span>化<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>。<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>特<\/span>别<\/span>注<\/span>意<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>家<\/span>精<\/span>神<\/span>及<\/span>魄<\/span>力<\/span>在<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>进<\/span>程<\/span>中<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>，<\/span>为<\/span>干<\/span>事<\/span>创<\/span>业<\/span>者<\/span>撑<\/span>腰<\/span>，<\/span>营<\/span>造<\/span>良<\/span>好<\/span>政<\/span>治<\/span>生<\/span>态<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>目<\/span>前<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>受<\/span>关<\/span>注<\/span>的<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>还<\/span>有<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>后<\/span>而<\/span>引<\/span>发<\/span>的<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>“<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>垄<\/span>断<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>“<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>问<\/span>题<\/span>，<\/span>有<\/span>人<\/span>觉<\/span>得<\/span>这<\/span>有<\/span>悖<\/span>于<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>的<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>导<\/span>向<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>，<\/span>您<\/span>怎<\/span>么<\/span>看<\/span>待<\/span>这<\/span>个<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>唐<\/span>乐<\/span>民<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>需<\/span>要<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>的<\/span>是<\/span>，<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>一<\/span>大<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>是<\/span>减<\/span>少<\/span>恶<\/span>性<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>非<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>。<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>是<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>的<\/span>基<\/span>本<\/span>特<\/span>征<\/span>，<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>是<\/span>本<\/span>轮<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>。<\/span>基<\/span>于<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>我<\/span>们<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>将<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>之<\/span>一<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>为<\/span>奠<\/span>定<\/span>良<\/span>性<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>的<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>不<\/span>违<\/span>背<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>导<\/span>向<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>是<\/span>在<\/span>为<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>健<\/span>康<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>铺<\/span>路<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>事<\/span>实<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>人<\/span>之<\/span>所<\/span>以<\/span>会<\/span>产<\/span>生<\/span>这<\/span>种<\/span>有<\/span>关<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>困<\/span>惑<\/span>，<\/span>是<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>当<\/span>前<\/span>我<\/span>国<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>依<\/span>托<\/span>行<\/span>政<\/span>力<\/span>量<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>的<\/span>现<\/span>实<\/span>属<\/span>性<\/span>，<\/span>从<\/span>而<\/span>给<\/span>人<\/span>造<\/span>成<\/span>一<\/span>种<\/span>有<\/span>悖<\/span>于<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>错<\/span>觉<\/span>。<\/span>这<\/span>就<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>行<\/span>政<\/span>力<\/span>量<\/span>在<\/span>完<\/span>成<\/span>“<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>时<\/span>刻<\/span>推<\/span>一<\/span>把<\/span>”<\/span>之<\/span>后<\/span>尽<\/span>快<\/span>撤<\/span>离<\/span>，<\/span>该<\/span>管<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>好<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>该<\/span>管<\/span>的<\/span>放<\/span>权<\/span>。<\/span>未<\/span>来<\/span>，<\/span>随<\/span>着<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>重<\/span>组<\/span>整<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>主<\/span>导<\/span>的<\/span>趋<\/span>势<\/span>会<\/span>愈<\/span>来<\/span>愈<\/span>明<\/span>显<\/span>，<\/span>届<\/span>时<\/span>这<\/span>种<\/span>困<\/span>惑<\/span>会<\/span>自<\/span>然<\/span>消<\/span>除<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"50\"]"},{"id":22,"title":"企业制度体系的构建与升级——背景描述篇","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651034100,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651034213,"update_time":1651034213,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section>  制<\/span>度<\/span>使<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>有<\/span>章<\/span>有<\/span>循<\/span>、<\/span>有<\/span>法<\/span>可<\/span>依<\/span>。<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>化<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>，<\/span>各<\/span>部<\/span>门<\/span>和<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>就<\/span>能<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>依<\/span>据<\/span>共<\/span>同<\/span>的<\/span>规<\/span>章<\/span>要<\/span>求<\/span>和<\/span>行<\/span>为<\/span>准<\/span>则<\/span>来<\/span>处<\/span>理<\/span>各<\/span>种<\/span>事<\/span>情<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>的<\/span>办<\/span>事<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>。<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>制<\/span>订<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>中<\/span>各<\/span>主<\/span>体<\/span>、<\/span>各<\/span>部<\/span>门<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>的<\/span>权<\/span>责<\/span>利<\/span>益<\/span>关<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>能<\/span>促<\/span>进<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>各<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>要<\/span>素<\/span>在<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>中<\/span>得<\/span>到<\/span>合<\/span>理<\/span>配<\/span>置<\/span>，<\/span>又<\/span>能<\/span>有<\/span>效<\/span>防<\/span>范<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>重<\/span>大<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>风<\/span>险<\/span>，<\/span>保<\/span>障<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>持<\/span>续<\/span>健<\/span>康<\/span>稳<\/span>定<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><br\/><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KC9ACSDKpOrrATVNYm3hN6iag5j2pzvWvQln6D8UkcQN2og83FicfujAMk7eewP9B80Q4ly91oY5tYQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><section>  体<\/span>系<\/span>是<\/span>指<\/span>若<\/span>干<\/span><\/span><\/span>有<\/span>关<\/span>事<\/span>物<\/span>或<\/span>某<\/span>些<\/span>意<\/span>识<\/span>相<\/span>互<\/span>联<\/span>系<\/span>而<\/span>构<\/span>成<\/span>的<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>，<\/span>泛<\/span>指<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>范<\/span>围<\/span>内<\/span>或<\/span>同<\/span>类<\/span>的<\/span>事<\/span>物<\/span>按<\/span>照<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>的<\/span>规<\/span>则<\/span>，<\/span>内<\/span>部<\/span>联<\/span>系<\/span>组<\/span>合<\/span>而<\/span>成<\/span>的<\/span>有<\/span>机<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>就<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>依<\/span>据<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>要<\/span>素<\/span>、<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>维<\/span>度<\/span>、<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>链<\/span>或<\/span>其<\/span>它<\/span>内<\/span>在<\/span>逻<\/span>辑<\/span>关<\/span>系<\/span>将<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>所<\/span>有<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>汇<\/span>编<\/span>而<\/span>成<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>完<\/span>整<\/span>的<\/span>有<\/span>机<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>得<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>今<\/span>后<\/span>在<\/span>不<\/span>断<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>和<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>应<\/span>用<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>时<\/span>更<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><br\/><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><section>  在<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>日<\/span>益<\/span>科<\/span>学<\/span>化<\/span>、<\/span>精<\/span>细<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>现<\/span>在<\/span>，<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>性<\/span>越<\/span>来<\/span>越<\/span>大<\/span>，<\/span>很<\/span>多<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>把<\/span>不<\/span><\/span><\/span>断<\/span>加<\/span>强<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>做<\/span>为<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>力<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>途<\/span>径<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>尤<\/span>其<\/span>是<\/span>对<\/span>于<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>化<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>，<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>无<\/span>论<\/span>是<\/span>对<\/span>于<\/span>母<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>是<\/span>母<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>本<\/span>身<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>，<\/span>都<\/span>有<\/span>极<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>的<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>以<\/span>母<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>为<\/span>主<\/span>导<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>中<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>要<\/span>融<\/span>入<\/span>母<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>且<\/span>要<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>，<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>化<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>从<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>层<\/span>面<\/span>上<\/span>能<\/span>有<\/span>效<\/span>配<\/span>置<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>，<\/span>打<\/span>造<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>促<\/span>进<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>总<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>也<\/span>使<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>在<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>统<\/span>一<\/span>指<\/span>挥<\/span>下<\/span>，<\/span>有<\/span>抓<\/span>有<\/span>放<\/span>、<\/span>放<\/span>而<\/span>不<\/span>乱<\/span>，<\/span>百<\/span>花<\/span>齐<\/span>放<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><br\/><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><section>  笔<\/span>者<\/span>近<\/span>期<\/span>辅<\/span>导<\/span>了<\/span>一<\/span>家<\/span>正<\/span>处<\/span>于<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>转<\/span>型<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>的<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>国<\/span>有<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>，<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>细<\/span>致<\/span>地<\/span>辅<\/span>导<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>该<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>对<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>符<\/span>合<\/span>本<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>需<\/span>求<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>有<\/span>了<\/span>更<\/span>深<\/span>刻<\/span>地<\/span>认<\/span>识<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>0<\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/strong>项<\/span>目<\/span>背<\/span>景<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box;\">一<\/span>、<\/span>该<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>已<\/span>有<\/span>一<\/span>套<\/span>相<\/span>对<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>的<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>正<\/span>是<\/span>在<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>下<\/span>，<\/span>该<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>现<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>基<\/span>本<\/span>上<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>了<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>化<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>运<\/span>作<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p><section>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>是<\/span>一<\/span>家<\/span>地<\/span>方<\/span>国<\/span>有<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>当<\/span>地<\/span>政<\/span>府<\/span>的<\/span>大<\/span>力<\/span>扶<\/span>持<\/span>下<\/span>，<\/span>近<\/span>几<\/span>年<\/span>得<\/span>到<\/span>快<\/span>速<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>，<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>控<\/span>股<\/span>和<\/span>参<\/span>股<\/span>的<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>有<\/span>二<\/span>十<\/span>多<\/span>家<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>今<\/span>年<\/span>新<\/span>一<\/span>届<\/span>政<\/span>府<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>上<\/span>任<\/span>后<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>该<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>定<\/span>位<\/span>发<\/span>生<\/span>了<\/span>改<\/span>变<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span>求<\/span>其<\/span>逐<\/span>步<\/span>剥<\/span>离<\/span>政<\/span>府<\/span>职<\/span>能<\/span>，<\/span>真<\/span>正<\/span>走<\/span>上<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>以<\/span>前<\/span>就<\/span>有<\/span>一<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>当<\/span>时<\/span>花<\/span>了<\/span>很<\/span>长<\/span>时<\/span>间<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>修<\/span>编<\/span>，<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>非<\/span>常<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>汇<\/span>编<\/span>当<\/span>时<\/span>还<\/span>被<\/span>多<\/span>家<\/span>当<\/span>地<\/span>其<\/span>它<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>做<\/span>为<\/span>标<\/span>杆<\/span>文<\/span>件<\/span>来<\/span>学<\/span>习<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>一<\/span>开<\/span>始<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>认<\/span>为<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>已<\/span>经<\/span>相<\/span>当<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>了<\/span>，<\/span>只<\/span>是<\/span>希<\/span>望<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>在<\/span>他<\/span>们<\/span>原<\/span>有<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>上<\/span>结<\/span>合<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>小<\/span>范<\/span>围<\/span>的<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>与<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>但<\/span>经<\/span>过<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>与<\/span>该<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>高<\/span>层<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>经<\/span>过<\/span>几<\/span>轮<\/span>的<\/span>深<\/span>度<\/span>研<\/span>讨<\/span>，<\/span>该<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>对<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>有<\/span>了<\/span>新<\/span>的<\/span>认<\/span>识<\/span>，<\/span>随<\/span>即<\/span>希<\/span>望<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>对<\/span>他<\/span>们<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>重<\/span>新<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>旧<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>分<\/span>为<\/span>二<\/span>级<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>为<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>含<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>章<\/span>程<\/span>、<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>事<\/span>规<\/span>则<\/span>等<\/span>几<\/span>个<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>层<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span>二<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>为<\/span>基<\/span>本<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>二<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>根<\/span>据<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>维<\/span>度<\/span>又<\/span>分<\/span>成<\/span>人<\/span>事<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>财<\/span>务<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>风<\/span>险<\/span>控<\/span>制<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>行<\/span>政<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>党<\/span>委<\/span>口<\/span>这<\/span>几<\/span>个<\/span>模<\/span>块<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>原<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>具<\/span>有<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>层<\/span>次<\/span>，<\/span>模<\/span>块<\/span>也<\/span>相<\/span>对<\/span>完<\/span>整<\/span>和<\/span>全<\/span>面<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>尤<\/span>其<\/span>是<\/span>单<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>，<\/span>很<\/span>多<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>后<\/span>面<\/span>都<\/span>带<\/span>有<\/span>大<\/span>量<\/span>的<\/span>附<\/span>件<\/span>，<\/span>里<\/span>面<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>都<\/span>是<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>的<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>和<\/span>各<\/span>环<\/span>节<\/span>详<\/span>细<\/span>的<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>表<\/span>单<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>些<\/span>都<\/span>使<\/span>得<\/span>原<\/span>有<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>性<\/span>与<\/span>可<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>性<\/span>较<\/span>强<\/span>，<\/span>看<\/span>过<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>人<\/span>都<\/span>能<\/span>了<\/span>解<\/span>该<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>正<\/span>是<\/span>由<\/span>于<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>前<\/span>期<\/span>编<\/span>制<\/span>了<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>得<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>里<\/span>的<\/span>每<\/span>个<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>都<\/span>知<\/span>道<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>做<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>事<\/span>，<\/span>该<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>做<\/span>事<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>现<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>基<\/span>本<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>了<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>化<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>运<\/span>作<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section>二<\/span>、<\/span>诊<\/span>断<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>既<\/span>然<\/span>这<\/span>么<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>，<\/span>为<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>每<\/span>位<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>却<\/span>变<\/span>得<\/span>越<\/span>来<\/span>越<\/span>忙<\/span>？<\/span>一<\/span>套<\/span>好<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>真<\/span>正<\/span>功<\/span>能<\/span>是<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>笔<\/span>者<\/span>在<\/span>与<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>层<\/span>开<\/span>始<\/span>探<\/span>讨<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>现<\/span>有<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>向<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>们<\/span>提<\/span>了<\/span>几<\/span>个<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span>为<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>每<\/span>个<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>每<\/span>天<\/span>都<\/span>这<\/span>么<\/span>忙<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span>为<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>你<\/span>们<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>层<\/span>每<\/span>天<\/span>都<\/span>要<\/span>开<\/span>这<\/span>么<\/span>多<\/span>会<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span>每<\/span>天<\/span>这<\/span>么<\/span>多<\/span>会<\/span>是<\/span>否<\/span>都<\/span>是<\/span>必<\/span>须<\/span>要<\/span>开<\/span>的<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span>为<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>不<\/span>能<\/span>减<\/span>少<\/span>开<\/span>会<\/span>的<\/span>频<\/span>率<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>的<\/span>议<\/span>事<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>及<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>有<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>授<\/span>权<\/span>就<\/span>能<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>的<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span>有<\/span>些<\/span>经<\/span>过<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>后<\/span>的<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>能<\/span>不<\/span>能<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>形<\/span>式<\/span>把<\/span>它<\/span>固<\/span>化<\/span>下<\/span>来<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>后<\/span>不<\/span>再<\/span>开<\/span>会<\/span>讨<\/span>论<\/span>了<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>笔<\/span>者<\/span>提<\/span>出<\/span>这<\/span>几<\/span>个<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>后<\/span>，<\/span>接<\/span>着<\/span>又<\/span>给<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>各<\/span>个<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>了<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>对<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>现<\/span>有<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>理<\/span>解<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>现<\/span>有<\/span>的<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>表<\/span>面<\/span>上<\/span>看<\/span>虽<\/span>然<\/span>很<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>，<\/span>很<\/span>齐<\/span>全<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>中<\/span>的<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>都<\/span>有<\/span>，<\/span>面<\/span>面<\/span>俱<\/span>到<\/span>。<\/span>尤<\/span>其<\/span>是<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>到<\/span>某<\/span>项<\/span>规<\/span>章<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>为<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>层<\/span>面<\/span>上<\/span>带<\/span>来<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>的<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>性<\/span>与<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>但<\/span>总<\/span>体<\/span>上<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>又<\/span>都<\/span>是<\/span>单<\/span>个<\/span>的<\/span>，<\/span>相<\/span>互<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>缺<\/span>少<\/span>衔<\/span>接<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>之<\/span>所<\/span>以<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>缺<\/span>少<\/span>内<\/span>在<\/span>联<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>能<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>有<\/span>机<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>，<\/span>就<\/span>是<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>整<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>缺<\/span>少<\/span>一<\/span>根<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>“<\/span>主<\/span>心<\/span>骨<\/span>”<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>根<\/span>“<\/span>主<\/span>心<\/span>骨<\/span>”<\/span>就<\/span>是<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>与<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>这<\/span>就<\/span>导<\/span>致<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>在<\/span>单<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>上<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>上<\/span>具<\/span>有<\/span>实<\/span>操<\/span>性<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>在<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>总<\/span>的<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>活<\/span>动<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>当<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>处<\/span>理<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>活<\/span>动<\/span>中<\/span>的<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>重<\/span>大<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>就<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>起<\/span>到<\/span>该<\/span>有<\/span>的<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>，<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>层<\/span>只<\/span>能<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>召<\/span>开<\/span>一<\/span>次<\/span>次<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>来<\/span>商<\/span>讨<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>上<\/span>述<\/span>各<\/span>类<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>为<\/span>了<\/span>让<\/span>各<\/span>个<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>对<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>有<\/span>更<\/span>深<\/span>层<\/span>的<\/span>认<\/span>识<\/span>，<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>进<\/span>一<\/span>步<\/span>为<\/span>各<\/span>个<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>讲<\/span>解<\/span>了<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>内<\/span>涵<\/span>与<\/span>功<\/span>能<\/span>。<\/span>所<\/span>谓<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>就<\/span>是<\/span>将<\/span>纠<\/span>纷<\/span>降<\/span>低<\/span>到<\/span>最<\/span>低<\/span>限<\/span>度<\/span>。<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>功<\/span>能<\/span>就<\/span>是<\/span>降<\/span>低<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>运<\/span>作<\/span>成<\/span>本<\/span>，<\/span>降<\/span>低<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>运<\/span>作<\/span>费<\/span>用<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>得<\/span>到<\/span>最<\/span>合<\/span>理<\/span>配<\/span>置<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>开<\/span>始<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>就<\/span>要<\/span>有<\/span>一<\/span>根<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span>主<\/span>心<\/span>骨<\/span>”<\/span>。<\/span>只<\/span>有<\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span>，<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>才<\/span>会<\/span>有<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span>魂<\/span>”<\/span>。<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>在<\/span>具<\/span>休<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>层<\/span>面<\/span>能<\/span>为<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>提<\/span>供<\/span>详<\/span>细<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>且<\/span>在<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>层<\/span>面<\/span>能<\/span>为<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>提<\/span>供<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>依<\/span>据<\/span>。<\/span>有<\/span>“<\/span>主<\/span>心<\/span>骨<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>能<\/span>更<\/span>有<\/span>力<\/span>地<\/span>促<\/span>进<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>，<\/span>保<\/span>障<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>通<\/span>过<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>对<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>现<\/span>有<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>及<\/span>讲<\/span>解<\/span>，<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>层<\/span>对<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>有<\/span>了<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>更<\/span>深<\/span>入<\/span>的<\/span>了<\/span>解<\/span>，<\/span>高<\/span>度<\/span>认<\/span>同<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>建<\/span>议<\/span>，<\/span>决<\/span>定<\/span>由<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>带<\/span>领<\/span>团<\/span>队<\/span>对<\/span>其<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>重<\/span>新<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>。<\/span>下<\/span>期<\/span>文<\/span>章<\/span>将<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>本<\/span>次<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>的<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>本<\/span>文<\/span>为<\/span>《<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>与<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>》<\/span>系<\/span>列<\/span>文<\/span>章<\/span>之<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>背<\/span>景<\/span>篇<\/span>，<\/span>后<\/span>续<\/span>将<\/span>继<\/span>续<\/span>分<\/span>享<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>新<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>与<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>及<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>实<\/span>施<\/span>完<\/span>后<\/span>的<\/span>成<\/span>果<\/span>展<\/span>示<\/span>，<\/span>敬<\/span>请<\/span>关<\/span>注<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"69\"]"},{"id":21,"title":"企业制度体系的构建与升级——实例分析篇","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1651031640,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651031859,"update_time":1651032154,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section>本<\/span>文<\/span>为<\/span>《<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>与<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>》<\/span>系<\/span>列<\/span>文<\/span>章<\/span>之<\/span>实<\/span>例<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>篇<\/span>，<\/span>重<\/span>点<\/span>展<\/span>示<\/span>一<\/span>家<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>新<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>与<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>之<\/span>路<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>简<\/span>述<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>案<\/span>例<\/span>完<\/span>成<\/span>后<\/span>的<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>成<\/span>果<\/span>。<\/span>前<\/span>文<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>描<\/span>述<\/span>了<\/span>该<\/span>实<\/span>例<\/span>的<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>背<\/span>景<\/span>（<\/span>0<\/span>1<\/span> <\/span>背<\/span>景<\/span>描<\/span>述<\/span>篇<\/span>）<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><br\/><\/p><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>02.企业制度体系的重构与升级<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/p><\/p><section>一<\/span>、<\/span> <\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>之<\/span>前<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>要<\/span>先<\/span>了<\/span>解<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>意<\/span>图<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>深<\/span>入<\/span>了<\/span>解<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>意<\/span>图<\/span>的<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>才<\/span>能<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span>主<\/span>心<\/span>骨<\/span>”<\/span>：<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>和<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section>在<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>对<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>重<\/span>构<\/span>之<\/span>前<\/span>，<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>对<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>定<\/span>位<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>了<\/span>重<\/span>点<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>。<\/span>随<\/span>着<\/span>地<\/span>方<\/span>政<\/span>府<\/span>对<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>新<\/span>定<\/span>位<\/span>，<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>重<\/span>心<\/span>逐<\/span>渐<\/span>转<\/span>移<\/span>，<\/span>其<\/span>今<\/span>后<\/span>几<\/span>年<\/span>的<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>也<\/span>发<\/span>生<\/span>改<\/span>变<\/span>，<\/span>来<\/span>自<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>上<\/span>的<\/span>压<\/span>力<\/span>将<\/span>逐<\/span>渐<\/span>增<\/span>加<\/span>，<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>随<\/span>着<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>的<\/span>改<\/span>变<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>层<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>与<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>日<\/span>益<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>：<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>使<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>在<\/span>快<\/span>速<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>的<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>中<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>防<\/span>控<\/span>风<\/span>险<\/span>隐<\/span>患<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p> 二<\/span>、<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>是<\/span>从<\/span>上<\/span>而<\/span>下<\/span>开<\/span>始<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>首<\/span>先<\/span>要<\/span>从<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>层<\/span>等<\/span>上<\/span>位<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>开<\/span>始<\/span>梳<\/span>理<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>是<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>总<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>方<\/span>针<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/p><section>在<\/span>初<\/span>步<\/span>探<\/span>知<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>高<\/span>层<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>习<\/span>惯<\/span>与<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>后<\/span>，<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>首<\/span>先<\/span>从<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>层<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>开<\/span>始<\/span>梳<\/span>理<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>地<\/span>方<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>委<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>政<\/span>策<\/span>与<\/span>文<\/span>件<\/span>精<\/span>神<\/span>的<\/span>框<\/span>架<\/span>范<\/span>围<\/span>内<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>《<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>章<\/span>程<\/span>》<\/span>、<\/span>《<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>事<\/span>规<\/span>则<\/span>》<\/span>、<\/span>《<\/span>党<\/span>委<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>事<\/span>规<\/span>则<\/span>》<\/span>、<\/span>《<\/span>监<\/span>事<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>事<\/span>规<\/span>则<\/span>》<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>了<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>与<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>增<\/span>加<\/span>了<\/span>《<\/span>总<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>办<\/span>公<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>事<\/span>规<\/span>则<\/span>》<\/span>，<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>这<\/span>几<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>修<\/span>改<\/span>与<\/span>补<\/span>充<\/span>，<\/span>把<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>委<\/span>、<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>会<\/span>和<\/span>总<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>办<\/span>公<\/span>会<\/span>三<\/span>者<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>功<\/span>能<\/span>以<\/span>及<\/span>责<\/span>、<\/span>权<\/span>、<\/span>利<\/span>关<\/span>系<\/span>梳<\/span>理<\/span>得<\/span>更<\/span>加<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>得<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>符<\/span>合<\/span>相<\/span>应<\/span>法<\/span>律<\/span>法<\/span>规<\/span>的<\/span>规<\/span>定<\/span>程<\/span>序<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>符<\/span>合<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>。<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>在<\/span>修<\/span>订<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>这<\/span>几<\/span>个<\/span>上<\/span>位<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>尤<\/span>其<\/span>是<\/span>对<\/span>《<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>三<\/span>重<\/span>一<\/span>大<\/span>”<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>》<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>了<\/span>重<\/span>大<\/span>修<\/span>改<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>《<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span><\/span>三<\/span>重<\/span>一<\/span>大<\/span><\/span><\/span>”<\/span><\/span><\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span><\/span>》<\/span>从<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>纲<\/span>领<\/span>性<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>修<\/span>改<\/span>成<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>更<\/span>具<\/span>实<\/span>操<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>性<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>。<\/span>在<\/span>这<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>结<\/span>合<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>，<\/span>将<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>现<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>一<\/span>一<\/span>穷<\/span>尽<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>在<\/span>《<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>章<\/span>程<\/span>》<\/span>的<\/span>规<\/span>章<\/span>下<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>了<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>会<\/span>、<\/span>党<\/span>委<\/span>会<\/span>、<\/span>总<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>办<\/span>公<\/span>会<\/span>在<\/span>这<\/span>些<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>中<\/span>的<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>界<\/span>限<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>得<\/span>今<\/span>后<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>召<\/span>开<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>时<\/span>有<\/span>章<\/span>可<\/span>循<\/span>，<\/span>减<\/span>少<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>召<\/span>开<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>的<\/span>频<\/span>次<\/span>，<\/span>促<\/span>进<\/span>了<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>层<\/span>的<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>笔<\/span>者<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>对<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>这<\/span>几<\/span>个<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>层<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>重<\/span>点<\/span>梳<\/span>理<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>为<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>理<\/span>顺<\/span>了<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>，<\/span>落<\/span>实<\/span>了<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>层<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>责<\/span>权<\/span>关<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>了<\/span>各<\/span>重<\/span>大<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>程<\/span>序<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>为<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>在<\/span>顶<\/span>层<\/span>上<\/span>确<\/span>定<\/span>了<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>的<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>方<\/span>针<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>三<\/span>、<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>化<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>要<\/span>融<\/span>入<\/span>母<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>且<\/span>要<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>。<\/span>这<\/span>是<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>“<\/span>主<\/span>心<\/span>骨<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>部<\/span>分<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section>治<\/span>理<\/span>层<\/span>的<\/span>几<\/span>个<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>为<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>在<\/span>总<\/span>的<\/span>方<\/span>向<\/span>上<\/span>提<\/span>供<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>。<\/span>而<\/span>新<\/span>增<\/span>的<\/span>《<\/span>母<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>》<\/span>弥<\/span>补<\/span>了<\/span>原<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>在<\/span>对<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>上<\/span>的<\/span>空<\/span>白<\/span>。<\/span>由<\/span>于<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>相<\/span>对<\/span>丰<\/span>富<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>不<\/span>同<\/span>性<\/span>质<\/span>的<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>，<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>采<\/span>取<\/span>不<\/span>同<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>。<\/span><br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>为<\/span>了<\/span>集<\/span>中<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>母<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>，<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>为<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>新<\/span>增<\/span>了<\/span>一<\/span>项<\/span>《<\/span>母<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>》<\/span>。<\/span>新<\/span>增<\/span>该<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>为<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>中<\/span>的<\/span>其<\/span>它<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>在<\/span>涉<\/span>及<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>时<\/span>指<\/span>明<\/span>了<\/span>方<\/span>向<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>供<\/span>了<\/span>依<\/span>据<\/span>。<\/span>新<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>在<\/span>新<\/span>增<\/span>的<\/span>《<\/span>母<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>》<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>下<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>涉<\/span>及<\/span>到<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>一<\/span>一<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>了<\/span>补<\/span>充<\/span>、<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>、<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>、<\/span>修<\/span>改<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>融<\/span>入<\/span>到<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>中<\/span>。<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>新<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>，<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>各<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>活<\/span>动<\/span>有<\/span>了<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>依<\/span>据<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>是<\/span>否<\/span>该<\/span>上<\/span>报<\/span>总<\/span>部<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>审<\/span>批<\/span>、<\/span>决<\/span>议<\/span>的<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>也<\/span>有<\/span>了<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>的<\/span>界<\/span>定<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>些<\/span>规<\/span>章<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>出<\/span>现<\/span>减<\/span>少<\/span>了<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>总<\/span>部<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>层<\/span>的<\/span>开<\/span>会<\/span>频<\/span>次<\/span>，<\/span>减<\/span>轻<\/span>了<\/span>总<\/span>部<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>们<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>压<\/span>力<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>管<\/span>控<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>和<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>决<\/span>定<\/span>了<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>与<\/span>下<\/span>属<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>职<\/span>责<\/span>界<\/span>面<\/span>和<\/span>权<\/span>限<\/span>划<\/span>分<\/span>。<\/span>在<\/span>本<\/span>次<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>重<\/span>构<\/span>前<\/span>，<\/span>为<\/span>适<\/span>应<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>化<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>要<\/span>求<\/span>，<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>刚<\/span>刚<\/span>完<\/span>成<\/span>了<\/span>对<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>总<\/span>部<\/span>保<\/span>留<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>、<\/span>资<\/span>本<\/span>运<\/span>作<\/span>、<\/span>风<\/span>险<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>、<\/span>综<\/span>合<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>等<\/span>职<\/span>能<\/span>，<\/span>下<\/span>沉<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>职<\/span>能<\/span>。<\/span>所<\/span>以<\/span>，<\/span>本<\/span>次<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>要<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>要<\/span>将<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>后<\/span>的<\/span>结<\/span>果<\/span>在<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>中<\/span>对<\/span>应<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>将<\/span>原<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>中<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>与<\/span>职<\/span>责<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>及<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>、<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>与<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>后<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>、<\/span>职<\/span>责<\/span>、<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>一<\/span>一<\/span>对<\/span>应<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>新<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>与<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>后<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>完<\/span>全<\/span>匹<\/span>配<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>四<\/span>、<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>要<\/span>能<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>，<\/span>单<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>也<\/span>要<\/span>遵<\/span>循<\/span>可<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>性<\/span>、<\/span>可<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>性<\/span>的<\/span>原<\/span>则<\/span>，<\/span>只<\/span>有<\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>才<\/span>能<\/span>真<\/span>正<\/span>发<\/span>挥<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>水<\/span>平<\/span>的<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section>笔<\/span>者<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>对<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>层<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>点<\/span>修<\/span>订<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>及<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>在<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>的<\/span>扩<\/span>充<\/span>及<\/span>深<\/span>度<\/span>延<\/span>展<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>为<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>了<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>中<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span>主<\/span>心<\/span>骨<\/span>”<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>。<\/span>但<\/span>一<\/span>项<\/span>好<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>要<\/span>能<\/span>承<\/span>接<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>要<\/span>在<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>中<\/span>真<\/span>正<\/span>起<\/span>到<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>，<\/span>具<\/span>有<\/span>实<\/span>操<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>本<\/span>次<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>为<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>植<\/span>入<\/span>“<\/span>主<\/span>心<\/span>骨<\/span>”<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>且<\/span>也<\/span>保<\/span>留<\/span>了<\/span>原<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>传<\/span>统<\/span>优<\/span>点<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span>求<\/span>每<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>都<\/span>要<\/span>具<\/span>有<\/span>可<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>性<\/span>、<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>后<\/span>面<\/span>，<\/span>根<\/span>据<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>仍<\/span>然<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>了<\/span>大<\/span>量<\/span>的<\/span>附<\/span>件<\/span>和<\/span>表<\/span>单<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>活<\/span>动<\/span>仍<\/span>然<\/span>在<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>化<\/span>运<\/span>作<\/span>中<\/span>。<\/span><br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>五<\/span>、<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>根<\/span>据<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>习<\/span>惯<\/span>或<\/span>审<\/span>批<\/span>权<\/span>限<\/span>在<\/span>纵<\/span>向<\/span>将<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>划<\/span>分<\/span>不<\/span>同<\/span>等<\/span>级<\/span>；<\/span>根<\/span>据<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>维<\/span>度<\/span>或<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>要<\/span>素<\/span>在<\/span>横<\/span>向<\/span>将<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>不<\/span>同<\/span>类<\/span>别<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span>便<\/span>于<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>维<\/span>护<\/span>、<\/span>升<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section>在<\/span>新<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>，<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>根<\/span>据<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>性<\/span>质<\/span>和<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>审<\/span>批<\/span>权<\/span>限<\/span>，<\/span>将<\/span>本<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>划<\/span>分<\/span>为<\/span>三<\/span>级<\/span>：<\/span>一<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>为<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>、<\/span>母<\/span>子<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>等<\/span>（<\/span>原<\/span>则<\/span>性<\/span>、<\/span>纲<\/span>领<\/span>性<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>上<\/span>升<\/span>到<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>会<\/span>层<\/span>面<\/span>审<\/span>批<\/span>）<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>上<\/span>位<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>；<\/span>二<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>为<\/span>在<\/span>一<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>框<\/span>架<\/span>和<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>界<\/span>面<\/span>下<\/span>，<\/span>根<\/span>据<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>要<\/span>求<\/span>编<\/span>制<\/span>的<\/span>，<\/span>具<\/span>有<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>性<\/span>、<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>性<\/span>、<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>性<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>办<\/span>法<\/span>；<\/span>三<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>是<\/span>对<\/span>二<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>中<\/span>某<\/span>些<\/span>特<\/span>定<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>再<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>细<\/span>化<\/span>而<\/span>编<\/span>制<\/span>的<\/span>实<\/span>施<\/span>细<\/span>则<\/span>、<\/span>有<\/span>关<\/span>规<\/span>定<\/span>等<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>。<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>结<\/span>合<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>习<\/span>惯<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>原<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>分<\/span>类<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>将<\/span>现<\/span>有<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>分<\/span>为<\/span><\/span><\/span>8<\/span><\/span>大<\/span>类<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>新<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>在<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>维<\/span>度<\/span>上<\/span>更<\/span>显<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>要<\/span>素<\/span>上<\/span>更<\/span>显<\/span>精<\/span>细<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>重<\/span>新<\/span>分<\/span>类<\/span>，<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>内<\/span>在<\/span>逻<\/span>辑<\/span>更<\/span>顺<\/span>了<\/span>，<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>的<\/span>关<\/span>联<\/span>度<\/span>也<\/span>更<\/span>合<\/span>理<\/span>了<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>六<\/span>、<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>要<\/span>关<\/span>注<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>的<\/span>关<\/span>联<\/span>性<\/span>，<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>与<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>接<\/span>口<\/span>的<\/span>衔<\/span>接<\/span>性<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>是<\/span>保<\/span>证<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>一<\/span>致<\/span>性<\/span>、<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>性<\/span>的<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section>本<\/span>次<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>层<\/span>次<\/span>分<\/span>明<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>层<\/span>次<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>模<\/span>块<\/span>化<\/span>划<\/span>分<\/span>，<\/span>最<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>的<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>间<\/span>的<\/span>权<\/span>责<\/span>界<\/span>面<\/span>和<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>接<\/span>口<\/span>的<\/span>良<\/span>好<\/span>衔<\/span>接<\/span>，<\/span>保<\/span>证<\/span>本<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>一<\/span>致<\/span>性<\/span>、<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span>其<\/span>中<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>间<\/span>的<\/span>界<\/span>面<\/span>与<\/span>接<\/span>口<\/span>的<\/span>衔<\/span>接<\/span>尤<\/span>其<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>在<\/span>一<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>与<\/span>相<\/span>对<\/span>应<\/span>二<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>权<\/span>责<\/span>关<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>上<\/span>下<\/span>对<\/span>接<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>二<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>与<\/span>相<\/span>对<\/span>应<\/span>的<\/span>三<\/span>级<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>职<\/span>责<\/span>细<\/span>分<\/span>的<\/span>上<\/span>下<\/span>对<\/span>接<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>上<\/span>道<\/span>程<\/span>序<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>与<\/span>下<\/span>道<\/span>程<\/span>序<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>传<\/span>递<\/span>的<\/span>有<\/span>机<\/span>衔<\/span>接<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>得<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>更<\/span>一<\/span>体<\/span>化<\/span>。<\/span>由<\/span>于<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>的<\/span>接<\/span>口<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>、<\/span>流<\/span>转<\/span>顺<\/span>畅<\/span>，<\/span>减<\/span>少<\/span>了<\/span>许<\/span>多<\/span>非<\/span>必<\/span>要<\/span>的<\/span>环<\/span>节<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>避<\/span>免<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>环<\/span>节<\/span>的<\/span>缺<\/span>失<\/span>。<\/span>在<\/span>此<\/span>次<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>适<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>避<\/span>免<\/span>了<\/span>过<\/span>多<\/span>、<\/span>无<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>控<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>又<\/span>加<\/span>强<\/span>了<\/span>必<\/span>要<\/span>的<\/span>控<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>事<\/span>项<\/span>设<\/span>置<\/span>控<\/span>制<\/span>点<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span>得<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>权<\/span>威<\/span>性<\/span>更<\/span>强<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>更<\/span>具<\/span>科<\/span>学<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span><br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>03、项目实施完后的成果<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p><br\/><\/p><\/p><section>  此<\/span>次<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>新<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>，<\/span>将<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>、<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>意<\/span>图<\/span>、<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>设<\/span>想<\/span>、<\/span>部<\/span>门<\/span>职<\/span>责<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>完<\/span>整<\/span>链<\/span>接<\/span>，<\/span>使<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>内<\/span>在<\/span>的<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>统<\/span>一<\/span>性<\/span>”<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>完<\/span>整<\/span>表<\/span>达<\/span>。<\/span><\/span>所<\/span>以<\/span>，<\/span>本<\/span>次<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>无<\/span>论<\/span>在<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>上<\/span>、<\/span>实<\/span>质<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>上<\/span>还<\/span>是<\/span>在<\/span>表<\/span>现<\/span>形<\/span>式<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>都<\/span>给<\/span>Ｈ<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>带<\/span>来<\/span>全<\/span>新<\/span>的<\/span>改<\/span>变<\/span>，<\/span>更<\/span>是<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>本<\/span>次<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>重<\/span>新<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>将<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>打<\/span>造<\/span>得<\/span>更<\/span>加<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>性<\/span>、<\/span>全<\/span>面<\/span>性<\/span>、<\/span>指<\/span>导<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>  通<\/span>过<\/span>本<\/span>次<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>，<\/span>笔<\/span>者<\/span>也<\/span>总<\/span>结<\/span>了<\/span>一<\/span>家<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>在<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>符<\/span>合<\/span>本<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>需<\/span>求<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>时<\/span>重<\/span>点<\/span>应<\/span>该<\/span>考<\/span>虑<\/span>的<\/span>几<\/span>个<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>要<\/span>素<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>    ①<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>一<\/span>家<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>产<\/span>生<\/span>于<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>具<\/span>有<\/span>个<\/span>性<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>环<\/span>境<\/span>，<\/span>带<\/span>有<\/span>强<\/span>烈<\/span>的<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>个<\/span>性<\/span>特<\/span>征<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>家<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>要<\/span>有<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>的<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>魂<\/span>”<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>贯<\/span>穿<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>那<\/span>根<\/span>“<\/span>主<\/span>心<\/span>骨<\/span>”<\/span>，<\/span>那<\/span>根<\/span>“<\/span>主<\/span>心<\/span>骨<\/span>”<\/span>就<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>与<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>    ②<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>必<\/span>须<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>在<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>需<\/span>求<\/span>之<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>能<\/span>一<\/span>味<\/span>的<\/span>追<\/span>求<\/span>全<\/span>面<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>忽<\/span>略<\/span>自<\/span>身<\/span>的<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>需<\/span>求<\/span>。<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>每<\/span>到<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>要<\/span>求<\/span>都<\/span>不<\/span>一<\/span>样<\/span>，<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>要<\/span>与<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>水<\/span>平<\/span>相<\/span>符<\/span>合<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>    ③<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>并<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>仅<\/span>是<\/span>为<\/span>了<\/span>管<\/span>人<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>是<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>一<\/span>系<\/span>列<\/span>规<\/span>章<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>订<\/span>，<\/span>更<\/span>有<\/span>效<\/span>地<\/span>配<\/span>置<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>，<\/span>从<\/span>而<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>一<\/span>切<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>必<\/span>须<\/span>与<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>相<\/span>匹<\/span>配<\/span>，<\/span>围<\/span>绕<\/span>不<\/span>断<\/span>变<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>、<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>、<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>的<\/span>中<\/span>心<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>去<\/span>编<\/span>制<\/span>、<\/span>执<\/span>行<\/span>、<\/span>维<\/span>护<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>切<\/span>与<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>产<\/span>生<\/span>冲<\/span>突<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>都<\/span>应<\/span>及<\/span>时<\/span>废<\/span>止<\/span>或<\/span>修<\/span>改<\/span>，<\/span>保<\/span>障<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>与<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>匹<\/span>配<\/span>的<\/span>及<\/span>时<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><section>    ④<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>要<\/span>能<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>和<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>的<\/span>特<\/span>点<\/span>，<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>的<\/span>物<\/span>质<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>，<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>职<\/span>责<\/span>与<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>是<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>的<\/span>依<\/span>据<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>各<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>要<\/span>与<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>现<\/span>有<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>思<\/span>想<\/span>和<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>相<\/span>一<\/span>致<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>    <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>⑤<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>要<\/span>花<\/span>时<\/span>间<\/span>、<\/span>花<\/span>精<\/span>力<\/span>关<\/span>注<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>的<\/span>衔<\/span>接<\/span>。<\/span>对<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>框<\/span>架<\/span>内<\/span>做<\/span>到<\/span>横<\/span>向<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>遗<\/span>漏<\/span>，<\/span>纵<\/span>向<\/span>不<\/span>交<\/span>叉<\/span>、<\/span>不<\/span>重<\/span>复<\/span>、<\/span>不<\/span>矛<\/span>盾<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span>使<\/span>整<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>像<\/span>一<\/span>串<\/span>串<\/span>起<\/span>来<\/span>的<\/span>珍<\/span>珠<\/span>项<\/span>链<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>不<\/span>是<\/span><\/span><\/span>“<\/span>麻<\/span>袋<\/span>装<\/span>土<\/span>豆<\/span>”<\/span>，<\/span>否<\/span>则<\/span>各<\/span>个<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>只<\/span>是<\/span>简<\/span>单<\/span>归<\/span>类<\/span>分<\/span>层<\/span>，<\/span>甚<\/span>至<\/span>有<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>还<\/span>会<\/span>相<\/span>互<\/span>冲<\/span>突<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p> ⑥<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>仅<\/span>在<\/span>顶<\/span>层<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>上<\/span>要<\/span>关<\/span>注<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>的<\/span>一<\/span>致<\/span>性<\/span>和<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>性<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>微<\/span>观<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>样<\/span>要<\/span>关<\/span>注<\/span>每<\/span>个<\/span>单<\/span>体<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>实<\/span>操<\/span>性<\/span>和<\/span>可<\/span>实<\/span>施<\/span>性<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>是<\/span>每<\/span>个<\/span>单<\/span>体<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>的<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>与<\/span>意<\/span>义<\/span>所<\/span>在<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>文<\/span>件<\/span>的<\/span>纲<\/span>领<\/span>性<\/span>描<\/span>述<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>与<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>文<\/span>件<\/span>的<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>式<\/span>指<\/span>引<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>同<\/span>等<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>。<\/span>所<\/span>以<\/span>在<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>制<\/span>订<\/span>每<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>要<\/span>关<\/span>注<\/span>配<\/span>套<\/span>的<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>表<\/span>单<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span>才<\/span>能<\/span>使<\/span>整<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>真<\/span>正<\/span>落<\/span>地<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>总<\/span>之<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>要<\/span>夯<\/span>实<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>性<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>要<\/span>重<\/span>视<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>一<\/span>套<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>的<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>。<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>将<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>、<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>意<\/span>图<\/span>、<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>设<\/span>想<\/span>都<\/span>融<\/span>入<\/span>进<\/span>来<\/span>，<\/span>进<\/span>而<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>一<\/span>套<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>自<\/span>身<\/span>特<\/span>性<\/span>的<\/span>，<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>完<\/span>整<\/span>、<\/span>适<\/span>用<\/span>性<\/span>强<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>这<\/span>套<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>有<\/span>效<\/span>配<\/span>置<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>，<\/span>打<\/span>造<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>最<\/span>终<\/span>促<\/span>进<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>。<\/span><br\/><\/p><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"69\"]"},{"id":20,"title":"股权设计与股权激励之“用变焦镜头认识管理与激励”","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651031340,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651031579,"update_time":1651031579,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">  在<\/span>近<\/span>日<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>职<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>人<\/span>讲<\/span>武<\/span>堂<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>年<\/span>云<\/span>南<\/span>领<\/span>航<\/span>民<\/span>营<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>创<\/span>新<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>专<\/span>项<\/span>培<\/span>训<\/span>”<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>合<\/span>伙<\/span>人<\/span>李<\/span>寒<\/span>冰<\/span>现<\/span>场<\/span>发<\/span>表<\/span>了<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>股<\/span>权<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>与<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span><\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">的<\/span>主<\/span>题<\/span>演<\/span>讲<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">一<\/span>天<\/span>的<\/span>课<\/span>程<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span>李<\/span>老<\/span>师<\/span>根<\/span>据<\/span>自<\/span>身<\/span>多<\/span>年<\/span>为<\/span>诸<\/span>多<\/span>控<\/span>股<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>、<\/span>上<\/span>市<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>、<\/span>中<\/span>小<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>与<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>经<\/span>验<\/span>，<\/span>将<\/span>理<\/span>论<\/span>与<\/span>知<\/span>名<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>案<\/span>例<\/span>有<\/span>机<\/span>结<\/span>合<\/span>，<\/span>多<\/span>角<\/span>度<\/span>阐<\/span>述<\/span>了<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>与<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>与<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>、<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>、<\/span>人<\/span>力<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>各<\/span>模<\/span>块<\/span>的<\/span>无<\/span>缝<\/span>对<\/span>接<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>的<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><\/p><section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/section><\/p><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabC2IT4hoyvSzYIafKt5SGZFcr8vHwHibtKDp24yEynOJW1LlezNJ65cKw\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>以<\/span>下<\/span>是<\/span>节<\/span>选<\/span>的<\/span>演<\/span>讲<\/span>精<\/span>彩<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>一、企业成长与股权<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>首<\/span>先<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span>本<\/span>着<\/span>以<\/span>终<\/span>为<\/span>始<\/span>的<\/span>思<\/span>维<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>筹<\/span>划<\/span>，<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>目<\/span>的<\/span>是<\/span>助<\/span>推<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>健<\/span>康<\/span>快<\/span>速<\/span>的<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">自<\/span>古<\/span>“<\/span>不<\/span>谋<\/span>万<\/span>世<\/span>者<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span>谋<\/span>一<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>谋<\/span>全<\/span>局<\/span>者<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span>谋<\/span>一<\/span>域<\/span>”<\/span>，<\/span>顶<\/span>层<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>在<\/span>军<\/span>事<\/span>、<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>等<\/span>领<\/span>域<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>性<\/span>不<\/span>可<\/span>小<\/span>觑<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>更<\/span>是<\/span>十<\/span>分<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>。<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>与<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>顶<\/span>层<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>一<\/span>环<\/span>，<\/span>做<\/span>好<\/span>科<\/span>学<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>和<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>稳<\/span>定<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>的<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/span><\/strong><\/p>课<\/span>前<\/span>说<\/span>明<\/span>：<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>是<\/span>针<\/span>对<\/span>外<\/span>围<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>的<\/span>，<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>是<\/span>针<\/span>对<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>层<\/span>面<\/span>的<\/span>。<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>与<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>是<\/span>“<\/span>假<\/span>”<\/span>、<\/span>是<\/span>“<\/span>工<\/span>具<\/span>”<\/span>；<\/span>用<\/span>变<\/span>焦<\/span>镜<\/span>头<\/span>认<\/span>识<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>与<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>才<\/span>是<\/span>“<\/span>真<\/span>”<\/span>、<\/span>是<\/span>“<\/span>本<\/span>质<\/span>”<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/span><\/strong><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzdMYAGicT55SgspVMnvj6u4IHzBuRo8ECicePUmuK9SJJ269KibxgibFTroA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">进<\/span>行<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>，<\/span>第<\/span>一<\/span>步<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>思<\/span>考<\/span>宏<\/span>观<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>环<\/span>境<\/span>、<\/span>中<\/span>观<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>环<\/span>境<\/span>和<\/span>微<\/span>观<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>环<\/span>境<\/span>；<\/span>其<\/span>次<\/span>思<\/span>考<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>商<\/span>业<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>和<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>；<\/span>最<\/span>后<\/span>思<\/span>考<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>与<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>，<\/span>再<\/span>从<\/span>人<\/span>性<\/span>的<\/span>角<\/span>度<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>。<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>是<\/span>简<\/span>单<\/span>的<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>的<\/span>方<\/span>向<\/span>才<\/span>是<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzdWIJnognFfzSDAnUdbiaqk7AUWNz0tBcFIRCGcgxQj2CUKSoWOfb7ZGg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p>做<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>要<\/span>把<\/span>握<\/span>时<\/span>间<\/span>与<\/span>人<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span>在<\/span>A<\/span>轮<\/span>进<\/span>入<\/span>之<\/span>前<\/span>实<\/span>施<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>，<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>看<\/span>到<\/span>的<\/span>是<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>更<\/span>多<\/span>的<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>，<\/span>看<\/span>不<\/span>到<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>更<\/span>多<\/span>的<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>外<\/span>部<\/span>看<\/span>到<\/span>的<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>。<\/span>为<\/span>了<\/span>让<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>相<\/span>信<\/span>，<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>营<\/span>造<\/span>氛<\/span>围<\/span>，<\/span>树<\/span>立<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>信<\/span>心<\/span>，<\/span>从<\/span>而<\/span>在<\/span>投<\/span>资<\/span>方<\/span>进<\/span>入<\/span>之<\/span>前<\/span>完<\/span>成<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>布<\/span>局<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>如<\/span>果<\/span>在<\/span>A<\/span>轮<\/span>进<\/span>入<\/span>之<\/span>后<\/span>实<\/span>施<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>，<\/span>有<\/span>了<\/span>投<\/span>资<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>入<\/span>驻<\/span>，<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>会<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>看<\/span>到<\/span>所<\/span>以<\/span>相<\/span>信<\/span>。<\/span>但<\/span>由<\/span>于<\/span>对<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>实<\/span>施<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>，<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>低<\/span>价<\/span>或<\/span>打<\/span>折<\/span>给<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>持<\/span>股<\/span>，<\/span>容<\/span>易<\/span>造<\/span>成<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>置<\/span>换<\/span>时<\/span>其<\/span>差<\/span>额<\/span>部<\/span>分<\/span>转<\/span>变<\/span>为<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>成<\/span>本<\/span>，<\/span>从<\/span>而<\/span>影<\/span>响<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>利<\/span>润<\/span>，<\/span>甚<\/span>至<\/span>最<\/span>终<\/span>会<\/span>影<\/span>响<\/span>到<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>正<\/span>常<\/span>上<\/span>市<\/span>。<\/span>【<\/span>这<\/span>与<\/span>在<\/span>上<\/span>市<\/span>之<\/span>前<\/span>给<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>原<\/span>始<\/span>股<\/span>是<\/span>同<\/span>理<\/span>】<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzd1BAIaenXVsMFE96iap3t6qbK9x80N10mPGs2XBeHtPpdYflibEgrJeMQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">投<\/span>资<\/span>人<\/span>的<\/span>进<\/span>入<\/span>与<\/span>退<\/span>出<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>般<\/span>遵<\/span>循<\/span>隔<\/span>轮<\/span>退<\/span>出<\/span>的<\/span>原<\/span>则<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>股<\/span>权<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>的<\/span>变<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>基<\/span>本<\/span>上<\/span>是<\/span>遵<\/span>循<\/span>：<\/span>早<\/span>期<\/span>资<\/span>金<\/span>投<\/span>入<\/span>占<\/span>股<\/span>、<\/span>到<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>入<\/span>股<\/span>、<\/span>再<\/span>到<\/span>产<\/span>业<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>入<\/span>股<\/span>、<\/span>再<\/span>到<\/span>各<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>板<\/span>块<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>持<\/span>股<\/span>、<\/span>最<\/span>终<\/span>上<\/span>市<\/span>引<\/span>入<\/span>社<\/span>会<\/span>公<\/span>众<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>的<\/span>顺<\/span>序<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>实<\/span>施<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>的<\/span>双<\/span>二<\/span>十<\/span>原<\/span>则<\/span>：<\/span>给<\/span>予<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>的<\/span>对<\/span>象<\/span>一<\/span>般<\/span>占<\/span>比<\/span>为<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>总<\/span>数<\/span>的<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>左<\/span>右<\/span>，<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>占<\/span>股<\/span>总<\/span>比<\/span>例<\/span>一<\/span>般<\/span>占<\/span>总<\/span>额<\/span>的<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>左<\/span>右<\/span>。<\/span>给<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>在<\/span>授<\/span>予<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>证<\/span>书<\/span>的<\/span>大<\/span>会<\/span>上<\/span>向<\/span>全<\/span>体<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>讲<\/span>解<\/span>为<\/span>何<\/span>配<\/span>股<\/span>的<\/span>原<\/span>因<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>给<\/span>全<\/span>员<\/span>希<\/span>望<\/span>、<\/span>传<\/span>递<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>的<\/span>效<\/span>果<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzdUZXmUrVojKviaGqOguMjT90b0S7Bt8d5PAV3MsNA0mTApjV7BAfeY8Q\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><br\/><\/p><\/span><\/strong><\/p>二、股权设计<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>在<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>情<\/span>况<\/span>下<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>动<\/span>用<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>？<\/span>事<\/span>实<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>设<\/span>立<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>，<\/span>如<\/span>果<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>融<\/span>资<\/span>金<\/span>、<\/span>融<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>、<\/span>融<\/span>智<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>就<\/span>要<\/span>动<\/span>用<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>。<\/span>也<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>采<\/span>取<\/span>抵<\/span>债<\/span>或<\/span>贴<\/span>金<\/span>的<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>置<\/span>换<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>。<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>除<\/span>了<\/span>做<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>要<\/span>做<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>股<\/span>权<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>的<\/span>1<\/span>2<\/span>3<\/span>法<\/span>则<\/span>：<\/span>基<\/span>于<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>商<\/span>业<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>和<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>的<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>；<\/span>属<\/span>于<\/span>2<\/span>人<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>和<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>的<\/span>置<\/span>换<\/span>；<\/span>并<\/span>在<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>、<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>诉<\/span>求<\/span>和<\/span>大<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>平<\/span>衡<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzdGQv7qc7XG3LVJyMU7Tqr787PxZ9YgHGu6dxvDXsVtefMNOvf8ZpJxg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><br\/><\/p>股<\/span>权<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>与<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>本<\/span>质<\/span>是<\/span>人<\/span>与<\/span>人<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>一<\/span>种<\/span>交<\/span>易<\/span>关<\/span>系<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>从<\/span>双<\/span>方<\/span>角<\/span>度<\/span>思<\/span>考<\/span>要<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>以<\/span>及<\/span>有<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>。<\/span>站<\/span>在<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>的<\/span>角<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>他<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>会<\/span>思<\/span>考<\/span>：<\/span>事<\/span>够<\/span>不<\/span>够<\/span>大<\/span>？<\/span>团<\/span>队<\/span>是<\/span>否<\/span>靠<\/span>谱<\/span>?<\/span>加<\/span>入<\/span>后<\/span>能<\/span>做<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>中<\/span>国<\/span>注<\/span>册<\/span>的<\/span>有<\/span>限<\/span>责<\/span>任<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>0<\/span>0<\/span>万<\/span>余<\/span>家<\/span>，<\/span>上<\/span>市<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>3<\/span>5<\/span>0<\/span>0<\/span>余<\/span>家<\/span>，<\/span>从<\/span>概<\/span>率<\/span>上<\/span>来<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>上<\/span>市<\/span>属<\/span>于<\/span>万<\/span>分<\/span>之<\/span>一<\/span>的<\/span>成<\/span>功<\/span>率<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span>上<\/span>市<\/span>的<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>有<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>被<\/span>并<\/span>购<\/span>也<\/span>是<\/span>出<\/span>路<\/span>之<\/span>一<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>购<\/span>也<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>与<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>合<\/span>作<\/span>或<\/span>参<\/span>股<\/span>入<\/span>股<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span>考<\/span>虑<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>性<\/span>质<\/span>的<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>是<\/span>否<\/span>分<\/span>红<\/span>，<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>变<\/span>现<\/span>。<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>后<\/span>的<\/span>利<\/span>润<\/span>*<\/span>市<\/span>盈<\/span>率<\/span>才<\/span>是<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>正<\/span>确<\/span>估<\/span>值<\/span>。<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>的<\/span>成<\/span>本<\/span>会<\/span>增<\/span>加<\/span>3<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>左<\/span>右<\/span>。<\/span>有<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>放<\/span>弃<\/span>也<\/span>是<\/span>最<\/span>好<\/span>的<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">随<\/span>着<\/span>合<\/span>作<\/span>加<\/span>深<\/span>，<\/span>合<\/span>作<\/span>的<\/span>成<\/span>本<\/span>也<\/span>会<\/span>逐<\/span>渐<\/span>加<\/span>大<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>三、股权激励<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzdBYL53aN8j8GEN6n7wTfo86Yt7OSMgpAFNbv02uRyrwpBcTeCX9x6FQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p>（<\/span>详<\/span>情<\/span>略<\/span>）<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>课<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>中<\/span>，<\/span>李<\/span>老<\/span>师<\/span>以<\/span>大<\/span>量<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>案<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>深<\/span>度<\/span>解<\/span>析<\/span>，<\/span>让<\/span>同<\/span>学<\/span>们<\/span>以<\/span>旁<\/span>观<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>角<\/span>度<\/span>来<\/span>学<\/span>习<\/span>他<\/span>人<\/span>的<\/span>故<\/span>事<\/span>，<\/span>体<\/span>会<\/span>到<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>的<\/span>本<\/span>质<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">作<\/span>为<\/span>每<\/span>月<\/span>一<\/span>次<\/span>的<\/span>培<\/span>训<\/span>课<\/span>程<\/span>，<\/span>经<\/span>过<\/span>本<\/span>次<\/span>学<\/span>习<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>学<\/span>们<\/span>都<\/span>认<\/span>识<\/span>到<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>与<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>是<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>知<\/span>识<\/span>的<\/span>学<\/span>习<\/span>，<\/span>更<\/span>是<\/span>基<\/span>于<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>场<\/span>景<\/span>需<\/span>求<\/span>灵<\/span>活<\/span>应<\/span>用<\/span>的<\/span>实<\/span>践<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>导师简介<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>李<\/span>寒<\/span>冰<\/span> <\/span>：<\/span>M<\/span>B<\/span>A<\/span>（<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>人<\/span>民<\/span>大<\/span>学<\/span>）<\/span>、<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>学<\/span>士<\/span>（<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>人<\/span>民<\/span>大<\/span>学<\/span>）<\/span>。<\/span>先<\/span>后<\/span>就<\/span>职<\/span>于<\/span>中<\/span>国<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>银<\/span>行<\/span>、<\/span>雷<\/span>德<\/span>国<\/span>际<\/span>、<\/span>华<\/span>夏<\/span>基<\/span>石<\/span>、<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>。<\/span>擅<\/span>长<\/span>开<\/span>发<\/span>高<\/span>性<\/span>价<\/span>比<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>教<\/span>练<\/span>式<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>供<\/span>高<\/span>互<\/span>动<\/span>、<\/span>高<\/span>实<\/span>操<\/span>的<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>，<\/span>确<\/span>保<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>与<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>、<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>、<\/span>人<\/span>力<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>各<\/span>模<\/span>块<\/span>的<\/span>无<\/span>缝<\/span>对<\/span>接<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"60\"]"},{"id":19,"title":"让组织驱动业务发展、保障战略实施之“组织管理及创新实务”","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651030980,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651031297,"update_time":1651031297,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">  近<\/span>日<\/span>，<\/span><\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">由<\/span>云<\/span>南<\/span>省<\/span>民<\/span>营<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>家<\/span>协<\/span>会<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>融<\/span>资<\/span>上<\/span>市<\/span>专<\/span>委<\/span>会<\/span>主<\/span>办<\/span>，<\/span>北<\/span>京<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>顾<\/span>问<\/span>股<\/span>份<\/span>有<\/span>限<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>协<\/span>办<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>中<\/span>国<\/span>职<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>人<\/span>讲<\/span>武<\/span>堂<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>年<\/span>云<\/span>南<\/span>领<\/span>航<\/span>民<\/span>营<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>创<\/span>新<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>专<\/span>项<\/span>培<\/span>训<\/span>”<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>于<\/span>昆<\/span>明<\/span>举<\/span>行<\/span>，<\/span>五<\/span>十<\/span>余<\/span>名<\/span>云<\/span>南<\/span>省<\/span>民<\/span>营<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>家<\/span>协<\/span>会<\/span>的<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>家<\/span>同<\/span>学<\/span>们<\/span>参<\/span>加<\/span>了<\/span>此<\/span>次<\/span>培<\/span>训<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">会<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>资<\/span>深<\/span>合<\/span>伙<\/span>人<\/span>谭<\/span>文<\/span>杰<\/span>现<\/span>场<\/span>发<\/span>表<\/span>了<\/span>“<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">让<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>驱<\/span>动<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>、<\/span>保<\/span>障<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>实<\/span>施<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>主<\/span>题<\/span>演<\/span>讲<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages js_insertlocalimg\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabCcNAAOYJeU5rcOzTQ6vmSy3BDvwibchLcNez4L3TBVnlp2dQW40kZbUg\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">以<\/span>下<\/span>是<\/span>节<\/span>选<\/span>的<\/span>演<\/span>讲<\/span>内<\/span>容<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(171, 25, 66); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">一、组织管理概述<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">作<\/span>为<\/span>一<\/span>名<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>家<\/span>，<\/span>做<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>的<\/span>目<\/span>的<\/span>是<\/span>为<\/span>了<\/span>更<\/span>好<\/span>的<\/span>驱<\/span>动<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>两<\/span>者<\/span>之<\/span>间<\/span>达<\/span>到<\/span>平<\/span>衡<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">一<\/span>个<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>，<\/span>想<\/span>要<\/span>规<\/span>模<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>必<\/span>先<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>化<\/span>。<\/span>在<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>尚<\/span>未<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>起<\/span>来<\/span>之<\/span>前<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>老<\/span>板<\/span>宁<\/span>可<\/span>亲<\/span>力<\/span>亲<\/span>为<\/span>也<\/span>不<\/span>要<\/span>轻<\/span>易<\/span>放<\/span>权<\/span>，<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>安<\/span>全<\/span>运<\/span>行<\/span>是<\/span>第<\/span>一<\/span>位<\/span>的<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">但<\/span>是<\/span>，<\/span>如<\/span>果<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>不<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>领<\/span>头<\/span>人<\/span>即<\/span>使<\/span>2<\/span>4<\/span>小<\/span>时<\/span>在<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>加<\/span>班<\/span>加<\/span>点<\/span>亲<\/span>力<\/span>亲<\/span>为<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>永<\/span>远<\/span>只<\/span>是<\/span>个<\/span>体<\/span>户<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>永<\/span>远<\/span>不<\/span>可<\/span>能<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>规<\/span>模<\/span>化<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabCpxI9yfJmoWuCsHn3ogSbVeakqGkA29LwIVNfh6ObEdfDq2ibSYuxFGQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">二、组织发展趋势<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">管<\/span>理<\/span>在<\/span>任<\/span>何<\/span>时<\/span>候<\/span>都<\/span>不<\/span>是<\/span>非<\/span>黑<\/span>即<\/span>白<\/span>的<\/span>，<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>上<\/span>有<\/span>无<\/span>数<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>方<\/span>法<\/span>论<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>所<\/span>有<\/span>的<\/span>方<\/span>法<\/span>都<\/span>有<\/span>适<\/span>用<\/span>的<\/span>场<\/span>景<\/span>和<\/span>前<\/span>提<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">因<\/span>为<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>革<\/span>命<\/span>，<\/span>互<\/span>联<\/span>网<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>将<\/span>倒<\/span>逼<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>走<\/span>向<\/span>平<\/span>台<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>也<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>了<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">企<\/span>业<\/span>平<\/span>台<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>第<\/span>一<\/span>步<\/span>是<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>或<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>，<\/span>第<\/span>二<\/span>步<\/span>是<\/span>平<\/span>台<\/span>型<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>，<\/span>第<\/span>三<\/span>步<\/span>则<\/span>是<\/span>平<\/span>台<\/span>型<\/span>商<\/span>业<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">三、从几个案例看组织管理及创新实践<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabCON1NwDbr86xQ2vye9ibxprMWdLVz5bz6nyRTuDyzH9FI6iaT2a8vW8Vg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">  案<\/span>例<\/span>一<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">小<\/span>米<\/span>的<\/span>平<\/span>台<\/span>化<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>，<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>从<\/span>无<\/span>到<\/span>有<\/span>的<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>。<\/span>以<\/span>消<\/span>费<\/span>者<\/span>需<\/span>求<\/span>出<\/span>发<\/span>拿<\/span>到<\/span>订<\/span>单<\/span>，<\/span>再<\/span>到<\/span>工<\/span>厂<\/span>下<\/span>订<\/span>单<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>就<\/span>是<\/span>“<\/span>粉<\/span>丝<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>+<\/span>平<\/span>台<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>典<\/span>型<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">    小<\/span>米<\/span>今<\/span>天<\/span>所<\/span>参<\/span>与<\/span>的<\/span>供<\/span>应<\/span>商<\/span>，<\/span>只<\/span>采<\/span>取<\/span>参<\/span>股<\/span>而<\/span>不<\/span>控<\/span>股<\/span>的<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>，<\/span>其<\/span>唯<\/span>一<\/span>的<\/span>置<\/span>换<\/span>条<\/span>件<\/span>就<\/span>是<\/span>：<\/span>参<\/span>股<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>采<\/span>购<\/span>、<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>、<\/span>销<\/span>售<\/span>的<\/span>所<\/span>有<\/span>数<\/span>据<\/span>都<\/span>要<\/span>在<\/span>小<\/span>米<\/span>的<\/span>软<\/span>件<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>平<\/span>台<\/span>上<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>小<\/span>米<\/span>也<\/span>会<\/span>把<\/span>消<\/span>费<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>数<\/span>据<\/span>与<\/span>参<\/span>股<\/span>方<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>，<\/span>为<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>迈<\/span>向<\/span>“<\/span>大<\/span>数<\/span>据<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>技<\/span>术<\/span>方<\/span>向<\/span>打<\/span>下<\/span>坚<\/span>实<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabCb04dbwWhUA7181kvVdiaHJEFYPtosVTH5ow3ib20Wxxq2EjiaomBubtqQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">    注<\/span>意<\/span>：<\/span>数<\/span>字<\/span>化<\/span>绝<\/span>对<\/span>不<\/span>是<\/span>买<\/span>软<\/span>件<\/span>！<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">    数<\/span>字<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>前<\/span>提<\/span>是<\/span>把<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>与<\/span>商<\/span>业<\/span>上<\/span>线<\/span>，<\/span>如<\/span>果<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>畅<\/span>通<\/span>的<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>和<\/span>六<\/span>大<\/span>逻<\/span>辑<\/span>，<\/span>单<\/span>上<\/span>软<\/span>件<\/span>不<\/span>可<\/span>能<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>不<\/span>可<\/span>能<\/span>让<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>走<\/span>向<\/span>数<\/span>字<\/span>化<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">在<\/span>上<\/span>述<\/span>“<\/span>六<\/span>大<\/span>逻<\/span>辑<\/span>”<\/span>都<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>的<\/span>前<\/span>提<\/span>下<\/span>，<\/span>上<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>才<\/span>能<\/span>助<\/span>力<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>提<\/span>效<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>数<\/span>据<\/span>沉<\/span>淀<\/span>，<\/span>最<\/span>终<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>数<\/span>据<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>为<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>提<\/span>效<\/span>赋<\/span>能<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabC9Qvclb2DYY2N2g7ibSGUxKsSwo2tmWsZiaam0W29QCkXHSqK8FW4utTw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">    到<\/span>底<\/span>是<\/span>去<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>化<\/span>还<\/span>是<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>化<\/span>？<\/span>小<\/span>米<\/span>给<\/span>出<\/span>了<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>的<\/span>答<\/span>案<\/span>：<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>必<\/span>须<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>化<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">    所<\/span>有<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>及<\/span>变<\/span>革<\/span>都<\/span>要<\/span>回<\/span>归<\/span>这<\/span>个<\/span>本<\/span>质<\/span>：<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>和<\/span>解<\/span>放<\/span>生<\/span>产<\/span>率<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>底<\/span>线<\/span>依<\/span>然<\/span>是<\/span>风<\/span>险<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>和<\/span>人<\/span>性<\/span>良<\/span>知<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabCscsYibWOLcL8hldV9C5rfUG1MqhWIGBG1vwylY5AgI2GVABpFYZRbfw\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">    案<\/span>例<\/span>启<\/span>示<\/span>1<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>做<\/span>定<\/span>岗<\/span>定<\/span>编<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>是<\/span>无<\/span>效<\/span>的<\/span>。<\/span>评<\/span>估<\/span>人<\/span>也<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>被<\/span>评<\/span>估<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>描<\/span>述<\/span>给<\/span>出<\/span>准<\/span>确<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>量<\/span>评<\/span>判<\/span>，<\/span>想<\/span>以<\/span>定<\/span>岗<\/span>定<\/span>编<\/span>优<\/span>化<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>是<\/span>无<\/span>效<\/span>的<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">    案<\/span>例<\/span>启<\/span>示<\/span>2<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>低<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>臃<\/span>肿<\/span>这<\/span>种<\/span>在<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>维<\/span>度<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>不<\/span>了<\/span>的<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>，<\/span>就<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>上<\/span>升<\/span>到<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>维<\/span>度<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>和<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>，<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>优<\/span>化<\/span>与<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>、<\/span>以<\/span>及<\/span>流<\/span>程<\/span>的<\/span>优<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>可<\/span>完<\/span>成<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>和<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>精<\/span>简<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><br\/><\/span><\/strong>    案<\/span>例<\/span>启<\/span>示<\/span>3<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>平<\/span>台<\/span>型<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>+<\/span>小<\/span>前<\/span>端<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>及<\/span>统<\/span>一<\/span>的<\/span>客<\/span>服<\/span>中<\/span>心<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>公<\/span>众<\/span>号<\/span>沉<\/span>淀<\/span>客<\/span>户<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>粉<\/span>丝<\/span>群<\/span>，<\/span>加<\/span>上<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>负<\/span>责<\/span>制<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><br\/>    组<\/span>织<\/span>变<\/span>革<\/span>要<\/span>与<\/span>时<\/span>代<\/span>同<\/span>步<\/span>，<\/span>当<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>不<\/span>能<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>时<\/span>就<\/span>要<\/span>回<\/span>在<\/span>上<\/span>一<\/span>层<\/span>去<\/span>找<\/span>到<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>的<\/span>本<\/span>质<\/span>。<\/span>绩<\/span>效<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>做<\/span>不<\/span>好<\/span>，<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>是<\/span>对<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>创<\/span>造<\/span>与<\/span>结<\/span>果<\/span>的<\/span>评<\/span>估<\/span>不<\/span>准<\/span>确<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0em; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">案<\/span>例<\/span>二<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>海<\/span>尔<\/span>的<\/span>历<\/span>史<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>及<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>变<\/span>革<\/span>之<\/span>路<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabCsR7WdvOvAs7EsXGKZc1CP0h4SJIYBCqp0zIy8XdcVBdQryose4xRmg\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabCEVicVkk4rTjROg6IqVRyNoOficQQIHJB6BbYrRicoQuqZEeCmw2R2GC1w\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">    需<\/span>要<\/span>注<\/span>意<\/span>的<\/span>是<\/span>，<\/span>阿<\/span>米<\/span>巴<\/span>推<\/span>行<\/span>的<\/span>前<\/span>提<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>文<\/span>化<\/span>要<\/span>足<\/span>够<\/span>强<\/span>大<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>且<\/span>是<\/span>业<\/span>财<\/span>一<\/span>体<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>把<\/span>每<\/span>个<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>单<\/span>位<\/span>划<\/span>到<\/span>最<\/span>小<\/span>单<\/span>元<\/span>。<\/span>如<\/span>果<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span>的<\/span>前<\/span>提<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>文<\/span>化<\/span>和<\/span>财<\/span>务<\/span>不<\/span>够<\/span>强<\/span>，<\/span>做<\/span>阿<\/span>米<\/span>巴<\/span>是<\/span>难<\/span>于<\/span>成<\/span>功<\/span>的<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabCK4vGELeibf9siaia8f3sGUcKy0j5wSvPEfSN7tQiasSUaUkpc63JJA5nQA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">四、总结与建议<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">  ①<\/span> <\/span>从<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>能<\/span>手<\/span>逐<\/span>步<\/span>成<\/span>长<\/span>为<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>高<\/span>手<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">  ②<\/span> <\/span>学<\/span>会<\/span>倾<\/span>听<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>脚<\/span>步<\/span>声<\/span>，<\/span>找<\/span>准<\/span>节<\/span>奏<\/span>，<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>和<\/span>变<\/span>革<\/span>；<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">  ③<\/span> <\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>是<\/span>漫<\/span>长<\/span>且<\/span>枯<\/span>燥<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>，<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>发<\/span>育<\/span>是<\/span>循<\/span>序<\/span>渐<\/span>进<\/span>的<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>能<\/span>一<\/span>蹴<\/span>而<\/span>就<\/span>，<\/span>只<\/span>有<\/span>C<\/span>E<\/span>O<\/span>才<\/span>能<\/span>把<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>好<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>只<\/span>要<\/span>坚<\/span>持<\/span>就<\/span>会<\/span>有<\/span>效<\/span>果<\/span>；<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">  ④<\/span> <\/span>任<\/span>何<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>的<\/span>成<\/span>功<\/span>都<\/span>不<\/span>可<\/span>模<\/span>仿<\/span>，<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>不<\/span>可<\/span>复<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>探<\/span>索<\/span>属<\/span>于<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>，<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>属<\/span>于<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>的<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>；<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">  ⑤<\/span> <\/span>祝<\/span>福<\/span>各<\/span>位<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>家<\/span>：<\/span>基<\/span>业<\/span>长<\/span>青<\/span>、<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>长<\/span>存<\/span>！<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\">导师简介<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">谭<\/span>文<\/span>杰<\/span>：<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>学<\/span>学<\/span>士<\/span>、<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>资<\/span>深<\/span>合<\/span>伙<\/span>人<\/span>、<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>副<\/span>总<\/span>裁<\/span>。<\/span>先<\/span>后<\/span>主<\/span>持<\/span>多<\/span>家<\/span>国<\/span>字<\/span>头<\/span>大<\/span>型<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>集<\/span>团<\/span>、<\/span>事<\/span>业<\/span>单<\/span>位<\/span>等<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>培<\/span>训<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>。<\/span>在<\/span>大<\/span>消<\/span>费<\/span>、<\/span>新<\/span>零<\/span>售<\/span>、<\/span>文<\/span>化<\/span>教<\/span>育<\/span>等<\/span>领<\/span>域<\/span>创<\/span>新<\/span>商<\/span>业<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>研<\/span>究<\/span>、<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>及<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>、<\/span>人<\/span>力<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>文<\/span>化<\/span>等<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>有<\/span>丰<\/span>富<\/span>的<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>及<\/span>培<\/span>训<\/span>经<\/span>验<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"51\"]"},{"id":18,"title":"企业文化建设的那些“坑”","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651030500,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651030913,"update_time":1651030913,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>一、企业文化建设的困惑<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section>“我们公司成立时间不长，可以做企业文化建设吗？”<\/section><section>“我们公司是中小型企业，企业规模不大，如何做企业文化？”<\/section><section>“我们是家有几十年历史的国有企业，领导觉得现在企业氛围不是很好，如何通过企业文化建设改变现状？”<\/section><section>“我们公司是家国有大型垄断企业，马上面临三项制度改革，要拉大各岗位的工资差距，实行竞争上岗，目前职工情绪不稳定，如何进行企业文化建设，正确引导和教育职工？”<\/section><section>“我们是集团下面的一家子公司，集团已经有企业文化了，做为子公司我们如何打造自己的企业文化？”<\/section><section>“我们是家IT企业，人员流动性大，我们这类企业如何通过企业文化建设减少员工流动性？” <\/section><section>   在笔者十几年的咨询生涯里，每当和企业家沟通闲聊到企业文化建设这个问题时，这些企业家们都有一大堆困惑。一方面大家都觉得企业文化对一个企业具有很重要的意义，另一方面又觉得企业文化太虚，企业文化建设无从下手，不知道如何才能让企业文化真正发挥价值和作用。之所以会产生这么多的困惑，其中很大部分原因是大家对企业文化缺少清晰的认识。<\/section><\/p><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KAKQoicGaH69TliaxOK3ksiblHZmh4t5C8WI6PjMxHnJFibrnpI9PUFPBJCPwc1QbQSz4hsv8tCPDevcQ\/640?wx_fmt=png\"\/><br\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>二、文化的解读<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p>  首先我们要先了解，什么是“文化”？中国的“文化”含义，不但要有知、有识，还要有作、有行，是指文治为法，以礼乐典章制度为依据而教化臣民。在中国古代，“文化”就已经是统治者用来管理百姓、治理社会的重要手段之一。<\/p>  文化力量的强大有时甚至超过武器或战争的威力。既然文化的力量的这么强大，那么文化对企业到底有多大影响呢？这个问题早在霍桑实验时期就已经在研究中发现非正式组织的存在并对员工的效率产生影响，巴纳德在《经理人员的职能》第一次正式的提出非正式组织在正式组织中的存在，并建议所有经理人员正视非正式组织的作用。所以无论你愿不愿意，文化对企业的影响它都在那里。<\/p><section><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>三、企业文化的定义<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section>  笔者通过这么多年的咨询实践，其中最认同美国麻省理工学院教授埃德加·沙因对企业文化的定义，认为这个定义更准确的概括了企业文化的真谛。概括而论，埃德加·沙因对企业文化的定义是：企业文化是企业在解决创建与发展过程中的各种问题时，学得的一组共享的基本假设，因为它们运作得很好，而被视为有效，因此传授给新成员，作为遇到这些问题时，指导如何判断、思考及行动的正确方法。<\/section><section>  比如创新是某个公司的核心价值观，那么这家公司的基本假设是创新是有利于公司发展的，哪怕创新有风险、会失败，公司层面都会鼓励创新。所以我认同企业文化最核心的是企业在发展中形成的一些基本假设，然后这些基本假设不断通过行为和规范被强化。我们看到很多企业对外宣传的口号是“以人为本”，但在管理实际中却是以远近亲疏为本、以个人喜恶为本、以关系为本。这种现象在企业中很普遍，这也是很多企业在企业文化建设中常见的错误，即它们所倡导的与自己实践截然相反。之所以会发生这种现象，就是因为很多企业没有正确理解企业文化的本质，对存在于自己企业内部的一系列基本假设没有清晰地挖掘出来，导致认为自己提倡的、追求的就应该是自己的企业文化，以致于产生上述那些企业文化混乱的现象。<br\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>四、企业文化建设的误区<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section>  由于领导者对企业文化认识不清，所以领导者在推行企业文化的过程中，容易陷入一些误区。其中企业文化建设最容易陷入的三个误区分别是：企业文化就是老板倡导的文化；企业文化建设中员工只是被动的接受者；企业文化建设中短期行为普遍。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  误区一：企业文化就是老板倡导的文化。<\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>      企业文化是全体员工对于企业目标、价值以及行为的共同信仰。正如埃德加·沙因所说的，能够发挥作用，被员工所接受的价值观、信念和行为风格才称得上是企业文化。作为企业的领导者，在推行个人的观念、信念、价值观、行为风格等文化因素之前，要先考虑它是否能得到员工的认同；在建设的过程中，要不断地修正和重塑企业文化的内涵。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  误区二：企业文化建设中员工只是被动的接受者。<\/span><\/strong><\/section><section>      企业文化是一个发展、演变的过程。随着企业的发展而演变，让员工参与其中，发挥建设性的作用，才能建立企业的核心竞争力。没有认同的文化就没有价值，而认同的关键是参与和共享。一切手段必须在认同的前提下才有实效，所以员工的参与是企业文化建设的重要内容。企业文化建设的核心是认同和共享，这是一个接受、理解、体现的过程。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  误区三：企业文化建设普遍存在中短期行为。<\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>    有些领导者在建设企业文化时以为在墙上贴些“以人为本”、“人本管理”之类的标语，就可以推进企业文化的建设。有些领导者急功近利，总希望企业文化建设能快速带来效益。企业文化的建设是一个长期的过程，企业要提炼总结出这套假设系统，这套假设系统要及时让员工知道，并潜移默化到他们日常的工作行为当中去，久而久之，这套假设系统中的内容才能内化成为企业文化的一部分。潜移默化，不是短期内就能做到的。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>五、企业文化建设<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section>  如何建设企业文化？企业文化的建设说起来大家都知道，但真正做起来却又感觉有很多的不解，就如本文开头各个不同类型企业对企业文化建设提出很多问题，都有众多困惑。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  “我们公司成立时间不长，可以做企业文化建设吗？” “我们公司是中小型企业，企业规模不大，如何做企业文化？”“我们是家有几十年历史的国有企业，领导觉得现在企业氛围不是很好，如何通过企业文化建设改变现状？” 任何一个公司，不管其成立长短，民营还是国企，规模大小，一定会有其自身的文化。只是这种文化，会有强弱之分，正面和负面之分。既然企业文化是企业在解决创建与发展过程中的各种问题时形成的一套共享基本假设，一家企业从创建起就开始形成自己的企业文化。所以，无论企业成立时间、规模大小、企业性质有多大的差异，其实企业文化建设要求与作用都是一样的。企业文化建设都是要提炼总结出已经存在这家企业的那套最底层潜意识形态，准确寻找到这家企业发展中已形成的这些基本假定，并通过发扬、维持、摒弃等方式对这些基本假定进行梳理，形成一套清晰的企业文化理念体系，使企业在文化引领下提高企业核心竞争能力，实现企业经营业绩的持续健康增长。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  “我们公司是家国有大型垄断企业，马上面临三项制度改革，要拉大各岗位的工资差距，实行竞争上岗，目前职工情绪不稳定，如何进行企业文化建设，正确引导和教育职工？”国有企业为适应市场经济要求，根据国家相关政策需进行内部组织变革，或者非国有企业发展到一定阶段，为适应企业进一步发展，也需进行企业组织变革。由于企业改变了组织原来的工作流程和工作方式，相应也对员工的思维和心智模式造成了冲击，因此，企业内部组织变革必然会引发文化变革问题。在此种情况下，企业文化建设一方面要让大家感到变革是大势所趋，另一方面通过新的文化理念体系给大家一个明确的方向和到达该方向的途径和方法，通过文化传播使大家能更快适应变革后的组织环境与工作方式，克服员工成长焦虑，从而使员工很快跟上组织变革的步伐。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>   “我们是集团下面的一家子公司，集团已经有企业文化了，做为子公司我们如何打造自己的企业文化？”关于集团化企业下的子企业如何建设企业文化，这里存在一个母文化和子文化的对接和传承问题。在做子公司文化的时候，需对母文化进行深化、细化，对母文化提出的愿景、价值观、理念根据本单位的特点进行分解，通过分解使本单位在范围、程度、深度、广度等方面与母公司进行承接。使本单位的企业文化建设在服从集团文化的核心理念基础上与本单位特色结合起来，做到既继承，又有突破；既保持，又有创新。使子公司的企业文化在整个大的框架下，既传承母文化的核心，又展现自身子文化特点，体现了自己的特色。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>   “我们是家IT企业，人员流动性大，我们这类企业如何通过企业文化建设减少员工流动性？”由于行业间所具有的特性差异，企业文化带有明显的行业属性特征，如信息化企业、生产型企业、化工类企业、金融型企业这些企业间就有显著的行业文化差异。做为信息化企业，普遍存在以快速响应、迭代更新为基础的行业属性，导致企业普遍存在企业认同度低，人员流动性大的文化特征，所以信息化企业更要注重企业文化的建设。通过企业文化建设，建立起企业内部认同的符合公司特征的文化理念体系，并且转化为员工的日常行为规范。只要企业形成鲜明的核心价值观，通过价值观的传导，使企业内部形成共同的行为规范，同时促进核心团队的相对稳定性，这家信息化企业才能形成凝聚力、具有战斗力。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  从以上解惑中我们可以看出，不同类型的企业、不同阶段的企业，企业文化建设的方向与重点是不同的，每家企业都要根据本公司的发展历史、行业特征、所处环境等维度挖掘、提炼出自己特色的文化体系，才能为本企业找准企业文化建设方向奠定基础。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>六、企业文化建设主要步骤<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section>  总得来说，企业文化建设要分三步走：<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  第一步是企业文化体系的构建和提炼，即挖掘基因、筛选整理、提炼升华等。在这一程序中，可以借鉴专业的管理咨询机构一起实施，也可以自己学习使用专业的工具自己执行。如竞争性价值模型、丹尼森模型、奎因模型、7S模型、价值观诊断矩阵等工具，企业可根据本身特征采用其中两三个工具进行文化诊断与挖掘整理。企业文化建设在这个阶段上重点放在对企业基本假设、管理思想的梳理、提炼上。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  第二步是文化落地规划和传播，即如何将企业的核心价值观通过传播潜移默化地影响员工的行为。在这一阶段，企业采用企业熟悉的方式加以传播，如可以通过典礼、仪式等方式有效推广企业理念，丰富生动地贯彻到各个方面；或者通过树立典范或优秀人物等方式让所有的员工感受到切实的影响；或者内部网络、报刊、论坛、宣传阵地等途径，经常性地对员工进行教育和培训。通过这些方式方法让员工切实参与到企业文化建设中，并在企业内有效传播企业理念，共享价值体系。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  第三步是文化资源的内化和使用，在这一阶段，企业通过一系列政策制度，将基本假设融入到日常经营管理活动中。通过企业愿景、企业使命或企业宗旨、企业精神等方向性的文化理念，融入企业发展战略规划、目标的实现中；把与经营、管理有关的通用类的文化理念，融入企业的一切经营与管理活动、过程中；把个性类的文化理念融入全员的工作、任务中；引导和推动企业的健康、良性发展，并让企业的发展成果带上本企业个性特征的文化烙印。在这阶段各层级员工做到以身作则，进入内心，成为习惯，改变物质，社交，让文化资源真正成为企业经营管理的“消费品”。只有这样，企业文化才算是扎根。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>七、企业文化建设意义<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section>  通过本文论述，相信大家对企业文化也有正确的认识。总之，企业文化之于企业，犹如人之精神，是企业生命之本、发展之要。企业文化建设是企业管理的头等大事，企业的发展壮大关键在于文化引领、文化传播及文化管理，三位一体，循序渐进。做企业需要有企业文化，团队和成员有了统一的事业理想目标，就会按照企业文化去做和刷新，发挥团队中每位成员的长处，减少沟通成本；员工也会受到企业文化的激励和约束，致力于服务企业的事业，实现企业的永续发展，打造百年基业。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  企业文化建设本身就是管理，是更高层次的核心管理和系统管理。它是通过解读企业经营管理的关键竞争要素，清晰定义企业的核心价值，并通过系统实施，推动企业各个层面的经营能力和管理效能的全面提升，最终形成企业的核心竞争力。<\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>  企业文化建设咨询的重点是聚焦于企业成长发展的核心因子——企业的核心价值。它是企业经营管理的所有层面核心价值的高度凝练。它以信念为核心，以实现经营战略为目标，以管理科学为保障，举重若轻，牵一发而动全身。使企业的核心价值驱动要素清晰化、系统化，并通过有效运作实现企业的持续增长。<\/section><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"69\"]"},{"id":17,"title":"教培行业财税合规的难点与痛点","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651030200,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651030389,"update_time":1651030389,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  经历了2020年疫情，满受重创的教培行业，2021年又迎来了自2018年以来最严的一次行业整顿。从2021年3月18日起，人民日报连续4天对教培行业的灵魂拷问，北京海淀、朝阳区全面停课整顿，验收合格后复课。而后多地效仿，各地教培机构迎来近期最严监管。<\/span><\/section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KA6hKURMowJV0PpxeWBJGdyFGEibaIc2GbKhLxyJjE68pYADdMh3t09u6fkUVdJBYkf6ey3uBgicuAg\/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">一、<\/span>整顿对培训机构的财务影响<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: 微软雅黑; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  从北京整顿情况来看，重点检查以下八项内容：办学资质、教师资格、教学内容、培训时间、收费周期、资金监管、安全条件、广告宣传。<\/span>从财务的视角，解析本轮行业整顿对培训机构的影响，笔者认为主要有以下几条：<\/span><\/span><\/section><section>    1、 办学资质：无证无照有个场地就办培训学校的情况几乎不可能了。有了办学许可证，还要有营业执照，现在营业执照是"五证合一"，营业执照、组织机构代码证、税务登记证、社会保险登记证、统计登记证，简称"五证合一"。证照齐全，身份合法即进入税收、社保及教委的监管体系。<\/span><\/section><section>    2、 收费周期不超过3个月或60个课时，学校的预收减少了，资金变的紧张了。<\/span><\/section><section>    3、 资金监管：专户收费纳入银行监管，以前现金收费，收入不交税，老师现金发工资的情况行不通了。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>二、行业财务合规的难点与痛点<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section>  在金税四期大数据监管体系、教委的资金监管、以及行业大规模整顿的影响下，教培行业财务合规成为必然之路。关于教培行业财务合规的难点与痛点，笔者摘取了几条关键点：<\/span><\/section><section>    1、 两账合一问题：教培行业的外账普遍由代理记账公司记账，代理记账公司不了解公司业务，根据票据记账，本身存在税务风险问题。<\/span><\/section><section>    2、 全成本运营问题：兼职老师的工资，如何入账？代扣个税老师不愿意，不代扣个税，税务不确认成本支出，企业所得税更高。<\/span><\/section><section>    3、 历史投入入账问题：以前校区装修，设备购买，没有发票，没有入账。现在收入全入账，应该抵扣的成本无法抵扣，使利润增高，企业所得税多交。<\/span><\/section><section>    4、 预收款欠账问题：以前的预收款已经支用，新的预收款被监管，原来的资金亏空如何弥补成为问题。<\/span><\/section><section>    5、 合规带来的税务成本，运营成本增加，利润缩水了，校区如何持续发展？<\/span><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>三、<\/span>教培行业财务合规之路<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section>  如何走好教培行业的财务合规之路？笔者认为需要重点关注以下几点：<\/span><\/section><section>    1、认知：校长与核心管理层要认识到财务合规的重要性与必然性<\/span><\/section><section>    2、 整体规划设计：从公司组织架构设置，运营与财务管理的整体规划着手，合理运用税收政策，降低税收成本。<\/span><\/section><section>    3、 运用科学的财务管理工具，对校区精细化、数字化管理，提升学校的效益与效益。<\/span><\/section><section>    4、提高校长及核心管理层的财务管理知识，增强校长及核心管理层的财商能力。<\/span><\/section><section>    5、 提升财务人员专业的知识，掌握财务管理工具，用财务专业能力支撑校区运营与发展。<\/span><\/section><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"65\"]"},{"id":16,"title":"为表诚意给股权，怎么反而把人吓跑了？","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651029660,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651030152,"update_time":1651030152,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>导语：<\/strong><\/span><\/p>    很<\/span>多<\/span>创<\/span>业<\/span>者<\/span>愿<\/span>意<\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>分<\/span>享<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>宝<\/span>贵<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>去<\/span>汇<\/span>聚<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>、<\/span>延<\/span>揽<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>很<\/span>多<\/span>时<\/span>候<\/span>却<\/span>是<\/span>剃<\/span>头<\/span>挑<\/span>子<\/span>一<\/span>头<\/span>热<\/span>，<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>掏<\/span>心<\/span>掏<\/span>肺<\/span>给<\/span>与<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>高<\/span>职<\/span>位<\/span>、<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>和<\/span>信<\/span>任<\/span>，<\/span>换<\/span>来<\/span>的<\/span>却<\/span>常<\/span>常<\/span>是<\/span>对<\/span>方<\/span>的<\/span>冷<\/span>漠<\/span>甚<\/span>至<\/span>拒<\/span>绝<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>这<\/span>到<\/span>底<\/span>是<\/span>为<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>呢<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/span><\/p><\/section><section><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KAibwsHBNLOuVzeexvsLVfj84c6xLL9aQDEicmKMibKRp3M9UrvialxGNmHBDE9dLYvVgc0mxYXH9MbWQ\/640?wx_fmt=other\"\/><\/section>    其<\/span>实<\/span>道<\/span>理<\/span>也<\/span>非<\/span>常<\/span>简<\/span>单<\/span>，<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>合<\/span>伙<\/span>的<\/span>前<\/span>提<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>彼<\/span>此<\/span>在<\/span>内<\/span>心<\/span>深<\/span>处<\/span>有<\/span>坚<\/span>定<\/span>的<\/span>信<\/span>任<\/span>。<\/span>所<\/span>谓<\/span>日<\/span>久<\/span>见<\/span>人<\/span>心<\/span>，<\/span>信<\/span>任<\/span>又<\/span>只<\/span>能<\/span>逐<\/span>步<\/span>在<\/span>相<\/span>处<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>中<\/span>慢<\/span>慢<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>。<\/span><\/span>商<\/span>业<\/span>世<\/span>界<\/span>中<\/span>时<\/span>机<\/span>稍<\/span>纵<\/span>即<\/span>逝<\/span>，<\/span>往<\/span>往<\/span>等<\/span>不<\/span>及<\/span>漫<\/span>长<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span>恋<\/span>爱<\/span>期<\/span>”<\/span>去<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>信<\/span>任<\/span>，<\/span>那<\/span>怎<\/span>么<\/span>才<\/span>能<\/span>在<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>深<\/span>入<\/span>信<\/span>任<\/span>的<\/span>情<\/span>况<\/span>下<\/span>，<\/span>就<\/span>让<\/span>优<\/span>秀<\/span>的<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>开<\/span>始<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>激<\/span>发<\/span>出<\/span>最<\/span>佳<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>状<\/span>态<\/span>呢<\/span>？<\/span>下<\/span>面<\/span>这<\/span>个<\/span>故<\/span>事<\/span>会<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>给<\/span>你<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>的<\/span>操<\/span>作<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>，<\/span>更<\/span>帮<\/span>助<\/span>你<\/span>走<\/span>出<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>的<\/span>世<\/span>界<\/span>，<\/span>走<\/span>入<\/span>合<\/span>作<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>内<\/span>心<\/span>。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/span><\/p><section><br\/><\/section><section>    某<\/span>游<\/span>戏<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>开<\/span>发<\/span>运<\/span>营<\/span>M<\/span>O<\/span>B<\/span>A<\/span><\/span><\/span>（<\/span>M<\/span>u<\/span>l<\/span>t<\/span>i<\/span>p<\/span>l<\/span>a<\/span>y<\/span>e<\/span>r<\/span> <\/span>O<\/span>n<\/span>l<\/span>i<\/span>n<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>B<\/span>a<\/span>t<\/span>t<\/span>l<\/span>e<\/span> <\/span>A<\/span>r<\/span>e<\/span>n<\/span>a<\/span>，<\/span>多<\/span>人<\/span>在<\/span>线<\/span>战<\/span>术<\/span>竞<\/span>技<\/span>游<\/span>戏<\/span>）<\/span><\/span><\/span>类<\/span>手<\/span>机<\/span>游<\/span>戏<\/span>，<\/span>赶<\/span>上<\/span>了<\/span>电<\/span>子<\/span>竞<\/span>技<\/span>全<\/span>民<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>趋<\/span>势<\/span>，<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>以<\/span>4<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>的<\/span>复<\/span>合<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>率<\/span>快<\/span>速<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KBtze1KRc7vJ43eYPviagdyfyCxgXGlx5kO4qia0l2qgicbdPV4WbCQGoFXNc99AoiaCXhzun8uMThLaA\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>    但<\/span>最<\/span>近<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>两<\/span>位<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>愁<\/span>眉<\/span>不<\/span>展<\/span>，<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>配<\/span>合<\/span>默<\/span>契<\/span>的<\/span>铁<\/span>三<\/span>角<\/span>之<\/span>一<\/span>、<\/span>负<\/span>责<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>合<\/span>伙<\/span>人<\/span>因<\/span>家<\/span>庭<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>将<\/span>前<\/span>往<\/span>其<\/span>他<\/span>城<\/span>市<\/span>定<\/span>居<\/span>，<\/span><\/span>现<\/span>急<\/span>需<\/span>一<\/span>位<\/span>新<\/span>的<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>合<\/span>伙<\/span>人<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>很<\/span>多<\/span>朋<\/span>友<\/span>推<\/span>荐<\/span>了<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>业<\/span>界<\/span>的<\/span>优<\/span>秀<\/span>人<\/span>选<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>两<\/span>位<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>不<\/span>甚<\/span>满<\/span>意<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>M<\/span>O<\/span>B<\/span>A<\/span>手<\/span>机<\/span>游<\/span>戏<\/span>领<\/span>域<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>的<\/span>结<\/span>局<\/span>往<\/span>往<\/span>是<\/span>王<\/span>牌<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>绝<\/span>对<\/span>垄<\/span>断<\/span>，<\/span>其<\/span>他<\/span>小<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>若<\/span>不<\/span>能<\/span>牢<\/span>牢<\/span>绑<\/span>定<\/span>精<\/span>准<\/span>的<\/span>细<\/span>分<\/span>人<\/span>群<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>使<\/span>短<\/span>期<\/span>数<\/span>据<\/span>再<\/span>好<\/span>也<\/span>未<\/span>必<\/span>能<\/span>生<\/span>存<\/span>下<\/span>来<\/span>。<\/span>要<\/span>找<\/span>到<\/span>真<\/span>正<\/span>深<\/span>刻<\/span>理<\/span>解<\/span>细<\/span>分<\/span>客<\/span>户<\/span>，<\/span>又<\/span>擅<\/span>长<\/span>使<\/span>用<\/span>各<\/span>种<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>策<\/span>略<\/span>的<\/span>人<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>亚<\/span>于<\/span>大<\/span>海<\/span>捞<\/span>针<\/span>。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>    大<\/span>量<\/span>筛<\/span>选<\/span>后<\/span>，<\/span>两<\/span>人<\/span>发<\/span>现<\/span>一<\/span>位<\/span>同<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>总<\/span>监<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>符<\/span>合<\/span>条<\/span>件<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>仔<\/span>细<\/span>询<\/span>问<\/span>他<\/span>以<\/span>往<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>经<\/span>历<\/span>和<\/span>实<\/span>操<\/span>的<\/span>项<\/span>目<\/span>运<\/span>营<\/span>情<\/span>况<\/span>，<\/span>发<\/span>现<\/span>对<\/span>方<\/span>最<\/span>擅<\/span>长<\/span>的<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>领<\/span>域<\/span>更<\/span>倾<\/span>向<\/span>于<\/span>青<\/span>少<\/span>年<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>不<\/span>契<\/span>合<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>人<\/span>群<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>想<\/span>在<\/span>M<\/span>O<\/span>B<\/span>A<\/span>领<\/span>域<\/span>内<\/span>打<\/span>出<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>差<\/span>异<\/span>化<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>与<\/span>主<\/span>流<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>正<\/span>面<\/span>竞<\/span>争<\/span>，<\/span>侧<\/span>重<\/span>选<\/span>择<\/span>压<\/span>力<\/span>较<\/span>大<\/span>的<\/span>中<\/span>青<\/span>年<\/span>人<\/span>群<\/span>。<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>合<\/span>作<\/span>是<\/span>在<\/span>双<\/span>方<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>匹<\/span>配<\/span>的<\/span>前<\/span>提<\/span>下<\/span>紧<\/span>密<\/span>绑<\/span>定<\/span>，<\/span>所<\/span>以<\/span>他<\/span>们<\/span>放<\/span>弃<\/span>了<\/span>这<\/span>位<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>总<\/span>监<\/span>填<\/span>补<\/span>空<\/span>缺<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><br\/><\/p><section><section><section><section>0<\/span>1<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong>股<\/span>权<\/span>是<\/span>怎<\/span>么<\/span>把<\/span>人<\/span>吓<\/span>跑<\/span>的<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>    两<\/span>位<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>重<\/span>新<\/span>梳<\/span>理<\/span>了<\/span>新<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>合<\/span>伙<\/span>人<\/span>的<\/span>画<\/span>像<\/span>，<\/span>核<\/span>心<\/span>是<\/span>拥<\/span>有<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>对<\/span>应<\/span>细<\/span>分<\/span>领<\/span>域<\/span>人<\/span>群<\/span>的<\/span>深<\/span>刻<\/span>理<\/span>解<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>及<\/span>能<\/span>够<\/span>对<\/span>接<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>的<\/span>流<\/span>量<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>，<\/span>职<\/span>业<\/span>范<\/span>围<\/span>上<\/span>则<\/span>不<\/span>再<\/span>局<\/span>限<\/span>于<\/span>业<\/span>内<\/span>人<\/span>士<\/span>。<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>策<\/span>略<\/span>后<\/span>多<\/span>方<\/span>寻<\/span>觅<\/span>，<\/span>他<\/span>们<\/span>找<\/span>到<\/span>一<\/span>位<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(187, 19, 62); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">候<\/span>选<\/span>人<\/span>A<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section>    A<\/span>曾<\/span>在<\/span>几<\/span>个<\/span>知<\/span>名<\/span>大<\/span>型<\/span>论<\/span>坛<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>多<\/span>年<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>不<\/span>同<\/span>群<\/span>体<\/span>关<\/span>注<\/span>的<\/span>话<\/span>题<\/span>、<\/span>情<\/span>绪<\/span>爆<\/span>点<\/span>等<\/span>都<\/span>有<\/span>精<\/span>准<\/span>的<\/span>了<\/span>解<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>圈<\/span>内<\/span>有<\/span>很<\/span>多<\/span>朋<\/span>友<\/span>，<\/span>有<\/span>多<\/span>个<\/span>流<\/span>量<\/span>平<\/span>台<\/span>的<\/span>对<\/span>接<\/span>关<\/span>系<\/span>和<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>。<\/span>并<\/span>且<\/span>他<\/span>个<\/span>人<\/span>不<\/span>太<\/span>喜<\/span>欢<\/span>竞<\/span>技<\/span>性<\/span>非<\/span>常<\/span>强<\/span>的<\/span>游<\/span>戏<\/span>类<\/span>型<\/span>，<\/span>认<\/span>为<\/span>太<\/span>注<\/span>重<\/span>游<\/span>戏<\/span>结<\/span>果<\/span>胜<\/span>负<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>利<\/span>于<\/span>中<\/span>青<\/span>年<\/span>人<\/span>群<\/span>压<\/span>力<\/span>的<\/span>释<\/span>放<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>与<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>更<\/span>倾<\/span>向<\/span>于<\/span>休<\/span>闲<\/span>类<\/span>的<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>方<\/span>向<\/span>不<\/span>谋<\/span>而<\/span>合<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/>    由<\/span>于<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>迫<\/span>切<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>新<\/span>的<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>负<\/span>责<\/span>人<\/span>，<\/span>两<\/span>位<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>向<\/span>他<\/span>抛<\/span>出<\/span>橄<\/span>榄<\/span>枝<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>    ·<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>提<\/span>出<\/span>采<\/span>用<\/span>限<\/span>制<\/span>性<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>的<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>，<\/span>愿<\/span>意<\/span>出<\/span>让<\/span>1<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>，<\/span>希<\/span>望<\/span>A<\/span>能<\/span>够<\/span>即<\/span>刻<\/span>以<\/span>优<\/span>惠<\/span>价<\/span>格<\/span>出<\/span>资<\/span>入<\/span>股<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/section><section>    ·<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>同<\/span>时<\/span>约<\/span>定<\/span>如<\/span>果<\/span>A<\/span>今<\/span>后<\/span>离<\/span>开<\/span>，<\/span>则<\/span>根<\/span>据<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>年<\/span>限<\/span>确<\/span>定<\/span>离<\/span>开<\/span>时<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>退<\/span>回<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span>既<\/span>能<\/span>表<\/span>示<\/span>出<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>与<\/span>A<\/span>长<\/span>期<\/span>合<\/span>作<\/span>的<\/span>决<\/span>心<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>控<\/span>制<\/span>了<\/span>万<\/span>一<\/span>遇<\/span>人<\/span>不<\/span>淑<\/span>的<\/span>风<\/span>险<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section>没<\/span>想<\/span>到<\/span>对<\/span>方<\/span>反<\/span>而<\/span>犹<\/span>豫<\/span>起<\/span>来<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>抛<\/span>出<\/span>的<\/span>橄<\/span>榄<\/span>枝<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(187, 19, 62); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">迟<\/span>迟<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>回<\/span>复<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/section><section><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section>0<\/span>2<\/span> <\/span>破<\/span>局<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section>  两<\/span>位<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>一<\/span>时<\/span>不<\/span>知<\/span>该<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>处<\/span>理<\/span>，<\/span>找<\/span>到<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>专<\/span>家<\/span>李<\/span>老<\/span>师<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>破<\/span>局<\/span>。<\/span>李<\/span>老<\/span>师<\/span>解<\/span>析<\/span>了<\/span>A<\/span>心<\/span>中<\/span>的<\/span>顾<\/span>虑<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>提<\/span>出<\/span>了<\/span>能<\/span>打<\/span>消<\/span>顾<\/span>虑<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>共<\/span>赢<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><\/section><section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(187, 19, 62); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  首<\/span>先<\/span>，<\/span>分<\/span>析<\/span>A<\/span>为<\/span>何<\/span>会<\/span>犹<\/span>豫<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><\/section><ul style=\"margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\" class=\" list-paddingleft-2\"><li>A<\/span>虽<\/span><\/span><\/span>然<\/span>与<\/span>两<\/span>位<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>理<\/span>念<\/span>相<\/span>投<\/span><\/span><\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>认<\/span>可<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>产<\/span>品<\/span>和<\/span>前<\/span>景<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>A<\/span>毕<\/span>竟<\/span>是<\/span>跨<\/span>界<\/span>转<\/span>型<\/span>，<\/span>能<\/span>否<\/span>成<\/span>功<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>心<\/span>里<\/span>也<\/span>没<\/span>底<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>虽<\/span>然<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>价<\/span>格<\/span>不<\/span>高<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>1<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>对<\/span>应<\/span>的<\/span>出<\/span>资<\/span>金<\/span>额<\/span>并<\/span>非<\/span>小<\/span>数<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>刻<\/span>出<\/span>资<\/span>入<\/span>股<\/span>对<\/span>他<\/span>而<\/span>言<\/span>是<\/span>个<\/span>“<\/span>豪<\/span>赌<\/span>”<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li>而<\/span>且<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>没<\/span>来<\/span>得<\/span>及<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>信<\/span>任<\/span>的<\/span>两<\/span>位<\/span>合<\/span>伙<\/span>人<\/span>让<\/span>其<\/span>一<\/span>步<\/span>到<\/span>位<\/span>马<\/span>上<\/span>出<\/span>资<\/span>，<\/span>反<\/span>倒<\/span>会<\/span>让<\/span>A<\/span>怀<\/span>疑<\/span>这<\/span>是<\/span>馅<\/span>饼<\/span>还<\/span>是<\/span>陷<\/span>阱<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><br\/><\/p><section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(187, 19, 62); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  其<\/span>次<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>种<\/span>情<\/span>况<\/span>之<\/span>下<\/span>如<\/span>何<\/span>破<\/span>局<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section>    破<\/span>局<\/span>的<\/span>方<\/span>法<\/span>非<\/span>常<\/span>简<\/span>单<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>限<\/span>制<\/span>性<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>上<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>微<\/span>调<\/span>，<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(187, 19, 62); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">即<\/span>不<\/span>要<\/span>立<\/span>刻<\/span>给<\/span>予<\/span>A<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>，<\/span>改<\/span>为<\/span>分<\/span>期<\/span>授<\/span>予<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>票<\/span>期<\/span>权<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>    这<\/span>个<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>有<\/span>可<\/span>能<\/span>爆<\/span>发<\/span>性<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>，<\/span>原<\/span>先<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>的<\/span>按<\/span>照<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>年<\/span>限<\/span>分<\/span>期<\/span>获<\/span>得<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>不<\/span>能<\/span>最<\/span>大<\/span>限<\/span>度<\/span>地<\/span>与<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>业<\/span>绩<\/span>挂<\/span>钩<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>不<\/span>能<\/span>更<\/span>好<\/span>地<\/span>激<\/span>发<\/span>A<\/span>的<\/span>积<\/span>极<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(187, 19, 62); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  可<\/span>以<\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span>约<\/span>定<\/span>行<\/span>权<\/span>标<\/span>准<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section>    1<\/span>、<\/span>授<\/span>予<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>比<\/span>例<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><section><section><section>    ·<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong>如<\/span>果<\/span>A<\/span>任<\/span>职<\/span>第<\/span>一<\/span>年<\/span>的<\/span>销<\/span>售<\/span>业<\/span>绩<\/span>同<\/span>比<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>1<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>（<\/span>已<\/span>考<\/span>虑<\/span>了<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>的<\/span>自<\/span>然<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>）<\/span>，<\/span>说<\/span>明<\/span>A<\/span>已<\/span>基<\/span>本<\/span>适<\/span>应<\/span>了<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>运<\/span>营<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>，<\/span>授<\/span>予<\/span>5<\/span>%<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>；<\/span>·<\/span> <\/span>如<\/span>果<\/span>同<\/span>比<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>4<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>，<\/span>说<\/span>明<\/span>A<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>适<\/span>应<\/span>而<\/span>且<\/span>确<\/span>实<\/span>把<\/span>个<\/span>人<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>转<\/span>化<\/span>成<\/span>了<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>业<\/span>绩<\/span>，<\/span>则<\/span>再<\/span>授<\/span>予<\/span>5<\/span>%<\/span>，<\/span>合<\/span>计<\/span>1<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/p>    ·<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong>如<\/span>果<\/span>第<\/span>一<\/span>年<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>4<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>，<\/span>则<\/span>可<\/span>递<\/span>延<\/span>至<\/span>第<\/span>二<\/span>年<\/span>，<\/span>第<\/span>二<\/span>年<\/span>业<\/span>绩<\/span>同<\/span>比<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>1<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>，<\/span>或<\/span>者<\/span>比<\/span>任<\/span>职<\/span>前<\/span>一<\/span>年<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>5<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>，<\/span>二<\/span>者<\/span>满<\/span>足<\/span>其<\/span>一<\/span>都<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>再<\/span>获<\/span>得<\/span>5<\/span>%<\/span>，<\/span>合<\/span>计<\/span>1<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/p>    ·<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong>如<\/span>果<\/span>两<\/span>年<\/span>累<\/span>计<\/span>增<\/span>长<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span>2<\/span>0<\/span>%<\/span>，<\/span>那<\/span>么<\/span>A<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>得<\/span>不<\/span>到<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>，<\/span>双<\/span>方<\/span>也<\/span>停<\/span>止<\/span>合<\/span>作<\/span>，<\/span>A<\/span>不<\/span>再<\/span>担<\/span>任<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>总<\/span>监<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section>    2<\/span>、<\/span>行<\/span>权<\/span>价<\/span>格<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section>    ·<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong>行<\/span>权<\/span>价<\/span>格<\/span>按<\/span>当<\/span>前<\/span>约<\/span>定<\/span>的<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>估<\/span>值<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>会<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>未<\/span>来<\/span>价<\/span>值<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>而<\/span>增<\/span>加<\/span>。<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>约<\/span>定<\/span>A<\/span>拿<\/span>到<\/span>的<\/span>薪<\/span>资<\/span>与<\/span>现<\/span>有<\/span>两<\/span>位<\/span>合<\/span>伙<\/span>人<\/span>一<\/span>样<\/span>，<\/span>大<\/span>约<\/span>为<\/span>A<\/span>在<\/span>原<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>收<\/span>入<\/span>的<\/span>7<\/span>5<\/span>%<\/span>。<\/span><\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span><\/span><\/span>A<\/span>相<\/span>当<\/span>于<\/span>用<\/span>少<\/span>许<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>资<\/span>损<\/span>失<\/span>，<\/span>换<\/span>来<\/span>可<\/span>观<\/span>的<\/span>低<\/span>价<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>，<\/span>让<\/span>自<\/span>己<\/span>完<\/span>成<\/span>从<\/span>一<\/span>位<\/span>高<\/span>级<\/span>打<\/span>工<\/span>仔<\/span>到<\/span>联<\/span>合<\/span>创<\/span>始<\/span>人<\/span>的<\/span>转<\/span>变<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>两<\/span>位<\/span>股<\/span>东<\/span>向<\/span>A<\/span>提<\/span>出<\/span>这<\/span>个<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>后<\/span>，<\/span><\/span><\/span>很<\/span>快<\/span>得<\/span>到<\/span>了<\/span>A<\/span>的<\/span>认<\/span>可<\/span><\/span><\/span>，<\/span>他<\/span>迅<\/span>速<\/span>办<\/span>理<\/span>了<\/span>在<\/span>原<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>离<\/span>职<\/span>手<\/span>续<\/span>，<\/span>开<\/span>始<\/span>了<\/span>职<\/span>业<\/span>生<\/span>涯<\/span>的<\/span>新<\/span>篇<\/span>章<\/span>，<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>也<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>了<\/span>新<\/span>的<\/span>铁<\/span>三<\/span>角<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section>0<\/span>3<\/span> <\/span>思<\/span>考<\/span>与<\/span>启<\/span>示<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section>  本<\/span>案<\/span>例<\/span>中<\/span>股<\/span>票<\/span>期<\/span>权<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>了<\/span>A<\/span>的<\/span>顾<\/span>虑<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>是<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>最<\/span>佳<\/span>选<\/span>择<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>按<\/span>照<\/span>初<\/span>始<\/span>的<\/span>限<\/span>制<\/span>性<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>办<\/span>理<\/span>了<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>变<\/span>更<\/span>，<\/span>如<\/span>果<\/span>A<\/span>未<\/span>能<\/span>达<\/span>成<\/span>业<\/span>绩<\/span>或<\/span>者<\/span>因<\/span>各<\/span>种<\/span>原<\/span>因<\/span>提<\/span>前<\/span>离<\/span>职<\/span>，<\/span>两<\/span>位<\/span>合<\/span>伙<\/span>人<\/span>已<\/span>出<\/span>让<\/span>的<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>需<\/span>再<\/span>次<\/span>转<\/span>让<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>仅<\/span>程<\/span>序<\/span>繁<\/span>琐<\/span>，<\/span>涉<\/span>及<\/span>各<\/span>种<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>税<\/span>费<\/span>等<\/span>，<\/span>也<\/span>有<\/span>可<\/span>能<\/span>发<\/span>生<\/span>变<\/span>数<\/span>，<\/span>万<\/span>一<\/span>A<\/span>不<\/span>转<\/span>让<\/span>呢<\/span>？<\/span>这<\/span>将<\/span>是<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>巨<\/span>大<\/span>的<\/span>麻<\/span>烦<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/>  A<\/span>会<\/span>不<\/span>会<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>暂<\/span>时<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>掏<\/span>钱<\/span>购<\/span>买<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>而<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>压<\/span>力<\/span>，<\/span>不<\/span>全<\/span>力<\/span>以<\/span>赴<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>呢<\/span>？<\/span>这<\/span>种<\/span>可<\/span>能<\/span>性<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>小<\/span>，<\/span>因<\/span>为<\/span>A<\/span>下<\/span>决<\/span>心<\/span>放<\/span>弃<\/span>高<\/span>薪<\/span>来<\/span>到<\/span>创<\/span>业<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>，<\/span>其<\/span>实<\/span>已<\/span>经<\/span>自<\/span>断<\/span>了<\/span>后<\/span>路<\/span>，<\/span>所<\/span>以<\/span>主<\/span>观<\/span>能<\/span>动<\/span>性<\/span>的<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>不<\/span>用<\/span>担<\/span>心<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(187, 19, 62); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  重<\/span>点<\/span>是<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>帮<\/span>助<\/span>A<\/span>快<\/span>速<\/span>了<\/span>解<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>和<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>环<\/span>境<\/span>，<\/span>适<\/span>应<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>风<\/span>格<\/span>，<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>好<\/span>责<\/span>权<\/span>利<\/span>关<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>然<\/span>后<\/span>在<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>中<\/span>赛<\/span>马<\/span>就<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>了<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(187, 19, 62); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  创<\/span>业<\/span>者<\/span>永<\/span>远<\/span>都<\/span>要<\/span>面<\/span>对<\/span>无<\/span>常<\/span>的<\/span>世<\/span>事<\/span>和<\/span>难<\/span>测<\/span>的<\/span>人<\/span>心<\/span>去<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>的<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>，<\/span>世<\/span>事<\/span>无<\/span>常<\/span>无<\/span>法<\/span>改<\/span>变<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>日<\/span>久<\/span>相<\/span>处<\/span>之<\/span>后<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>把<\/span>人<\/span>心<\/span>的<\/span>善<\/span>恶<\/span>冷<\/span>暖<\/span>看<\/span>得<\/span>更<\/span>清<\/span>楚<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(187, 19, 62); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(187, 19, 62); font-family: PingFangSC-Regular; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">  股<\/span>票<\/span>期<\/span>权<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>理<\/span>解<\/span>为<\/span>“<\/span>限<\/span>制<\/span>性<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>”<\/span>与<\/span>“<\/span>延<\/span>期<\/span>行<\/span>权<\/span>”<\/span>这<\/span>一<\/span>条<\/span>件<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>合<\/span>，<\/span>这<\/span>样<\/span>恰<\/span>好<\/span>给<\/span>了<\/span>股<\/span>权<\/span>交<\/span>易<\/span>双<\/span>方<\/span>一<\/span>段<\/span>观<\/span>测<\/span>世<\/span>事<\/span>、<\/span>察<\/span>看<\/span>人<\/span>心<\/span>的<\/span>机<\/span>会<\/span>，<\/span>降<\/span>低<\/span>不<\/span>确<\/span>定<\/span>性<\/span>带<\/span>来<\/span>的<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>风<\/span>险<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><\/section>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"60\"]"},{"id":15,"title":"目标细化是深化国企三项制度改革的关键","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651029300,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651029532,"update_time":1651029532,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><section><section><section><section><section><section>前<\/span>情<\/span>提<\/span>要<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section>深<\/span>化<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>是<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>三<\/span>年<\/span>行<\/span>动<\/span>的<\/span>关<\/span>键<\/span>环<\/span>节<\/span>。<\/span>近<\/span>日<\/span>，<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>省<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>委<\/span>党<\/span>委<\/span>书<\/span>记<\/span>、<\/span>主<\/span>任<\/span>张<\/span>斌<\/span>主<\/span>持<\/span>召<\/span>开<\/span>主<\/span>任<\/span>办<\/span>公<\/span>会<\/span>议<\/span>，<\/span>研<\/span>究<\/span>进<\/span>一<\/span>步<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>省<\/span>属<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>等<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span>求<\/span>进<\/span>一<\/span>步<\/span>细<\/span>化<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>任<\/span>务<\/span>，<\/span>健<\/span>全<\/span>常<\/span>态<\/span>化<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>加<\/span>大<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>力<\/span>度<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/section>专<\/span>业<\/span>化<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>机<\/span>构<\/span>是<\/span>助<\/span>力<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>的<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>力<\/span>量<\/span>，<\/span>围<\/span>绕<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>，<\/span>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>分<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>总<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>张<\/span>成<\/span>钢<\/span>接<\/span>受<\/span>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span>专<\/span>访<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section><section>Q<\/span>&<\/span>A<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span>：<\/span>当<\/span>前<\/span>，<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>，<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>面<\/span>临<\/span>哪<\/span>些<\/span>课<\/span>题<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><\/section><section><section> <\/span>张<\/span>成<\/span>钢<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>国<\/span>企<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>三<\/span>年<\/span>行<\/span>动<\/span>是<\/span>未<\/span>来<\/span>三<\/span>年<\/span>落<\/span>实<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>“<\/span>1<\/span>+<\/span>N<\/span>”<\/span>政<\/span>策<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>和<\/span>顶<\/span>层<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>的<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>施<\/span>工<\/span>图<\/span>。<\/span>做<\/span>好<\/span>这<\/span>项<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>做<\/span>强<\/span>做<\/span>优<\/span>做<\/span>大<\/span>国<\/span>有<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>，<\/span>增<\/span>强<\/span>国<\/span>有<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>活<\/span>力<\/span>、<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>，<\/span>加<\/span>快<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>新<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>格<\/span>局<\/span>，<\/span>都<\/span>具<\/span>有<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>意<\/span>义<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section>当<\/span>前<\/span>，<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>主<\/span>要<\/span>面<\/span>临<\/span>两<\/span>大<\/span>课<\/span>题<\/span>：<\/span><\/span>一<\/span>是<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>的<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>流<\/span>动<\/span>，<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>选<\/span>人<\/span>用<\/span>人<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>改<\/span>善<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>素<\/span>质<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>二<\/span>是<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>与<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>相<\/span>匹<\/span>配<\/span>、<\/span>业<\/span>务<\/span>相<\/span>融<\/span>合<\/span>的<\/span>差<\/span>异<\/span>化<\/span>、<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>分<\/span>配<\/span>的<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>水<\/span>平<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KDhTQex5DSReRMAYLb2skTtW2g7YlmFcTQzLibkeLKce46w26HDtKIQ1GoRt4p5ynM7OialGCzqjN9w\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><section><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section><section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section>和<\/span>君<\/span>恒<\/span>成<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>分<\/span>公<\/span>司<\/span>总<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>张<\/span>成<\/span>钢<\/span>授<\/span>课<\/span>现<\/span>场<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section><section>Q<\/span>&<\/span>A<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span>：<\/span>目<\/span>前<\/span>，<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>在<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>中<\/span>存<\/span>在<\/span>哪<\/span>些<\/span>共<\/span>性<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>或<\/span>不<\/span>足<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>张<\/span>成<\/span>钢<\/span><\/span><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/section><section><section>目<\/span>前<\/span>，<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>已<\/span>经<\/span>取<\/span>得<\/span>一<\/span>定<\/span>成<\/span>果<\/span>，<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>水<\/span>平<\/span>有<\/span>了<\/span>较<\/span>大<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>，<\/span>但<\/span>仍<\/span>有<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>突<\/span>出<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>亟<\/span>待<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>主<\/span>要<\/span>体<\/span>现<\/span>在<\/span>四<\/span>个<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/span>一<\/span>是<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>“<\/span>十<\/span>四<\/span>五<\/span>”<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>太<\/span>笼<\/span>统<\/span><\/span><\/span>，<\/span>对<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>性<\/span>思<\/span>考<\/span>，<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>分<\/span>解<\/span>，<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>性<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>不<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/span>二<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>需<\/span>要<\/span>进<\/span>一<\/span>步<\/span>健<\/span>全<\/span><\/span><\/span>，<\/span>部<\/span>分<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>法<\/span>人<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>不<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>，<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>会<\/span>运<\/span>作<\/span>不<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>，<\/span>外<\/span>部<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>作<\/span>用<\/span>发<\/span>挥<\/span>不<\/span>到<\/span>位<\/span>，<\/span>“<\/span>三<\/span>会<\/span>一<\/span>层<\/span>”<\/span>议<\/span>事<\/span>规<\/span>则<\/span>和<\/span>“<\/span>三<\/span>重<\/span>一<\/span>大<\/span>”<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>不<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>，<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>层<\/span>与<\/span>经<\/span>营<\/span>层<\/span>权<\/span>责<\/span>不<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/span>三<\/span>是<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>不<\/span>到<\/span>位<\/span><\/span><\/span>，<\/span>职<\/span>责<\/span>不<\/span>清<\/span>晰<\/span>，<\/span>人<\/span>岗<\/span>匹<\/span>配<\/span>度<\/span>不<\/span>高<\/span>；<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/span>四<\/span>是<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>评<\/span>价<\/span>未<\/span>落<\/span>实<\/span>到<\/span>位<\/span><\/span><\/span>，<\/span>显<\/span>著<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>依<\/span>然<\/span>存<\/span>在<\/span>，<\/span>“<\/span>吃<\/span>大<\/span>锅<\/span>饭<\/span>”<\/span>“<\/span>平<\/span>均<\/span>主<\/span>义<\/span>”<\/span>等<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>没<\/span>有<\/span>根<\/span>除<\/span>，<\/span>领<\/span>导<\/span>者<\/span>大<\/span>多<\/span>求<\/span>稳<\/span>，<\/span>缺<\/span>乏<\/span>“<\/span>创<\/span>造<\/span>性<\/span>破<\/span>坏<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>精<\/span>神<\/span>，<\/span>尚<\/span>未<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>健<\/span>全<\/span>以<\/span>能<\/span>力<\/span>和<\/span>绩<\/span>效<\/span>为<\/span>导<\/span>向<\/span>的<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>选<\/span>拔<\/span>任<\/span>用<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>导<\/span>致<\/span>难<\/span>以<\/span>推<\/span>行<\/span>职<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>人<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>难<\/span>以<\/span>破<\/span>除<\/span>论<\/span>资<\/span>排<\/span>辈<\/span>观<\/span>念<\/span>，<\/span>难<\/span>以<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>行<\/span>政<\/span>级<\/span>别<\/span>意<\/span>识<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>未<\/span>真<\/span>正<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>面<\/span>向<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>拓<\/span>展<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>来<\/span>源<\/span>渠<\/span>道<\/span>，<\/span>干<\/span>部<\/span>能<\/span>上<\/span>能<\/span>下<\/span>的<\/span>动<\/span>态<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>未<\/span>能<\/span>落<\/span>地<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section><section>Q<\/span>&<\/span>A<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span>：<\/span>以<\/span>上<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>应<\/span>从<\/span>哪<\/span>些<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>重<\/span>点<\/span>突<\/span>破<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><\/section><section><section> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>张<\/span>成<\/span>钢<\/span><\/span><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>首<\/span>先<\/span>要<\/span>细<\/span>化<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>，<\/span>其<\/span>次<\/span>应<\/span>切<\/span>实<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>法<\/span>人<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>深<\/span>化<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>，<\/span>必<\/span>须<\/span>以<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>的<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>为<\/span>牵<\/span>引<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>要<\/span>融<\/span>入<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>的<\/span>大<\/span>局<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span>为<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>服<\/span>务<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>要<\/span>在<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>“<\/span>十<\/span>四<\/span>五<\/span>”<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>的<\/span>基<\/span>础<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>分<\/span>解<\/span>细<\/span>化<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>阶<\/span>段<\/span>性<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>，<\/span>层<\/span>层<\/span>分<\/span>解<\/span>到<\/span>部<\/span>门<\/span>、<\/span>岗<\/span>位<\/span>，<\/span>到<\/span>年<\/span>度<\/span>、<\/span>季<\/span>度<\/span>和<\/span>月<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>到<\/span>责<\/span>任<\/span>人<\/span>，<\/span>到<\/span>权<\/span>属<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>，<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>分<\/span>解<\/span>得<\/span>越<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>、<\/span>越<\/span>具<\/span>体<\/span>，<\/span>越<\/span>易<\/span>于<\/span>针<\/span>对<\/span>性<\/span>地<\/span>匹<\/span>配<\/span>相<\/span>应<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>和<\/span>形<\/span>成<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>的<\/span>量<\/span>化<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>指<\/span>标<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>同<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span><\/span><\/span>根<\/span>据<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>，<\/span>梳<\/span>理<\/span>职<\/span>责<\/span>、<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>、<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>职<\/span>位<\/span>职<\/span>级<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>确<\/span>定<\/span>所<\/span>需<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>类<\/span>型<\/span>、<\/span>数<\/span>量<\/span>，<\/span>明<\/span>确<\/span>招<\/span>募<\/span>、<\/span>培<\/span>养<\/span>途<\/span>径<\/span>和<\/span>薪<\/span>酬<\/span>策<\/span>略<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section>从<\/span>实<\/span>践<\/span>看<\/span>，<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>不<\/span>健<\/span>全<\/span>是<\/span>导<\/span>致<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>不<\/span>到<\/span>位<\/span>的<\/span>一<\/span>个<\/span>直<\/span>接<\/span>原<\/span>因<\/span>。<\/span>因<\/span>此<\/span>，<\/span><\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>法<\/span>人<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>是<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>的<\/span>保<\/span>障<\/span><\/span><\/span>。<\/span>包<\/span>括<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>会<\/span>运<\/span>作<\/span>规<\/span>范<\/span>、<\/span>党<\/span>委<\/span>会<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>会<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>层<\/span>权<\/span>责<\/span>清<\/span>单<\/span>、<\/span>“<\/span>三<\/span>会<\/span>一<\/span>层<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>议<\/span>事<\/span>规<\/span>则<\/span>、<\/span>“<\/span>三<\/span>重<\/span>一<\/span>大<\/span>”<\/span>的<\/span>决<\/span>策<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>实<\/span>施<\/span>办<\/span>法<\/span>、<\/span>派<\/span>出<\/span>董<\/span>事<\/span>监<\/span>事<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>办<\/span>法<\/span>等<\/span>，<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>职<\/span>业<\/span>经<\/span>理<\/span>人<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>选<\/span>聘<\/span>、<\/span>契<\/span>约<\/span>化<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>差<\/span>异<\/span>化<\/span>薪<\/span>酬<\/span>和<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>退<\/span>出<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>运<\/span>行<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>和<\/span>现<\/span>代<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>升<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>水<\/span>平<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section><section>Q<\/span>&<\/span>A<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span>：<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>的<\/span>要<\/span>点<\/span>有<\/span>哪<\/span>些<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><\/section><section><section> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>张<\/span>成<\/span>钢<\/span><\/span><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>的<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>是<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>人<\/span>事<\/span>、<\/span>劳<\/span>动<\/span>、<\/span>分<\/span>配<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>“<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>选<\/span>人<\/span>用<\/span>人<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>干<\/span>部<\/span>能<\/span>上<\/span>能<\/span>下<\/span>”<\/span>“<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>用<\/span>工<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>能<\/span>进<\/span>能<\/span>出<\/span>”<\/span>“<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>薪<\/span>酬<\/span>分<\/span>配<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>实<\/span>现<\/span>薪<\/span>酬<\/span>能<\/span>增<\/span>能<\/span>减<\/span>”<\/span>。<\/span><\/span>从<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>导<\/span>向<\/span>的<\/span>思<\/span>维<\/span>出<\/span>发<\/span>，<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>要<\/span>抓<\/span>住<\/span>“<\/span>三<\/span>能<\/span>”<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>要<\/span>点<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section>其<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span>人<\/span>事<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>重<\/span>在<\/span>“<\/span>能<\/span>下<\/span>”<\/span>上<\/span>做<\/span>文<\/span>章<\/span>，<\/span><\/span>破<\/span>除<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>终<\/span>身<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>推<\/span>行<\/span>任<\/span>期<\/span>制<\/span>、<\/span>契<\/span>约<\/span>化<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>业<\/span>绩<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>为<\/span>抓<\/span>手<\/span>，<\/span>从<\/span>根<\/span>本<\/span>上<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>固<\/span>化<\/span>、<\/span>老<\/span>化<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>，<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>干<\/span>部<\/span>队<\/span>伍<\/span>的<\/span>新<\/span>陈<\/span>代<\/span>谢<\/span>与<\/span>有<\/span>序<\/span>交<\/span>替<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section>针<\/span>对<\/span>劳<\/span>动<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span>重<\/span>点<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>“<\/span>能<\/span>出<\/span>”<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>的<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>流<\/span>动<\/span>，<\/span>破<\/span>除<\/span>“<\/span>铁<\/span>饭<\/span>碗<\/span>”<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>推<\/span>动<\/span>劳<\/span>动<\/span>合<\/span>同<\/span>制<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>的<\/span>真<\/span>正<\/span>落<\/span>实<\/span>，<\/span>并<\/span>拓<\/span>宽<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>的<\/span>退<\/span>出<\/span>渠<\/span>道<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>方<\/span>式<\/span>依<\/span>法<\/span>合<\/span>规<\/span>处<\/span>理<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>离<\/span>职<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>，<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>主<\/span>动<\/span>的<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>淘<\/span>汰<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span>。<\/span>在<\/span>“<\/span>进<\/span>口<\/span>”<\/span>上<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>社<\/span>招<\/span>、<\/span>校<\/span>招<\/span>、<\/span>猎<\/span>头<\/span>等<\/span>多<\/span>渠<\/span>道<\/span>构<\/span>成<\/span>的<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>招<\/span>募<\/span>渠<\/span>道<\/span>，<\/span>优<\/span>化<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>队<\/span>伍<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>，<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>素<\/span>质<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section>分<\/span>配<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>，<\/span>首<\/span>先<\/span>要<\/span><\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>“<\/span>易<\/span><\/span><\/span>岗<\/span>易<\/span>薪<\/span>”<\/span>制<\/span>，<\/span>即<\/span>岗<\/span>位<\/span>工<\/span>资<\/span>随<\/span>职<\/span>工<\/span>岗<\/span>位<\/span>的<\/span>变<\/span>动<\/span>而<\/span>调<\/span>整<\/span>,<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>现<\/span>在<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>岗<\/span>位<\/span>就<\/span>拿<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>岗<\/span>位<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>资<\/span><\/span><\/span>。<\/span>其<\/span>中<\/span>，<\/span>薪<\/span>点<\/span>工<\/span>资<\/span>制<\/span>是<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>条<\/span>件<\/span>下<\/span>在<\/span>国<\/span>内<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>中<\/span>新<\/span>产<\/span>生<\/span>的<\/span>一<\/span>种<\/span>薪<\/span>酬<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>劳<\/span>动<\/span>岗<\/span>位<\/span>为<\/span>对<\/span>象<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>点<\/span>数<\/span>为<\/span>标<\/span>准<\/span>，<\/span>按<\/span>照<\/span>职<\/span>工<\/span>个<\/span>人<\/span>的<\/span>实<\/span>际<\/span>贡<\/span>献<\/span>定<\/span>系<\/span>数<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>单<\/span>位<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>效<\/span>益<\/span>获<\/span>取<\/span>的<\/span>工<\/span>资<\/span>定<\/span>点<\/span>值<\/span>确<\/span>定<\/span>劳<\/span>动<\/span>报<\/span>酬<\/span>，<\/span>为<\/span>现<\/span>代<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>工<\/span>资<\/span>收<\/span>入<\/span>分<\/span>配<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>提<\/span>供<\/span>了<\/span>一<\/span>种<\/span>可<\/span>借<\/span>鉴<\/span>的<\/span>模<\/span>式<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>其<\/span>次<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span><\/span>建<\/span>立<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>的<\/span>分<\/span>配<\/span>机<\/span>制<\/span><\/span><\/span>，<\/span>按<\/span>照<\/span>“<\/span>业<\/span>绩<\/span>与<\/span>收<\/span>入<\/span>”<\/span>双<\/span>对<\/span>标<\/span>的<\/span>市<\/span>场<\/span>化<\/span>原<\/span>则<\/span>，<\/span>将<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>经<\/span>济<\/span>效<\/span>益<\/span>与<\/span>薪<\/span>酬<\/span>策<\/span>略<\/span>、<\/span>薪<\/span>酬<\/span>水<\/span>平<\/span>紧<\/span>密<\/span>挂<\/span>钩<\/span>，<\/span>解<\/span>决<\/span>收<\/span>入<\/span>分<\/span>配<\/span>的<\/span>外<\/span>部<\/span>公<\/span>平<\/span>问<\/span>题<\/span>。<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>要<\/span>构<\/span>建<\/span>全<\/span>员<\/span>绩<\/span>效<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>，<\/span>严<\/span>格<\/span>、<\/span>科<\/span>学<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>，<\/span>真<\/span>正<\/span>落<\/span>实<\/span>收<\/span>入<\/span>“<\/span>能<\/span>增<\/span>能<\/span>减<\/span>”<\/span>，<\/span>增<\/span>强<\/span>收<\/span>入<\/span>分<\/span>配<\/span>的<\/span>内<\/span>部<\/span>公<\/span>平<\/span>性<\/span>。<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section><section>Q<\/span>&<\/span>A<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section>《<\/span>山<\/span>东<\/span>国<\/span>资<\/span>》<\/span>：<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>，<\/span>为<\/span>什<\/span>么<\/span>要<\/span>借<\/span>助<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>机<\/span>构<\/span>协<\/span>助<\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>？<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><\/section><section><section> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>张<\/span>成<\/span>钢<\/span><\/span><\/span>：<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>总<\/span>体<\/span>来<\/span>说<\/span>，<\/span>还<\/span>是<\/span>一<\/span>种<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>事<\/span>交<\/span>给<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>人<\/span>干<\/span>的<\/span>思<\/span>维<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>是<\/span>一<\/span>项<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>性<\/span>工<\/span>程<\/span>，<\/span>涉<\/span>及<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>与<\/span>目<\/span>标<\/span>分<\/span>解<\/span>、<\/span>法<\/span>人<\/span>结<\/span>构<\/span>治<\/span>理<\/span>、<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>优<\/span>化<\/span>与<\/span>管<\/span>控<\/span>、<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>建<\/span>设<\/span>、<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>队<\/span>伍<\/span>培<\/span>养<\/span>、<\/span>薪<\/span>酬<\/span>与<\/span>绩<\/span>效<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>、<\/span>职<\/span>业<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>通<\/span>道<\/span>、<\/span>干<\/span>部<\/span>竞<\/span>聘<\/span>上<\/span>岗<\/span>、<\/span>中<\/span>长<\/span>期<\/span>激<\/span>励<\/span>、<\/span>混<\/span>改<\/span>与<\/span>员<\/span>工<\/span>持<\/span>股<\/span>等<\/span>诸<\/span>多<\/span>模<\/span>块<\/span>的<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>化<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section>这<\/span>些<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>并<\/span>非<\/span>彼<\/span>此<\/span>孤<\/span>立<\/span>，<\/span>而<\/span>是<\/span>相<\/span>互<\/span>联<\/span>系<\/span>、<\/span>相<\/span>互<\/span>影<\/span>响<\/span>，<\/span>涉<\/span>及<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>各<\/span>级<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>岗<\/span>位<\/span>设<\/span>定<\/span>、<\/span>定<\/span>岗<\/span>定<\/span>编<\/span>、<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>选<\/span>择<\/span>、<\/span>组<\/span>织<\/span>重<\/span>构<\/span>、<\/span>岗<\/span>位<\/span>考<\/span>核<\/span>和<\/span>淘<\/span>汰<\/span>、<\/span>薪<\/span>酬<\/span>和<\/span>工<\/span>资<\/span>福<\/span>利<\/span>等<\/span>方<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>面<\/span>，<\/span>必<\/span>须<\/span>树<\/span>立<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>思<\/span>维<\/span>，<\/span>通<\/span>盘<\/span>考<\/span>虑<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>的<\/span>各<\/span>个<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>目<\/span>前<\/span>，<\/span>一<\/span>些<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>在<\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>时<\/span>还<\/span>缺<\/span>乏<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>，<\/span><\/span>通<\/span>过<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>机<\/span>构<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>系<\/span>统<\/span>协<\/span>调<\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>，<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>还<\/span>能<\/span>加<\/span>强<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>工<\/span>作<\/span>人<\/span>员<\/span>的<\/span>培<\/span>训<\/span>，<\/span>从<\/span>而<\/span>整<\/span>体<\/span>提<\/span>高<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>的<\/span>推<\/span>进<\/span>效<\/span>率<\/span>和<\/span>效<\/span>果<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section> <\/span><\/section><\/section><section><section>此<\/span>外<\/span>，<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>机<\/span>构<\/span>掌<\/span>握<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>管<\/span>理<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>的<\/span>丰<\/span>富<\/span>案<\/span>例<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>大<\/span>量<\/span>的<\/span>同<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>同<\/span>类<\/span>型<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>标<\/span>杆<\/span>作<\/span>为<\/span>参<\/span>考<\/span>，<\/span>在<\/span>战<\/span>略<\/span>规<\/span>划<\/span>、<\/span>顶<\/span>层<\/span>架<\/span>构<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>、<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>体<\/span>系<\/span>完<\/span>善<\/span>、<\/span>人<\/span>才<\/span>培<\/span>养<\/span>等<\/span>方<\/span>面<\/span>经<\/span>验<\/span>丰<\/span>富<\/span>，<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>有<\/span>效<\/span>降<\/span>低<\/span>试<\/span>错<\/span>成<\/span>本<\/span>。<\/span>同<\/span>时<\/span>，<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>机<\/span>构<\/span>有<\/span>多<\/span>年<\/span>积<\/span>累<\/span>的<\/span>遍<\/span>布<\/span>各<\/span>个<\/span>行<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>大<\/span>量<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>客<\/span>户<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>，<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>在<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>发<\/span>展<\/span>过<\/span>程<\/span>中<\/span>力<\/span>所<\/span>能<\/span>及<\/span>地<\/span>进<\/span>行<\/span>资<\/span>源<\/span>共<\/span>享<\/span>和<\/span>链<\/span>接<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section>还<\/span>有<\/span>一<\/span>点<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>重<\/span>要<\/span>，<\/span>作<\/span>为<\/span>独<\/span>立<\/span>的<\/span>第<\/span>三<\/span>方<\/span>，<\/span>专<\/span>业<\/span>咨<\/span>询<\/span>机<\/span>构<\/span>以<\/span>是<\/span>否<\/span>符<\/span>合<\/span>企<\/span>业<\/span>的<\/span>法<\/span>人<\/span>意<\/span>志<\/span>和<\/span>长<\/span>远<\/span>利<\/span>益<\/span>作<\/span>为<\/span>出<\/span>发<\/span>点<\/span>，<\/span>以<\/span>客<\/span>观<\/span>公<\/span>正<\/span>的<\/span>姿<\/span>态<\/span>独<\/span>立<\/span>设<\/span>计<\/span>方<\/span>案<\/span>，<\/span>可<\/span>以<\/span>比<\/span>较<\/span>好<\/span>地<\/span>屏<\/span>蔽<\/span>客<\/span>户<\/span>相<\/span>关<\/span>利<\/span>益<\/span>者<\/span>的<\/span>影<\/span>响<\/span>，<\/span>高<\/span>效<\/span>落<\/span>地<\/span>国<\/span>企<\/span>三<\/span>项<\/span>制<\/span>度<\/span>改<\/span>革<\/span>的<\/span>深<\/span>化<\/span>措<\/span>施<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><section><section><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KDhTQex5DSReRMAYLb2skTtzy30dw8WWuq2ZxMcbUC6xTAgZWNiafNhlCVAYPibKQvxgWPRjlSroUXQ\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/section><\/section><section><section><img src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KDhTQex5DSReRMAYLb2skTthEJm9HW4bzSbXvERXx3Z2ZHsto9OnOicGyAibQKJxFJtSOODumcicUINQ\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg\"\/><\/section><\/section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><\/section>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":1,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"56\"]"},{"id":11,"title":"2022年经济新风向","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1651024860,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1651025030,"update_time":1651025030,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: right; white-space: normal; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">作者：贾峻<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: right; white-space: normal; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">和君恒成合伙人<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: right; white-space: normal; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">和君恒成县域经济研究院院长<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: right; white-space: normal; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KCSlch194yEKVqo3TYxtoF7W8dE3cSy0vfNN2thkqO43sYucBPG7ibX3CxP1XMIwCpfg6cZto4yWLA\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><p style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible;\">  一年一度的中央经济工作会议，无疑是中国新一年经济政策的风向标，为来年我国经济发展和宏观政策指明了方向。今年的经济工作会议公报的内容对比以往，在政策内涵、施策手段等方面都有比较大的变化，这对企业发展在新的一年意味着什么，值得我们关注。<\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible;\"><br\/><\/p><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">一、2022年经济工作的主题<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">2022年整年经济工作的主题，一个字“稳”。<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">2021年是稳中求进，那么今年专门提出稳字当头加以说明，“稳字当头”和“稳中求进”反映了中央对局势稳定有较为迫切的要求。<\/span><\/p><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify;\"><\/span><\/p>1、 稳字当头<\/strong><\/span><\/p>内部环境面临“需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱”压力<\/span>。<\/span><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify;\">中美欧关系、疫情影响、台海问题等<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(158, 13, 15);\">外部环境复杂严峻，不确定性增强。<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(158, 13, 15);\"><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify;\">近2年内需增长近乎停滞、企业困难、商业萧条、生育率下降。作为管理咨询师我们走过很多个城市，和我们的同事、商业伙伴和服务的企业在各地沟通下来，都反映今年生意很难。有的企业家甚至说，今年可能是过往几年中最困难的一年，也是未来最好的一年。这种说法很悲观，但也的确反映了我们面临的巨大的压力。<\/span><\/p><\/section><section><section><\/span><\/section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.8; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.8; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">再次提出<\/span>以<\/span>经济建设为中心<\/span>，<\/span><\/span>意味着政治上不折腾。从十八大到今年，换届基本完成，新届干部对未来更充满信心，更会坚定地执行中央政策。同时今年是继1945年八年抗战的胜利后的《关于若干历史问题的决议》、1981年改革开放之际的《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》，再一次提出的重大决议——《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议（讨论稿）》。在这样的一个重大决议提出的时候，往往都意味着对过往进行一个总结和对一个新的发展阶段的展望，可见中央的决心。<\/span><\/p><section><br\/><\/section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">“稳定宏观经济大盘”“保持社会大局稳定”<\/span>：年初时我国GDP的增长达到两位数，但今年三季度已经掉到4.9％，四季度估计还会下滑，一些研究院所分析可能会到3%左右。考公的人数和考研的人数创历史新高，对互联网和新兴网红行业的整顿确实一定程度影响了就业。毕业人数的增加和企业吸纳就业人口能力的下滑，双重压力下，形势确实比较严峻。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KC13V2Xm4rxN0iakJr7YYDzSrkkSdalVFS1Y4ialWyia0RkDu6aiacDS7cibxPGFfoROnVI0GgKsW5URSQ\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">2、稳中求进<\/strong><\/p><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">稳中求进，关键是要进。中央列出了包括宏观政策和微<\/span>观的<\/span>十大政策<\/span>：财政、税收、货币、公平竞争政策、结构政策、房产政策、科技政策、改革开放政策、区域政策、社会政策。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">除此之外，关于<\/span>五个新的重大理论和实践问题<\/span>需要正确认识和把握<\/span><\/span>：<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">（1）要正确认识和把握实现共同富裕的战略目标和实践途径；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">（2）要正确认识和把握资本的特性和行为规律；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">（3）要正确认识和把握初级产品供给保障；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">（4）要正确认识和把握防范化解重大风险；<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">（5）要正确认识和把握碳达峰碳中和。<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>二、经济工作的十大政策方向<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section>按照稳中求进里面的十大政策，跟大家分享一下对明年经济工作的一些举措认知。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KC13V2Xm4rxN0iakJr7YYDzSwzMDmEa7ibsiakYKjRkVWibo02RTaT4Y8nnsZibF9V1SVl5onuCA77SeCA\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: left; color: rgb(158, 13, 15);\"><\/strong><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><br\/><\/section><section>1、积极的财政政策要提升效能<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>“要保证财政支出强度，加快支出进度”，“适度超前开展基础设施投资”<\/span>，表明2022年国内财政政策可能更加积极以便应对需求收缩压力。在当前的形势下投资的拉动还是不可缺少，估计时间会提前到上半年出台若干政策。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>到目前为止已经释放出来的专项债新增了1.46万亿。从一些不确定的消息能看到，中央可能会增加2.9万亿的投资，对比在2008年的时候的4万亿的投资，这次的力度确实不小。这次中央工作会议明确提出适度超前开展基础设施的投资，楼市、股市的压力会缓解。有一些学者提出股市可能会冲四千点，预估在一月份或者二月份会看到变化。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/strong><\/section><section>2、稳健的货币政策，要灵活适度<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section>货币政策可能降准、降息，稳健的同时保持流动性充裕，特别是面向新基建、新能源、数字经济和消费领域。<\/span>首先要拉动经济的结构的转型，其次要刺激消费。<\/span><\/p><br\/><\/strong><\/p>3、新的减税降费政策要强化支持力度<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>“新增可再生能源和原料用能不纳入能源消费总量控制”，对新能源企业利好。<\/span>在双碳战略下，很多地方前段时间拉闸限电，因为指标层层分解，县和市的能源指标、土地指标等都达不到要求。现在实际上是在原严格限制的基础上开了个口子，拟新增的可再生能源是不纳入到能源消费总量，鼓励用新能源，比如风电、水电、火电、生物质能源等可再生能源，鼓励用更环保的方式，用可再生的方式获得能源。<\/span><\/section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KC13V2Xm4rxN0iakJr7YYDzSOffS2JXNNvuGB7Miau6p513Tyds6TuRFhicX8YrZmiaznHAzF3Daq1aGQ\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/strong><\/section><section>4、公平竞争政策要深入推进实施<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>平台经济是互联网平台发展到高级阶段的新经济形势，特别是一些超级平台，也带来一些负面的影响。西方一些国家对于沃尔玛这样的大型超市入驻也是比较抵制的，因为一个大型超市入驻，小门店就会垮掉。由于超大平台，小的个体经营者难以坚持，这不利于整个国家整体的发展。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>故在2021的11月，隶属于国家市场监管总局的国家反垄断局正式挂牌，更有利于业务量大、专业性强的反垄断执法有效开展。基于此，<\/span>未来出现具有垄断发展趋势的大型平台企业可能性不大，有助于扭转中小微企业发展全面放缓的态势，也有助于提升制造业核心的竞争力。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>中小微企业有56789的说法---贡献了50%的税收、60%的GDP、70%的创新和90%的新增就业。中小微企业是行业金字塔的塔基，没有他们就没有塔尖。<\/span>如何增强供应链的韧性，促进中小微企业的融资、增量、扩面，这是下一步中央要考虑的。<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section><br\/><\/strong><\/section><section>5、结构政策要着力畅通国民经济循环<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>结构政策要打通生产、分配、流通、消费各环节，深化供给侧结构性改革，畅通国内大循环。在消费方面，加强中国新能源，包括光伏、风电、新能源汽车、最重要的是零部件、动力电池、住宿和餐饮业、租赁和商务服务业、批发和零售业，交通运输、仓储和邮政业、金融业、信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业要保持持续稳定增长。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>最近两个月，商务部牵头出台了很多扶持物流和冷链物流的政策，就是<\/span>要<\/span>畅通国内大循环<\/span>，打通内部生产、消费、分配等各个环节。我们在有的省做咨询项目的时候，省和地方政府出台了很多的政策，鼓励仓储物流企业投资和发展，这也属于结构政策调整，<\/span>仓储物企业有很大的发展机会。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>今年还有一个大举措：<\/span>央企总部搬迁拉动地方经济增长。<\/span>三峡集团回归到武汉，船舶集团正式迁入上海，稀土集团设在江西赣州，<\/span><\/span>通过央企总部搬迁和设立，拉动地方的经济结构调整，助力地方经济转型。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/strong><\/section><section>6、房产政策要坚持租购并举<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>房地产直接影响国民GDP约17%，不可能让整体的房地产最后进行硬着陆，这个着陆点是“新的发展模式”，包括不排除合理安排房地产银行贷款，支持居民购房刚需，保障市场供给等刚性和软性支持。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>很多三四线城市和周边城市的房价的下跌是经济发展的大趋势，因为各个省都在<\/span>实行<\/span>做强省会战略。<\/span>的确<\/span><\/span>，我国也在做城市群战略，但最终人口的聚集是向核心城市、向一线城市、向省会城市聚集。那么三四线、五线城市房价往下跌，回到它合理的价位，是必然的一种趋势。<\/span><\/section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KC13V2Xm4rxN0iakJr7YYDzS2q9MZkOBU6y0jkf72pPIH7T5M5L9uNXq3tHF9BBA9AmnianHxg5OZyw\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/section><section><\/strong><br\/><\/section><section>7、科技政策要扎实落地<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>今年的中央经济工作会议特别强调科技方面、强调国家的力量。“科技、产业、金融良性循环”是对核心科技新兴产业发展的重要表述。下阶段对科技产业发展的政策支撑力度加强，核心科技新兴产业将迎来政策红利期。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>国家科技支持发展有三条线：<\/span><\/section><section>第一条是国家实验室、全国重点实验室的试验点；<\/span><\/section><section>第二条线是各种技术中心的技术带头点；<\/span><\/section><section>第三条线是企业内部研发中心研究产业的突破点。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>这三条研发线在未来会强化。对科技型企业来说，争取政策和经费是很好的机会。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/strong><\/section><section>8、改革开放政策要激活发展动力<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>实<\/span>行<\/span>股票发行注册制<\/span>是<\/span><\/span>今年第一次在中央经济工作会议上提出。从畅<\/span>通国内大循环的角度来看，贯通<\/span>生产、分配、流通、消费<\/span>各环节，为构建新发展格局提供有力的制度支撑。从企业的视角看，这项政策<\/span>帮助企业从原来的债权融资转向直接的股权融资<\/span>，特别是对中小企业而言，提供了很大的便利。北交所专门由<\/span><\/span>最高领导人来宣布成立，国家在这方面的决心可见一斑。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>9、区域政策要增强发展的平衡性、协调性<\/strong><br\/><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>全面推进乡村振兴,重点是全面和平衡协调性。<\/span><\/span><\/strong>对内区域发展，就是提升新型城镇化建设质量，粤港澳大湾区、长三角一体化、成渝经济圈等城市群协同发展, 对外就是 RCEP协定等。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>中国14.1亿人口，东盟十国是6.5亿人口，再加上日、韩、新西兰、澳大利亚，超过23亿的人口，和北美经济圈和欧洲经济圈相比，量级不相上下。通过融入这样大的经济圈而且起到领导作用，为未来我们加入更高门槛的CPTPP（全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定），奠定了基础。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section>这些带来的商业和发展机会都值得关注：比如市场采购贸易方式带来的机会，中老铁路开通带来中国与东盟经济发展的新机会等。<\/span>我们面向东盟十国这样一个6.5亿的庞大市场，类似改革开放时期中美面向我们。我们当时处于微笑曲线的下端，而如今我们面向东盟，处于微笑曲线的两端，这会产生大量企业可以把握的新机会。<\/span><\/section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KC13V2Xm4rxN0iakJr7YYDzSHahvBLWmHCPZdEDWR6DQ2stDiaUkHtUBn7ojRbgfRy5DcRhLU4byWZw\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/section><section><br\/><\/strong><\/section><section>10、社会政策要兜住、兜牢民生底线<\/strong><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>中央强调疫情的防控，煤电油气运保障供应，日常粮油肉蛋奶果蔬等保供稳价<\/span>等，都是保障民生的经济工作底线。<\/span><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section>三、对2022年企业方向的思考<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KC13V2Xm4rxN0iakJr7YYDzSu2Z7TfLGKz0tvUicjvHCuukYIuoBenPadwZ0OXkdcrLIFoCZh1loibgw\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section>1.  根据“适度超前开展基础设施投资”方向，<\/span>抓基建项目机会，特别是基建设施项目机会；<\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>2.  根据“重在突破供给约束堵点，重在打通生产、分配、流通、消费各环节”方向，<\/span>抓商贸物流业发展机会，特别是未来拉动内需所需要做的基础的工作；<\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>3.  根据“新增可再生能源和原料用能不纳入能源消费总量控制”，<\/span>抓生物质燃料和清洁能源产业发展机会；<\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>4.  <\/span>抓国际贸易机会融入国际大循环<\/span>，尤其是RCEP、未来的CPTPP、市场采购贸易方式、保税物流中心等机会，加快融入一带一路，特别是南边一路的国际大循环里，也是很好的出路；<\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>5. <\/span> 抓央企总部搬迁的配套机会<\/span>。中国电子到深圳，一定拉动当地例如芯片这样的的电子创新产业。万亿级别央企总部会带动研发、就业、产业机构调整完善。地方企业围绕大型央企，做相应的产业链的一些布局和配套，也都是企业发展的机会；<\/span><\/p><br\/><\/span><\/p>6.  根据在“教育、医疗、养老、住房等人民群众最关心的领域精准提供基本公共服务”方<\/span>向，<\/span>抓细分领域模式创新机会。<\/span>改革深入的过程中，我们可以在传统产业中通过模式创新发现新的红利。<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":1,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"54\"]"},{"id":9,"title":"企业制度体系的构建与升级——实例分析篇","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1650966120,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1650966241,"update_time":1650966241,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px; visibility: visible;\">本文为《企业制度体系的构建与升级》系列文章之实例分析篇，重点展示一家企业制度体系的重新构建与升级之路，并简述项目案例完成后的各项成果。前文具体描述了该实例的项目背景（01 背景描述篇），可在本公众号的历史文章中查看。<\/span><\/section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Calibri; text-indent: 37px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">02<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">企业制度体系的重构与升级<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 37px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">一、 构建企业制度体系之前一定要先了解企业战略意图，在深入了解企业战略意图的基础上，才能清晰企业制度构建的“主心骨”：企业管理者的管理理念和思想。<\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/section><section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/section><section>在笔者对Ｈ企业制度体系进行重构之前，笔者对Ｈ企业的战略定位进行了重点分析。随着地方政府对Ｈ企业的重新定位，Ｈ企业的工作重心逐渐转移，其今后几年的发展战略也发生改变，来自市场上的压力将逐渐增加，因此，随着公司战略规划的改变，企业领导层的管理理念与管控思想日益清晰：如何使企业在快速发展的过程中提高经营效率，同时防控风险隐患。<\/span><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 37px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">二、构建企业制度体系一定是从上而下开始，即首先要从公司治理层等上位制度开始梳理，这是整个制度体系的总指导方针。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><section>在初步探知企业高层领导的管理习惯与管理理念后，笔者首先从公司治理层的制度开始梳理，在地方国资委相关政策与文件精神的框架范围内，对《公司章程》、《董事会议事规则》、《党委会议事规则》、《监事会议事规则》进行了调整与完善，同时增加了《总经理办公会议事规则》，通过这几个制度的修改与补充，把国资委、董事会和总经理办公会三者之间功能以及责、权、利关系梳理得更加清晰，使得Ｈ企业的各项决策符合相应法律法规的规定程序，同时符合企业的发展目标。笔者在修订企业这几个上位制度时，尤其是对《<\/span>“三重一大”事项管理制度》进行了重大修改，使《<\/span>“三重一大<\/span>”<\/span>事项管理制度》从一个纲领性制度修改成一个更具实操指导性的制度。在这项制度中，笔者结合企业管理实际，将Ｈ企业现阶段主要经营决策事项一一穷尽，并在《公司章程》的规章下明确了董事会、党委会、总经理办公会在这些经营决策事项中的决策界限，使得今后公司召开各项决策会议时有章可循，减少公司领导召开相关会议的频次，促进了企业领导层的决策效率。<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>笔者通过对Ｈ企业这几个核心治理层制度进行重点梳理，不仅为Ｈ企业理顺了公司治理结构，落实了治理层相关责权关系，清晰了各重大经营决策程序，还为整个制度体系的构建在顶层上确定了一个清晰的指导方针。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">三、集团化公司的制度体系建设不仅要融入母公司的集团管控思想，而且要体现集团管控的组织架构核心理念。这是整个制度体系“主心骨”的核心部分。<\/span><\/strong><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>治理层的几个核心制度为制度体系建设在总的方向上提供基础。而新增的《母子公司管理制度》弥补了原制度体系建设在对子公司管控思想上的空白。由于Ｈ企业业务相对丰富，对不同性质的业务，公司采取不同的管控模式。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>为了集中体现母公司的集团管控思想，笔者为Ｈ企业新增了一项《母子公司管理制度》。新增该项制度为制度体系中的其它制度在涉及子公司的具体管控事项时指明了方向，提供了依据。新的制度体系在新增的《母子公司管理制度》指导下，对各项制度涉及到子公司的管理事项一一进行了补充、完善、调整、修改，使企业集团管控思想融入到整个制度体系中。通过制度体系的重新构建，公司指导各子公司的经营活动有了制度依据，对子公司相关决策事项是否该上报总部进行审批、决议的问题也有了清晰的界定，这些规章制度的出现减少了集团总部领导层的开会频次，减轻了总部领导们的工作压力。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section>管控模式和组织结构决定了集团企业与下属子公司的职责界面和权限划分。在本次制度体系重构前，为适应公司集团化管理要求，Ｈ企业刚刚完成了对集团公司的组织架构调整，即总部保留战略决策、资本运作、风险管控、综合服务等职能，下沉具体业务经营职能。所以，本次制度体系构建，不仅要体现企业管控模式思想，还要将组织架构调整后的结果在制度体系中对应体现。因此，笔者将原各项制度中的组织与职责，以及相关业务、管理流程与调整后的组织架构、职责、流程进行一一对应，使新的制度体系与调整后的组织架构完全匹配。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">四、企业整个制度体系建设不仅要能体现企业的核心管理思想，单个制度建设也要遵循可操作性、可执行性的原则，只有这样整个制度体系才能真正发挥提升企业管理水平的作用。<\/span><\/strong><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>笔者通过对治理层核心制度的重点修订，以及各项制度在管控思想相关内容的扩充及深度延展上，为Ｈ企业解决了制度体系构建中的“主心骨”问题。但一项好的制度，不仅要能承接整个制度体系的核心思想，还要在实际工作中真正起到指导作用，具有实操性。因此，在本次制度体系构建中，笔者不仅为Ｈ企业制度体系植入“主心骨”，而且也保留了原企业制度的传统优点，要求每项制度都要具有可操作性、指导性。因此，各项制度后面，根据需要仍然设计了大量的附件和表单，使企业各项管理活动仍然在规范化运作中。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/section><section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">五、企业构建制度体系，可以根据企业管理习惯或审批权限在纵向将制度体系划分不同等级；根据管理维度或管理要素在横向将制度体系规划不同类别，这样便于企业管理、维护、升级制度体系。<\/span><\/strong><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>在新的制度体系构建阶段，笔者根据制度性质和制度审批权限，将本制度体系划分为三级：一级制度为公司治理制度、母子公司管理制度等（原则性、纲领性需要上升到董事会层面审批）各项上位制度；二级制度为在一级制度的框架和管理界面下，根据具体的管理要求编制的，具有指导性、操作性、规范性的管理办法；三级制度是对二级制度中某些特定的管理事项需要再进行细化而编制的实施细则、有关规定等制度。同时，笔者结合企业管理习惯，在原制度体系分类基础上，将现有制度体系分为<\/span>8大类，使新的制度体系在管理维度上更显专业化，管理要素上更显精细化，通过重新分类，体系内在逻辑更顺了，制度之间的关联度也更合理了。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">六、企业制度体系建设，一定要关注相关制度之间的关联性，制度与制度接口的衔接性，这是保证整个制度体系一致性、整体性的基础。<\/span><\/strong><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>在本次制度体系构建中，制度体系不仅层次分明，同层次的制度进行模块化划分，最重要的通过相关制度间的权责界面和流程接口的良好衔接，保证本制度体系的一致性、整体性。其中制度间的界面与接口的衔接尤其体现在一级制度与相对应二级制度权责关系的上下对接上，二级制度与相对应的三级制度的职责细分的上下对接上，上道程序制度与下道程序制度的流程传递的有机衔接上，使得整个制度体系更一体化。由于制度之间的接口清晰、流转顺畅，减少了许多非必要的环节，同时避免重要环节的缺失。在此次制度体系建设中，制度管控适度，即避免了过多、无价值控制，又加强了必要的控制，对重要事项设置控制点，使得整个制度体系权威性更强，也更具科学性。<\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section>03<\/span><\/p><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br\/><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><section><section><section><section><section><section>项目实施完后的成果<\/strong><\/p><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 37px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><section>此次制度体系的重新构建，将公司管控理念、战略意图、组织设想、部门职责通过这套制度体系完整链接，使<\/span>“企业内在的整体统一性”通过这套制度体系完整表达。所以，本次构建制度体系，无论在核心思想上、实质内容上还是在表现形式上，都给Ｈ企业带来全新的改变，更是通过本次制度体系重新构建将企业的整个管理体系打造得更加系统性、全面性、指导性。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 0em; color: rgb(53, 53, 53); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", 黑体, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">通过本次企业制度体系的构建，笔者也总结了一家企业在构建符合本企业管理实际需求的制度体系时重点应该考虑的几个关键要素：<\/span><\/strong><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section><section>① <\/span>一家企业的制度体系产生于企业具有个性化的环境，带有强烈的企业个性特征。因此，这家企业的制度体系一定要有自己的<\/span>“魂”，即贯穿制度体系的那根“主心骨”，那根“主心骨”就是企业管理者的管理理念与管控思想。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>② <\/span>企业的制度体系必须建立在企业实际需求之上，不能一味的追求全面，而忽略自身的实际需求。企业每到一个发展阶段，对制度体系的要求都不一样，制度体系的建立要与企业实际的管理水平相符合。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>③ <\/span>企业的制度体系并不仅仅是为了管人，而是通过一系列规章制度的制订，更有效地配置企业的核心资源，从而实现企业战略目标。因此，企业的一切制度必须与战略相匹配，围绕不断变化的生产、经营、管理的中心工作去编制、执行、维护制度，一切与战略目标产生冲突的制度都应及时废止或修改，保障制度与战略匹配的及时性。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>④ <\/span>企业的制度体系要能体现组织管控和组织架构的特点，公司的组织架构是企业制度体系建设的物质基础，组织职责与管理流程是各项制度形成的依据。因此，各项制度的核心内容要与企业现有的组织管控思想和组织架构相一致。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>⑤ <\/span>构建企业的制度体系一定要花时间、花精力关注制度之间的衔接。对企业的管理制度框架内做到横向没有遗漏，纵向不交叉、不重复、不矛盾，要使整个制度体系像一串串起来的珍珠项链，而不是<\/span>“麻袋装土豆”，否则各个制度只是简单归类分层，甚至有的制度之间还会相互冲突。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>⑥ <\/span>构建企业制度体系不仅仅在顶层设计上要关注制度体系的一致性和整体性，在微观上，同样要关注每个单体制度的实操性和可实施性，这是每个单体制度的价值与意义所在。因此，在制度建设工作中，制度文件的纲领性描述作用与流程文件的操作式指引价值同等重要。所以在具体制订每项制度时，一定要关注配套的规范表单系统，这样才能使整套制度体系真正落地。<\/span><\/span><\/section><section><br\/><\/span><\/span><\/section><section>总之，企业要夯实基础性管理工作，一定要重视构建一套完善的制度体系。通过这套制度体系，将管理理念、战略意图、组织设想都融入进来，进而形成一套体现企业自身特性的，结构完整、适用性强的管理体系，通过这套管理体系，有效配置资源，打造企业核心竞争力，最终促进公司战略目标实现。<\/span><\/section><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"69\"]"},{"id":8,"title":"股权设计与股权激励之“用变焦镜头认识管理与激励”","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1650965820,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1650965930,"update_time":1650965975,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"","tu":"","content":"<section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible;\">在近日的“中国职业经理人讲武堂2020年云南领航民营企业创新发展专项培训”项目中，<\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">和君恒成合伙人李寒冰现场发表了<\/span><\/strong>股权设计与股权激励相关<strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">的主题演讲。<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible;\">一天的课程中，李老师根据自身多年为诸多控股集团、上市公司、中小企业服务的股权设计与激励项目经验，将理论与知名企业案例有机结合，多角度阐述了股权设计与股权激励如何与公司治理、企业战略、组织、人力资源各模块的无缝对接方面的问题。<\/span><\/strong><\/section><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><\/p><section><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_jpg\/ydZfk9Ks5KD8HwmCN7qunia6JnOnIdiabC2IT4hoyvSzYIafKt5SGZFcr8vHwHibtKDp24yEynOJW1LlezNJ65cKw\/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/p><\/p><section><br\/><\/section><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible;\">以下是节选的演讲精彩内容：<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible;\">一、企业成长与股权<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; visibility: visible;\"><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; visibility: visible;\">首先，要本着以终为始的思维方式进行股权筹划，明确项目目的是助推企业健康快速的发展。<\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">自古“不谋万世者，不足谋一时，不谋全局者，不足谋一域”，顶层战略在军事、经济等领域的重要性不可小觑，对企业更是十分重要。股权设计与股权激励是企业顶层战略设计的重要一环，做好科学的股权结构设计和完善的股权激励是企业稳定发展的关键。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">课前说明：股权设计是针对外围人员的，股权激励是针对员工层面的。股权设计与股权激励是“假”、是“工具”；用变焦镜头认识管理与激励才是“真”、是“本质”。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzdMYAGicT55SgspVMnvj6u4IHzBuRo8ECicePUmuK9SJJ269KibxgibFTroA\/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">进行股权设计，第一步需要思考宏观经济环境、中观产业环境和微观市场环境；其次思考企业的商业模式和战略规划；最后思考企业的股权结构与组织结构，再从人性的角度进行方案设计。方案是简单的，但决策方案的方向才是核心。<\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzdWIJnognFfzSDAnUdbiaqk7AUWNz0tBcFIRCGcgxQj2CUKSoWOfb7ZGg\/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">做股权激励要把握时间与人性。在A轮进入之前实施股权激励，员工看到的是公司更多的问题，看不到企业更多的价值，但外部看到的是企业的价值。为了让员工相信，需要营造氛围，树立员工信心，从而在投资方进入之前完成股权激励布局。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">如果在A轮进入之后实施股权激励，有了投资公司的入驻，员工会因为看到所以相信。但由于对员工实施股权激励，需要低价或打折给员工持股，容易造成股权置换时其差额部分转变为管理成本，从而影响企业的利润，甚至最终会影响到公司正常上市。【这与在上市之前给员工原始股是同理】。<\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzd1BAIaenXVsMFE96iap3t6qbK9x80N10mPGs2XBeHtPpdYflibEgrJeMQ\/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">投资人的进入与退出，一般遵循隔轮退出的原则进行。<\/span><\/strong>股权架构的变化，基本上是遵循：早期资金投入占股、到能力资源入股、再到产业资源入股、再到各业务板块员工持股、最终上市引入社会公众股东的顺序进行。<\/span><\/strong><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">实施股权激励的双二十原则：给予股权激励的对象一般占比为员工总数的20%左右，员工占股总比例一般占总额的20%左右。给员工股权时，还需要在授予股权证书的大会上向全体员工讲解为何配股的原因，并给全员希望、传递股权激励的效果。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzdUZXmUrVojKviaGqOguMjT90b0S7Bt8d5PAV3MsNA0mTApjV7BAfeY8Q\/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">二、股权设计<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">在什么情况下需要动用股权？事实上，在公司设立阶段，如果需要融资金、融资源、融智力，就要动用股权。也可以采取抵债或贴金的方式置换股权。企业除了做股权结构，还要做股东结构。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">股权设计的123法则：基于公司商业模式和战略规划的需要；属于2人之间资源和股权的置换；并在公司需要、股东诉求和大股东之间平衡。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzdGQv7qc7XG3LVJyMU7Tqr787PxZ9YgHGu6dxvDXsVtefMNOvf8ZpJxg\/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">股权规划与设计本质是人与人之间建立一种交易关系。因此需要从双方角度思考要什么以及有什么。站在人才的角度，他一定会思考：事够不够大？团队是否靠谱?加入后能做什么？<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">中国注册的有限责任公司2000万余家，上市公司3500余家，从概率上来看，上市属于万分之一的成功率。因此，上市的目标可以有，但被并购也是出路之一，并购也可以进行股权激励。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">与国企合作或参股入股，要考虑国企性质的企业是否分红，如何变现。规范后的利润*市盈率才是公司的正确估值。规范的成本会增加30%左右。有时，放弃也是最好的战略。<\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">随着合作加深，合作的成本也会逐渐加大。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">三、股权激励<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"rich_pages\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/mmbiz_png\/ydZfk9Ks5KCCcF3hRELR5K2rfn3yAzzdBYL53aN8j8GEN6n7wTfo86Yt7OSMgpAFNbv02uRyrwpBcTeCX9x6FQ\/640?wx_fmt=png&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1\" alt=\"图片\"\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br\/><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">（详情略）<br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\"><br\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">课<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">中，李老师以大量的股权案进行深度解析，让同学们以旁观者的角度来学习他人的故事，体会到股权的本质。<\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">作为每月一次的培训课程，经过本次学习，同学们都认识到股权规划与设计不仅是相关知识的学习，更是基于具体场景需求灵活应用的实践过程。<\/span><\/strong><\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"60\"]"},{"id":7,"title":"政府产业基金特性及与市场化基金有机结合的研究","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":0,"audit":0,"push_time":1650785100,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1650785886,"update_time":1650785886,"top":1,"top2":1,"info":"推动形成以自主技术为核心的知识产权体系以及配合完善国家战略性产业布局，国家设立了集成电路、战略新兴产业、智能制造等产业引导基金。","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20220424\/20220424153800_71146.png","content":"  为推动形成以自主技术为核心的知识产权体系以及配合完善国家战略性产业布局，国家设立了集成电路、战略新兴产业、智能制造等产业引导基金。各地也纷纷成立了政府产业基金，用以推动本地经济发展和科技创新。2018年初，北京市设立了规模为300亿元的科技创新母基金，专注于硬科技行业，在早期投资领域进行布局。2019年，四川地区组建了协同发展投资引导基金，计划规模为50亿元，主要用于参股区域内的子基金和直接投资于四川省的“5+1”现代工业体系建设行业、现代服务业、生态环保产业等领域项目。同年5月，山东省滨州市设立了规模为50亿元的新旧动能转换母基金，用于推进传统产业向新兴产业的转型升级。2019年，西部核心城市乌鲁木齐市也提出要搭建百亿级产业引导基金，重点推进新材料、战略新兴产业、民族药、煤化工、农牧业以及文旅产业的招商引资和产业整合工作。可以说，各地政府搭建的产业基金如雨后春笋般破土而出。那么如何充分有效地发挥产业基金的引导功能呢，与市场化的私募基金进行有机结合是必经之路。本文将从如下几个方面进行探讨：<\/p>  一、政府产业基金的定位和功能<\/strong><\/p>    与市场化基金相比，政府产业基金有着不同的定位和功能，其本质是在单纯通过市场配置股权资本的机制失灵时，由政府设立政策性基金，以股权投资的形式增加政府资金的供给，发挥政府协调、调配职能和财政扶持功能。抛开国家层面产业基金的战略意义不谈，可以从以下四个角度理解地方政府产业基金的定位和功能：<\/p>    1.引导、培育和发展地方特色优势产业<\/p>        地方经济发展离不开产业的支撑，政府产业基金可以因地制宜，结合地方先天优势、配套资源、发展潜力等要素，引导、培育和发展地方特色优势产业，发挥相应的作用，配合产业政策落地。<\/p>    2.立足产业发展规划，促进招商引资和强链补链<\/p>        对于中西部地区而言，招商引资是带动项目落地和实现经济发展的重要路径，能够实现产业有序转移和引导社会资金投资于中西部地区，以促进区域间经济的平衡发展。而政府产业基金能够发挥资本招商的作用，既配套现有产业又进行强链补链，最终实现产业集聚和协同发展的目标。<\/p>    3.与市场化基金协同，推动新兴行业和创新性产业的发展<\/p>        政府产业基金一般定位为母基金，与招募到的市场化基金共同设立子基金，在克服单纯通过市场配置资本导致的市场失灵问题的同时，能够通过引入市场化的手段推动新兴行业和创新性产业的发展。<\/p>  二、政府产业基金的优势与短板<\/strong><\/p>    基于以上的定位和功能，在对投资选择的过程中，除了财务回报指标以外，政府产业基金更加关心投资对地方产业的推动作用以及对地方经济发展的战略意义。其优势与短板都非常明显：<\/p>    1.以直接投资的方式解决市场失灵领域的投资需求<\/p>        政府产业基金的作用源于政府职能的延伸，以实现政府各种既定的政策目标如经济振兴、产业转型或创业扶持等为目的。政府产业基金与市场化基金相比，其所具有的最大的优势在于能够解决市场失灵的问题。一方面，在重点产业领域，针对投资金额大、投资周期长的战略性融资项目，市场化基金囿于逐利性和短周期的偏好而不愿意参与，而政府产业基金却能够发挥关键性的引导示范作用，运用金融工具推进项目投资和重大项目落地，实现产业重点突破和跨越发展；另一方面，无论是招商引资的项目还是本土企业在起步阶段发生资金不足、在发展过程中出现政策缺失的问题时，政府产业基金介入其中后，都能够发挥一定的扶持作用和背书效应。<\/p>    2.扶持方式的科学化<\/p>        政府产业基金在一定程度上改变了以往饱受诟病的“撒胡椒面”式拨付扶持资金的模式，将其汇集在一起形成合力，以股权投资的方式支持产业发展。这种直接投资的方式显然有利于对被扶持项目的跟踪、评价与纠偏，在运营良好的情况下还能形成资金的“池效应”，从而进入资金的良性循环。<\/p>    3.资本放大效应<\/p>        政府参与产业投资的角色正在由直接投资者逐渐转变为间接投资者，政府产业基金最直接的一个作用就是引导社会资金集聚，该类基金能够有效地增加资本的供给，解决资金来源的问题。政府通过将该部分财政资金投入产业基金后引入相配比的增量社会资本，财政资金的投资效应进一步放大。<\/p>    4.投后延伸服务<\/p>        在项目投后管理过程中，由于产业基金与地方政府存在深度的关联关系，地方政府愿意为基金提供额外的延伸服务，如协调市场、金融、其他方面的配套政策等资源，以确保产业基金引导职能的实现。<\/p>        此外，政府产业基金作为实现产业升级的重要工具，在政策调动和资源聚集方面具备突出的优势，更有利于推动金融脱虚向实发展。当然，正因为政府产业基金脱胎于政府职能，其与市场化基金在把握市场机会、投研能力和机制限制等方面也存在着不小的差异与差距。<\/p>  三、政府产业基金与市场化基金的有机结合<\/strong><\/p>    （一）政府产业基金层面的举措<\/p>      1.引入市场化机制组建产业基金的管理机构<\/p>        根据各地政府产业基金的差异化定位，可以对组建基金的管理机构做两种市场化的制度安排：一是不设国有性质的基金管理公司，直接引入高水准的非国有机构作为政府产业基金的管理机构，二是引入合适的非国有机构或团队共同组建混合所有制的政府产业基金管理机构。<\/p>        如果因政策限制必须是纯国有的管理机构，由于政府产业基金的管理人员需要掌握全面知识、熟悉产业政策、领会产业发展方向，能够透过母基金监督子基金的运行并穿透到行业以及项目层面。管理人对实现国有资本的保值增值任务负担重大的管理责任，但行业整体的员工收入水平却处于较低的状态，难以吸引更多的优秀人才加入到管理团队中，因此需要平衡好政策引导与市场化运作间的关系，通过合理的容错机制和激励制度调动团队的积极性，进一步提升基金管理水平，提高政府资金的使用效率。<\/p>      2.招募对口的专业化子基金<\/p>        随着市场的业务分工越来越细，各行各业的专业化程度越来越高，形成了医药健康、新材料、智能制造、新零售领域等各个专业投资板块板块，也催生了各具特色的基金管理机构。按照政府产业基金的定位，从这些机构中遴选到对口的专业化基金管理机构作为子基金的管理人，可以在行业研究、项目把控以及社会资本募集等方面少走很多弯路。<\/p>    （二）市场化基金对接政府产业基金应打造的能力<\/p>      1.产业整合能力<\/p>        与单纯以PE为主的基金管理机构的能力要求不同，要胜任政府产业基金的市场化子基金，首先要打造的是产业整合能力，如需要具备对产业的深度理解，通过投资或投行业务的成功案例树立管理机构相应的行业地位，谙熟产业领域上下游相关企业并对其有一定的影响力等等。<\/p>      2.招募社会资本的能力<\/p>        在与政府产业基金合作的过程中，市场化基金需要打开对接社会资本的视野：<\/p>        上市公司基于自身发展以及市值管理的需求，具有不断进行并购扩张的动力，因此对接同行业的上市公司是首选，引入上市公司作为基金的投资人，兼具规范性、增信效应及退出渠道畅通等综合优势；<\/p>        对接上下游产业链主体出资，以资金为纽带推进相关企业抱团发展，强链补链，实现产业集群效益；<\/p>        基于区域产业发展的协同性，可以尝试对接省级、地市级、区县级等各级政府产业基金，形成合力，支持产业发展。2019年搭建的乌鲁木齐新奇康医药健康产业基金就引入了自治区科技成果转化引导基金，乌鲁木齐市重点产业引导基金和乌鲁木齐市高新区重点产业引导基金三级国有资本，共同助力区域中药民族药行业的整合壮大。<\/p>      3.风险控制能力<\/p>        基于政府产业基金保值增值的底线要求，市场化基金与之结合更需要提高风险控制能力，深度打磨包括对产业政策、行业研究、以及项目分析和把控的能力。<\/p>      4.投后管理能力<\/p>        政府产业基金的期限一般在5-7年左右，在这相对较长的期限里，子基金管理人须做好投后管理工作，防止项目偏离预先制定的目标是重中之重，基金管理人必须具备参与项目重点经营决策的投后管理能力。<\/p>      5、沟通协调能力<\/p>        鉴于政府产业基金具有延伸政府职能的特殊性，与传统PE相比，需要以换位思考的思维，打造善于与政府发起方进行沟通协调的能力，统筹好稳健发展和效率提升的辩证关系。<\/p>从趋势上看，政府产业基金将会在政策与市场竞争的引导下越来越市场化。市场化基金把握好与政府产业基金的合作，将有利于构建PE+产业+并购的投资模式，有利于带动市场化基金打破单一发展的困局，同时促进政府产业基金的优化发展，从而形成正向循环。<\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":2,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"59\"]"},{"id":6,"title":"智能锁经销商窜货盛行，天条何在，管理何在？","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1583164800,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1648818266,"update_time":1649240112,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"秩序是市场稳定快速发展的基础，凡事都是不以规矩不能成方圆，智能锁的市场管理也是同样的道理，任何行业任何市场都需要天条式的管理制度。对于智能锁而言，单个价值高，空间利润尚大，对于窜货的管理就更加必要了，可以说这是真心跟随品牌经销商的最基本要求，也是最基本的信心保证，其重要性不言而喻。","tu":"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401338201.png","content":"作者系华夏基石集团迪智成咨询资深营销师<\/p>深圳迪智达企业管理咨询有限公司总经理<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401338201.png\" title=\"20220401338201.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>秩序是市场稳定快速发展的基础，凡事都是不以规矩不能成方圆，智能锁的市场管理也是同样的道理，任何行业任何市场都需要天条式的管理制度。对于智能锁而言，单个价值高，空间利润尚大，对于窜货的管理就更加必要了，可以说这是真心跟随品牌经销商的最基本要求，也是最基本的信心保证，其重要性不言而喻。<\/p>如今，很多的智能锁品牌并没有充分的意识到窜货对品牌和市场的破坏力，要么没有严明的窜货管理制度，要么有制度执行不彻底，导致经销商怨声载道，信心丢失，品牌的发展也开始面临各种艰难险阻，如此低级的错误延续发生，实属不应该。<\/p>一、窜货制度建立的原则<\/strong><\/p>一）、公平原则<\/p>对于渠道市场而言，窜货管理的对象对于每一个经销商都是一视同仁的，不存在任何可能的特殊。市场需要自己去开发，成果也是自己去享受，公平而公正，有些经销商不种地，只想打粮，靠窜货赢得自己的短期利益，其根本就是损坏他人的利益为前提，将自己的赚钱快感建立在别人利益损失的痛苦之上，无疑是值得痛恨和痛打的。所以，不管经销商客户经营实力的大小，也不管经销商销量的大小，对于窜货的管理对象必须一视同仁，法不容情，这是最基本的原则，无人可以豁免。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401898160.png\" title=\"20220401898160.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>二）、严厉原则<\/p>人若无所畏惧，就会肆意妄为，只有严明严厉的规则制度才能让人有所畏惧，好比人们敬畏法律一样，不敢轻易以身试法。智能锁的窜货管理一旦发生，不是简单清除，而是必须进行处罚，处理力度原则上在窜货金额的3倍左右，要有偷鸡不成蚀把米的基本管理思想，否则提醒、警告、没收等方式阻挡不了窜货方的窜货冲动，不痛不痒相反会纵容对方的窜货行为，处罚必须痛，非常痛才能解决基本问题。笔者一服务客户曾建立窜货一把锁罚款5000元的处理制度，很好的形成了窜货威慑力。<\/p>三）、取证充分原则<\/p>涉及到处罚，窜货的人就想不要被处罚，各种狡辩理由五花八门，所以窜货的认证依据就变得关键。对于智能锁而言，可以管好代理商对分销网点的发货，管不住分销网点天南海北的零售对象，这是正常的现象，所以窜货管理的重点在于分销网点的销售管理。认证的依据：一是代理商是否跨区域给分销商上样，二是代理商是否跨区域发货到分销商门店，三是收集到跨区域发货的物流凭证，四是代理商是否有进行相关报价的书面和口头证据进行市场干扰，并造成分销商隐蔽性的跨区域进货，只要上述四种情况一旦发生，就可以通过拍照、录音等方式进行证据锁定，进而有理有据的进行处罚，让窜货方无言以对。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401633419.png\" title=\"20220401633419.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>二、窜货管理执行的难点<\/strong><\/p>在建立基本的窜货管理制度后，对于窜货管理的执行就变得尤为关键，说到底还是关于窜货管理的认识程度而影响到的执行决心。执行过程中，主要存在的难点有如下几点：<\/p>一）、制度宣讲不够。制度宣讲不够会导致窜货代理商没有引起足够的重视，所以窜货管理制度除了在双方的合作合同上要予以体现外，在每次的公司会议上要不断的进行强调，强化公司上下人员和代理商的思想认识，还可以举行一些不窜货宣誓活动等。<\/p>二）、厂家业务人员进行包庇。有些业务人员为了怕影响客情关系，会不自觉的包庇自己的代理商免予处罚，所以对于业务人员的包庇行为一旦被发现，或者发现窜货后处理仍然拖沓，对业务人员必须进行连带经济处罚。<\/p>三）、对大客户纵容。很多厂家怕得罪大客户，他们会影响到公司的销售业绩，由此相关处罚会很犹豫，甚至不敢处罚。实质很多的智能锁大客户不是因为市场做得精细，而是市场区域占得够广，很多销售都跨出了代理区域，销量的大来自窜货量的大，而不是本身市场的占有率高，其销售的量大是损坏其它市场利益为前提的，对公司的销量帮助平衡下来也不会有特别大的贡献，甚至会产生极为不好制度破坏示范效果。从根本上来说，这类大客户更加是窜货管理监控的重点，也是必须坚决处理的对象，否则整个管理体系会被破坏掉，最终伤害品牌的根本利益。<\/p>四）、最高处罚决策人态度犹豫。很多的处罚决定下不来，在于最高处罚决策人的态度犹豫，不放手下面管理人员的决定权，同时自己态度不鲜明，导致已经窜货的代理商可以通过各种方式和渠道讲人情，一些窜货行为的处罚变得不了了之，影响到了被窜货方的经济利益，也损害市场管理制度的严肃性，势必形成事件扩散影响，进而影响到更多代理商对制度明确的认可性。<\/p>五）、取证不充分。涉及到处罚就会有较大的经济利益，所以取证方面必须充分，需要符合窜货处罚的相应情节，如果取证不充分，被窜货方拿不出确凿的证据，处罚就变得理由不充分，由此取证必须充分，做到真正的铁证如山，无可辩驳，也无情可讲。<\/p>    <\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401243848.png\" title=\"20220401243848.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>三、窜货管理的技术手段建议<\/strong><\/p>一）、可以对产品进行归宿地技术编码，在产品外包装、说明书，以及智能锁的软件管理系统上提供公开的技术查询方法，让所有代理商、分销商，甚至消费者都可以进行查询。这样做，一是可以轻易查询到窜货归宿地，二是用户进行网上登记也可以了解市场的最终销量。<\/p>二）、可以在产品外包装印刷、产品显示屏开启界面显示、保修卡印刷，以及锁背面相应位置丝印等方式，提醒消费者查询产品归宿地，以保障售后服务权益，否则非本归宿地产品的售后服务可能受到严重影响等字样，从消费者角度进行窜货杜绝。<\/p>三）、可以在智能锁上安装智能定位芯片，厂家可以跟踪到产品的所处位置，如今定位跟踪技术非常成熟，成本已经非常低，厂家在启用此项技术时不但可以查询窜货的可能性，还可以检测到产品的使用动向，完全可以尝试。<\/p> <\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401919633.png\" title=\"20220401919633.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>智能锁的窜货管理是品牌长期发展的基础，没有充分的认识、必须的决心和相应的技术手段并不容易管理，很多品牌的发展在此项问题上都功亏一篑，严重影响到品牌的壮大发展。制度是天条，管理是手段；天下熙熙，无往不利，智能锁经销商窜货总在不断涌现，抓好窜货管理是项长期的工作，下定决心，坚持如一，看似有些困难的问题也会迎刃而解。<\/p>智能锁发展已经进入深水区，任何闪失都可能导致品牌失去市场契机和先发优势。市场的管理是品牌发展的重要组成部分，也是基础部分，容不得有任何闪失，真正有市场远识的厂家会更加重视市场管理，做好窜货管理<\/em><\/span>。<\/em><\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2020","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"52\",\"51\"]"},{"id":5,"title":"LED替换市场，如何掌握用户痛点和爽点？","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1586793600,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1648817537,"update_time":1649240101,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"照明市场有新建和替换用户之说，新建是指新建了场所需要照明产品，而替换市场却是指已经安装了照明产品的需要新的产品进行替换。拥有庞大保有量的替换市场，因为非刚需和需要启发需求的原因，在市场开展上难度要大很多，往往会被照明厂家和经销商自动忽略，但其市场潜力却是非常巨大的。","tu":"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401864065.png","content":"作者系华夏基石集团迪智成咨询资深营销师<\/p>深圳迪智达企业管理咨询有限公司总经理<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401864065.png\" title=\"20220401864065.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>照明市场有新建和替换用户之说，新建是指新建了场所需要照明产品，而替换市场却是指已经安装了照明产品的需要新的产品进行替换。拥有庞大保有量的替换市场，因为非刚需和需要启发需求的原因，在市场开展上难度要大很多，往往会被照明厂家和经销商自动忽略，但其市场潜力却是非常巨大的。<\/p>2008年全球金融危机时期，国家实施了4万亿的经济刺激计划，对照明行业实施了单位用户和个人替换传统T8灯管等进行财政补贴，促进了T5三基色荧光灯等产品的大面积使用，照明行业的替换市场得到了广泛发展。如今，许多的场所依然沿用着传统的T8灯管、白炽灯等，耗电程度远远高出LED照明产品，不经济、不环保、光效差的矛盾尤为突出。那么，LED替换市场的庞大商家们，到底应该如何激发用户的痛点和爽点呢？<\/p> 一、痛点和爽点的界定<\/strong><\/p>有一个著名的KANO理论模型，把用户需求进行了优先级排序，归类为基础需求、期望需求、兴奋需求和反向需求几种，其中基础需求是最根本和最核心的需求，有关“基础需求”的问题才能算是真正的“痛点”，基础需求没解决，人的痛苦会非常明显。对于照明而言，在漆黑空间无法正常工作和生活，有任何照明产品可以照亮空间就是满足了基础需求。<\/p>而营销痛点需求的发掘往往不会仅局限在基础需求，而是会向期望需求、兴奋需求去延伸。即使是最传统的光源技术也能提供照明，但用电费用和照明效果对比差别的巨大性往往会刺激到用户的期望需求，而LED照明产品就能达到这样的效果。LED照明产品相对于传统照明产品能够节电超过70%、光效提高50%以上、使用寿命可以延长3-5倍，巨大的性能优势让新建市场已经很少见到传统产品在采用了，而对于替换市场的价值同样明显。<\/p>以常见的水晶灯灯泡为例，传统的白炽灯光源大多在10瓦左右，一个水晶灯上少则10来个、多的几十个光源，把灯打开就是上百瓦和几百瓦在消耗，首先是电费会很高，另外散热很大，整个房屋空间会加热升温，夏天还要消耗空调费，对于很多家庭而言，水晶灯甚至会成为摆设，真正用来做照明就会觉得电费太高，靠近也太热，这明显属于民用市场上的消费者痛点。<\/p>单位用户里的事业单位成本概念较为模糊，但是企业单位的用电支出是非常大的一笔固定费用，少则上万，多则上十万、百万，如果用LED照明替换掉传统照明产品，省电成本可以达到70%左右，无疑可以节约一笔非常大的开支，而节约的费用往往在3到5年就可以抵消LED产品的采购成本了，整体而言还是非常划算的。<\/p>总之，照明行业因为LED新技术的兴起，替换市场上的痛点和爽点是非常明确的，关键是采取什么样的方式唤起用户的认识，尝试性的使用产品，进而激发爽点产生规模性的需求。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401572446.png\" title=\"20220401572446.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>二、替换策略与方法<\/strong><\/p>在照明大单位用户方面，从国外引进过来有合同能源管理模式（EMC），即单位用户的用灯由照明厂家或经销商进行免费提供，同时免费提供安装和售后服务，照明厂家或经销商的收益来自于替换产品后一定时间内的节约电费分成（通常按7:3左右比例进行分成）。该模式的好处在于用电单位不用花费任何成本就可以享受到照明效果更好的产品，同时在约定分成年限后可以继续享受电费节约的收益；对于照明厂家或经销商而言，虽然进行了前期产品的垫支，但是电费节约分成收益往往会高出产品直接售卖收益不少，对于客户的开发变得更加轻松，由此合同能源管理模式（EMC）在单位用户市场，是一种完全双赢的模式，不失为一种有效的策略和方法。合同能源管理模式（EMC）唯一需要强调的是单位用户用电的稳定性，即：一是单位用户生存稳定，不至于在合同期间倒闭，二是用电量基本稳定，不会月份差别过大。大型商业场所、订单充足工厂、机关事业单位等大多符合相关条件。小商户单位客户则采用一个月计费周期的试用模式，灯具和光源都可以替换，试用完后直接产品销售。<\/p>而在民用市场方面，以家庭为单位的民用替换主要体现在灯泡光源上，特别是客卧水晶灯、花灯，这类客户极为分散，产品数量少，价格总额不高，单独跟踪和售卖的成本非常高，直接进行推广显然经济效益会很差，但民用家庭用户胜在用户数量多，单位产品利润高，是不可忽视的重要市场。民用市场的替换最好的策略和方式是借力营销，一是可以借物业的力，按批发价给物业，由物业在小区管理APP上进行推送宣传和商城销售（与电商平台相差不多就行），顺便还提供了安装服务；二是可以借助小区士多店，做一个宣传展架直接描述替换后的各种“爽点”，进行免费试用登记，试用后再进行购买，这样也增加了用户与士多店的关系粘性，带动了其它店内产品的销售；三是可以异业联盟作为流量性产品进行低价推广，带动联盟商家产品跑量，然后进行相应比例分成。<\/p>单位用户和家庭用户的替换市场会面临不同的消费场景，痛点和爽点有一定差异，但真正尝试使用后，这种期望需求和兴奋需求一定能得到充分的满足，市场的规模性也得到展现。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401862530.png\" title=\"20220401862530.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>三、难点与注意点<\/strong><\/p>一）、用户麻木。用户对传统照明产品的不足和LED产品缺少基本认识，坚持认为自己的产品还可以用，为什么就要花钱去买新的呢，对于商家的任何解释对方都半信半疑，认为可能想在他身上赚钱，予以顽固拒绝，这里面的启发成本较高，需要注意客户的有效沟通。<br\/><\/p>二）、大单位用户在EMC模式过程中进行中途买断。一些单位用户在前期觉得合同能源管理模式（EMC）不用付出成本，有便宜占，但到后期发现商家的分成比例很高，还不如直接购买划算，于是强制变更合同，变分成模式为直接产品购买，让厂家的前期垫支成本难以核算，收益也大为降低。<\/p>三）、小商户单位相对来说需要寻找服装、餐饮、士多店等客户稳定性较强、位置相对集中的区域进行替换，降低客户开发的时间成本，也不至于随时关门走人，原则上不选择门店面积小于50平方米的商户，原因主要是用灯数量少，对方如果需要可以建议直接购买。<\/p>四）、民用家庭用户的替换操作，建议采取上门免费安装方式，主要目的是落实用户用灯的真实性，同时在对方心里暗示可以找得到地方，不至于以后找不到人和收不到钱。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401520384.png\" title=\"20220401520384.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>LED照明兴起时间不算太长，传统照明产品依然存有庞大的保有量，进行LED产品的替换具有十分巨大的市场空间，新建市场竞争非常激烈，很多的品牌发展非常困难，如果能够新建市场和替换市场两手都抓，采取合适的策略和方法坚持做，不失为一种摆脱现有经营困境、实现新业务增长的重要途径。<\/p>红海残酷，蓝海不易！LED照明替换市场，有着消费升级背景下的蓝海市场容量和前景，快人一步也好，快马加鞭也罢，市场痛点和爽点早已呈现。相信，LED照明替换市场一定会得到更多照明品牌的关注，巨大的蓝海商机一定会被行业有识之士掌握。<\/strong><\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2020","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"52\",\"51\"]"},{"id":4,"title":"LED替换市场，如何掌握用户痛点和爽点？","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1586793600,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1648817537,"update_time":1648817876,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"照明市场有新建和替换用户之说，新建是指新建了场所需要照明产品，而替换市场却是指已经安装了照明产品的需要新的产品进行替换。拥有庞大保有量的替换市场，因为非刚需和需要启发需求的原因，在市场开展上难度要大很多，往往会被照明厂家和经销商自动忽略，但其市场潜力却是非常巨大的。","tu":"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401864065.png","content":"作者系华夏基石集团迪智成咨询资深营销师<\/p>深圳迪智达企业管理咨询有限公司总经理<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401864065.png\" title=\"20220401864065.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>照明市场有新建和替换用户之说，新建是指新建了场所需要照明产品，而替换市场却是指已经安装了照明产品的需要新的产品进行替换。拥有庞大保有量的替换市场，因为非刚需和需要启发需求的原因，在市场开展上难度要大很多，往往会被照明厂家和经销商自动忽略，但其市场潜力却是非常巨大的。<\/p>2008年全球金融危机时期，国家实施了4万亿的经济刺激计划，对照明行业实施了单位用户和个人替换传统T8灯管等进行财政补贴，促进了T5三基色荧光灯等产品的大面积使用，照明行业的替换市场得到了广泛发展。如今，许多的场所依然沿用着传统的T8灯管、白炽灯等，耗电程度远远高出LED照明产品，不经济、不环保、光效差的矛盾尤为突出。那么，LED替换市场的庞大商家们，到底应该如何激发用户的痛点和爽点呢？<\/p> 一、痛点和爽点的界定<\/strong><\/p>有一个著名的KANO理论模型，把用户需求进行了优先级排序，归类为基础需求、期望需求、兴奋需求和反向需求几种，其中基础需求是最根本和最核心的需求，有关“基础需求”的问题才能算是真正的“痛点”，基础需求没解决，人的痛苦会非常明显。对于照明而言，在漆黑空间无法正常工作和生活，有任何照明产品可以照亮空间就是满足了基础需求。<\/p>而营销痛点需求的发掘往往不会仅局限在基础需求，而是会向期望需求、兴奋需求去延伸。即使是最传统的光源技术也能提供照明，但用电费用和照明效果对比差别的巨大性往往会刺激到用户的期望需求，而LED照明产品就能达到这样的效果。LED照明产品相对于传统照明产品能够节电超过70%、光效提高50%以上、使用寿命可以延长3-5倍，巨大的性能优势让新建市场已经很少见到传统产品在采用了，而对于替换市场的价值同样明显。<\/p>以常见的水晶灯灯泡为例，传统的白炽灯光源大多在10瓦左右，一个水晶灯上少则10来个、多的几十个光源，把灯打开就是上百瓦和几百瓦在消耗，首先是电费会很高，另外散热很大，整个房屋空间会加热升温，夏天还要消耗空调费，对于很多家庭而言，水晶灯甚至会成为摆设，真正用来做照明就会觉得电费太高，靠近也太热，这明显属于民用市场上的消费者痛点。<\/p>单位用户里的事业单位成本概念较为模糊，但是企业单位的用电支出是非常大的一笔固定费用，少则上万，多则上十万、百万，如果用LED照明替换掉传统照明产品，省电成本可以达到70%左右，无疑可以节约一笔非常大的开支，而节约的费用往往在3到5年就可以抵消LED产品的采购成本了，整体而言还是非常划算的。<\/p>总之，照明行业因为LED新技术的兴起，替换市场上的痛点和爽点是非常明确的，关键是采取什么样的方式唤起用户的认识，尝试性的使用产品，进而激发爽点产生规模性的需求。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401572446.png\" title=\"20220401572446.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>二、替换策略与方法<\/strong><\/p>在照明大单位用户方面，从国外引进过来有合同能源管理模式（EMC），即单位用户的用灯由照明厂家或经销商进行免费提供，同时免费提供安装和售后服务，照明厂家或经销商的收益来自于替换产品后一定时间内的节约电费分成（通常按7:3左右比例进行分成）。该模式的好处在于用电单位不用花费任何成本就可以享受到照明效果更好的产品，同时在约定分成年限后可以继续享受电费节约的收益；对于照明厂家或经销商而言，虽然进行了前期产品的垫支，但是电费节约分成收益往往会高出产品直接售卖收益不少，对于客户的开发变得更加轻松，由此合同能源管理模式（EMC）在单位用户市场，是一种完全双赢的模式，不失为一种有效的策略和方法。合同能源管理模式（EMC）唯一需要强调的是单位用户用电的稳定性，即：一是单位用户生存稳定，不至于在合同期间倒闭，二是用电量基本稳定，不会月份差别过大。大型商业场所、订单充足工厂、机关事业单位等大多符合相关条件。小商户单位客户则采用一个月计费周期的试用模式，灯具和光源都可以替换，试用完后直接产品销售。<\/p>而在民用市场方面，以家庭为单位的民用替换主要体现在灯泡光源上，特别是客卧水晶灯、花灯，这类客户极为分散，产品数量少，价格总额不高，单独跟踪和售卖的成本非常高，直接进行推广显然经济效益会很差，但民用家庭用户胜在用户数量多，单位产品利润高，是不可忽视的重要市场。民用市场的替换最好的策略和方式是借力营销，一是可以借物业的力，按批发价给物业，由物业在小区管理APP上进行推送宣传和商城销售（与电商平台相差不多就行），顺便还提供了安装服务；二是可以借助小区士多店，做一个宣传展架直接描述替换后的各种“爽点”，进行免费试用登记，试用后再进行购买，这样也增加了用户与士多店的关系粘性，带动了其它店内产品的销售；三是可以异业联盟作为流量性产品进行低价推广，带动联盟商家产品跑量，然后进行相应比例分成。<\/p>单位用户和家庭用户的替换市场会面临不同的消费场景，痛点和爽点有一定差异，但真正尝试使用后，这种期望需求和兴奋需求一定能得到充分的满足，市场的规模性也得到展现。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401862530.png\" title=\"20220401862530.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>三、难点与注意点<\/strong><\/p>一）、用户麻木。用户对传统照明产品的不足和LED产品缺少基本认识，坚持认为自己的产品还可以用，为什么就要花钱去买新的呢，对于商家的任何解释对方都半信半疑，认为可能想在他身上赚钱，予以顽固拒绝，这里面的启发成本较高，需要注意客户的有效沟通。<br\/><\/p>二）、大单位用户在EMC模式过程中进行中途买断。一些单位用户在前期觉得合同能源管理模式（EMC）不用付出成本，有便宜占，但到后期发现商家的分成比例很高，还不如直接购买划算，于是强制变更合同，变分成模式为直接产品购买，让厂家的前期垫支成本难以核算，收益也大为降低。<\/p>三）、小商户单位相对来说需要寻找服装、餐饮、士多店等客户稳定性较强、位置相对集中的区域进行替换，降低客户开发的时间成本，也不至于随时关门走人，原则上不选择门店面积小于50平方米的商户，原因主要是用灯数量少，对方如果需要可以建议直接购买。<\/p>四）、民用家庭用户的替换操作，建议采取上门免费安装方式，主要目的是落实用户用灯的真实性，同时在对方心里暗示可以找得到地方，不至于以后找不到人和收不到钱。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401520384.png\" title=\"20220401520384.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>LED照明兴起时间不算太长，传统照明产品依然存有庞大的保有量，进行LED产品的替换具有十分巨大的市场空间，新建市场竞争非常激烈，很多的品牌发展非常困难，如果能够新建市场和替换市场两手都抓，采取合适的策略和方法坚持做，不失为一种摆脱现有经营困境、实现新业务增长的重要途径。<\/p>红海残酷，蓝海不易！LED照明替换市场，有着消费升级背景下的蓝海市场容量和前景，快人一步也好，快马加鞭也罢，市场痛点和爽点早已呈现。相信，LED照明替换市场一定会得到更多照明品牌的关注，巨大的蓝海商机一定会被行业有识之士掌握。<\/strong><\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2020","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"52\"]"},{"id":3,"title":"渠道熵变，LED照明因变而变","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1602172800,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1648816718,"update_time":1648818862,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"照明行业受LED技术推动，已经多年来保持不低于20%的年复合增长，LED通用照明占到整个照明电器行业销售额的70%，市场规模有望在2020年达到4500亿，市场增长和市场容量均值得期待。\r\n\r\n技术的快速迭代带动了LED照明产品的高速蓬勃发展，受互联网信息穿透和电商平台销售分流，又导致专业灯饰市场风清冷淡、萧瑟寒心。行业景气，但集中灯饰市场冷清，反应的是渠道的离散分化；越来越不可触摸的渠道熵变，不确定性让LED照明企业又该如何为变化而变呢？","tu":"\/Uploads\/keditor\/image\/20220401\/20220401203833_63996.png","content":"作者系华夏基石集团迪智成咨询资深营销师<\/p>深圳迪智达企业管理咨询有限公司总经理<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401329885.png\" title=\"20220401329885.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p> 照明行业受LED技术推动，已经多年来保持不低于20%的年复合增长，LED通用照明占到整个照明电器行业销售额的70%，市场规模有望在2020年达到4500亿，市场增长和市场容量均值得期待。wo<\/p>技术的快速迭代带动了LED照明产品的高速蓬勃发展，受互联网信息穿透和电商平台销售分流，又导致专业灯饰市场风清冷淡、萧瑟寒心。行业景气，但集中灯饰市场冷清，反应的是渠道的离散分化；越来越不可触摸的渠道熵变，不确定性让LED照明企业又该如何为变化而变呢？<\/p> 一、渠道熵变<\/strong><\/p>得渠道者得天下，对LED照明也是不变的真理，布局经销渠道是品牌做大做强的必然之路。传统线下渠道大致遵循两种模式：一是代理商→分销商→终端用户，如欧普、雷士等；二是代理商（厂家）→终端用户，如三雄、百分百等。两种模式基于LED产品类型有不同的选项，家居照明、商业照明为主的品牌会选择第一种，工程照明和道路照明为主的品牌会选择第二种。对于不同时期的产品和不同的发展阶段可能会变更不同的渠道模式；而相同时期的产品和相同的发展阶段，也可能因为区域市场的不同特点而出现混合型的渠道模式。<\/p>变化随时在变，分公司模式、运营中心模式、代理商模式、物流商模式在照明行业都广泛的存在过，而如今整个社会商业环境的变化已让一些模式不复存在。过去，照明行业销售渠道多依托集中灯饰市场、临街商铺等作为需求信息入口，并据此形成产品销量，家居照明、商业照明，甚至工程照明、道路照明等对门店的依赖性都比较重；如今，互联网信息穿透、电商平台销售分流、渠道下沉导致渠道离散，集中市场异常冷清，品牌对门店的依赖度逐步降低已是不争的事实，渠道熵变不可避免，新的格局在形成。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401280802.png\" title=\"20220401280802.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>二、格局新生<\/strong><\/p>变化势不可挡，渠道离散已成新常态，新的格局在变化中已逐步诞生。而新的格局变化，一是体现在电商渠道的分流形成，照明电商品牌在兴起；二是渠道逐级下沉分散明显，大店、社圈店在兴起，分散了集中灯饰市场的关注度。<\/p>电商链接了厂家和用户的直接信息关联，销售环节也早已直接打通，成为了家居照明、部分中小型工程照明，以及光源替代市场的重要销售渠道，直接体现了线上线下结合的销售特征。在如今情况下，大部分照明企业的销量绝大部分还是来自线下，但线上的重要性在持续增强，渠道格局上变成线上线下双向出击。<\/p>同时，原来的照明品牌多以省代、市代为主，大的品牌会辅以运营中心、分公司、办事处进行市场管理。如今，一些品牌已完全没有省代概念，直接市级和县级代理结合，大店直管，社圈店兴起，中间出货环节的减少，渠道直接下沉分散。渠道下沉的意义虽然可以增加产品终端价格竞争力，同时增厚经销商的利润，从而增加了品牌的整体竞争力，但也让渠道变得不再那么容易触控，特别是一些中小厂家。<\/p>变化的新格局是渠道的离散分化，而这种分化又变得不可逆转，品牌必须顺势而为适应新变化，拥抱变化。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401278099.png\" title=\"20220401278099.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>三、因变而变<\/strong><\/p>行业发展依托于国家政策形势，企业发展依托于行业发展水平，其中的共生道理是在面对外部大的环境变化时，更小的个体基本都无力改变，而只有适应和拥抱变化，也正印证着“改变能改变的，适应不能改变的”的流行语。LED照明企业自然也需要去适应行业渠道离散的现实，然后去改变可以改变的渠道规划。<\/p>如今的照明行业渠道规划大多线上、线下双线规划，但需要明确线上和线下何为重点，何为辅助，两线完全通吃的情况大多不易实现；同时，因为线下渠道的下沉离散，渠道规划需讲究集中和分散兼顾，完全集中会带来客户流量损失，销量减少；过于分散又会导致市场投入资源分散，不利于主体渠道建设。当然，各种情况的实施都得基于企业的现实基础和资源能力。<\/p>LED照明企业绝大多数都是从传统照明过渡而来，人员熟悉行业环境、了解产品配套资讯，拥有从技术、管理、营销等方面的行业人才，掌握渠道网络和人脉资源等，但也面临传统照明思维进行LED产品规划，原有经销商体系僵化，营销人员思路传统有余、创新不足等问题。所以，在谈拥抱行业变化、实施变化行为时，不单是考虑市场外部环境变化，还得基于企业上述可能存在的内部不足进行综合分析，然后有针对性的进行渠道规划和实施，这样才能说是正确的拥抱变化。<\/p>蜘蛛建立新家时会选择容易捕食的地方结网，尽可能的大而密，目的是尽可能网住可以果腹的食物；营销上所讲的渠道建设，就好比企业在结一张可以进行产品销售的网，只有网结好了，才能实现对用户的覆盖，也才能真正实现销售。LED照明渠道已经离散，营销通路的熵变又往往是不少品牌新生和新突破的机会。我们有理由相信，为变化而变的LED照明企业必将迎来更大的发展机会。<\/strong><\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2020","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"52\"]"},{"id":2,"title":"群雄逐鹿，智能锁品牌竞争胜出三大根基","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1648742400,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1648816329,"update_time":1648818921,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"智能锁经过最近两年的高速发展，加上一些明星品牌的强力推广，已被行业和广大消费者普遍接受；出现了前所未有的市场风口，也形成了智能锁品牌雨后春笋般蜂拥而出。有权威调研显示，80%的消费者对任何行业的品牌知晓度只保持在三个以下，其它不会形成直接购买意向判断，那么竞争非常激烈的智能锁行业，谁会脱颖而出、长跑得胜呢，有那些基础条件是必须具备的？笔者结合行业咨询实战经验谈谈个人看法，以供商榷。","tu":"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401312178.png","content":"<blockquote style=\"margin: 1em 0px; padding: 4px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; border-left: 3px solid rgb(219, 219, 219); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;\">作者系华夏基石集团迪智成咨询资深营销师<\/p>深圳迪智达企业管理咨询有限公司总经理<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401312178.png\" title=\"20220401312178.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p><br\/><\/p><\/blockquote>智能锁经过最近两年的高速发展，加上一些明星品牌的强力推广，已被行业和广大消费者普遍接受；出现了前所未有的市场风口，也形成了智能锁品牌雨后春笋般蜂拥而出。有权威调研显示，80%的消费者对任何行业的品牌知晓度只保持在三个以下，其它不会形成直接购买意向判断，那么竞争非常激烈的智能锁行业，谁会脱颖而出、长跑得胜呢，有那些基础条件是必须具备的？笔者结合行业咨询实战经验谈谈个人看法，以供商榷。<\/p>一、研发决定品牌底蕴<\/strong><br\/><\/p>智能锁作为机械、电子、通讯三种技术复合的产品，技术密集程度比较高，而研发部门的首要任务是保证新品的功能先进性和性能的稳定性，涉及多方面的技术集合，不是几个技术人员外加螺丝刀可以做得出来的，必须得有外观、结构、电子、软件、系统集成等多方面的开发工程师才能完成，一旦某一方面处理不好，产品就非常容易出现非此即彼的故障和性能瑕疵，严重影响用户体验。<\/p>所以智能锁品牌厂家原则上是必须要有自己的专业研发队伍，这样才能真正推出品牌独一无二的产品，否则就只能抄袭和模仿。如今，真正做自主研发的品牌确实非常少，大多是无研发OEM的拿来主义和抄袭模仿经典款式，完全没有技术沉淀，这是非常可怕的。无研发OEM的拿来主义产品容易没有特色，有些特色的又会被OEM厂家放给多个品牌进行贴牌，长远来讲对品牌发展会很被动；模仿抄袭的短期逐利可解决短期的一些市场目标和品牌小积累，但品牌会背上山寨的烙印，经销商们也大多心知肚明和短期逐利，长期来说模仿的产品品质故障率会加重售后服务成本，最终也会被经销商彻底抛弃。现在的手机、家电等山寨模仿几乎绝迹，原因也在于没有自主研发就根本没有品牌地位。<\/p>毫无疑问，市场充分竞争后“剩”者为王，能被消费者集中认可的品牌一定是带有优秀自主研发能力的品牌，模仿抄袭品牌只能浑水摸鱼。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401256021.png\" title=\"20220401256021.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>二、品牌形象抢占用户心智<\/strong><\/p>时下，消费者对品牌形象的视觉感知越来越挑剔，要求时尚且富有档次，正所谓“产品好不好，要看起来就是好”、“产品贵不贵，要看起来就是贵”、“产品吸不吸引年轻人，要看起来就符合年轻人的兴趣特征”。智能锁品牌的VI设计理应转换立场，站在消费者的角度去思考LOGO造型、色彩应用、包装图案等内容，以便更准确的贴近当下消费者时尚品位的诉求。现有的很多智能锁品牌VI视觉意识薄弱、品位欠缺，导致画册设计、产品包装、宣传图片、产品文案等工业特征浓厚，与智能锁体现的科技、时尚、高端身份完全不匹配，这又如何能受到消费者的青睐呢。<\/p>在品牌诉求口号方面，不管是“永不停止的凯迪士”、“名门静音门锁，岂止于静”，还是“德施曼，守护心领神会”、“普罗巴克，紧扣幸福生活”，于消费者角度而言实际都还是有些不知所云，不能体现消费者的核心功能关切和情感互动，可能还不如“安全保用5年，2小时售后服务到位”的承诺更简单直接的抢占消费者的购买心智，能够对产品销售产生直接刺激。现在智能锁品牌的宣传诉求往往揪住安全、便捷等共性特征，普遍没有抓到自身品牌的独有亮点进行集中诉求，从而抢占消费者的心理认知。<\/p>消费者对智能锁的购买行为有两点因素需要重点考虑，一是作为功能性日用工业品，低购买频次、高使用频率，消费者没有频繁购买的机率，但熟人口碑效应和模糊的品牌印象影响极大；二是现阶段并没有消费者普遍熟知的品牌，在消费场景的认知构建方面非常重要，消费者在购买场地看到的、听到的、体验到的直接决定了当时的购买行为。由此，智能锁厂家在考虑企业的发展目标、现有资源等情况下，如何决定品牌传播组合策略和实施计划非常关键。现阶段的电视广告直接受众关联经销商招商，代言人直接受众关联经销商招商和消费场景，投放在建材市场的户外广告、门店的装修建设、门头广告的制作、室内喷绘直接受众关联消费场景层面，而一些行业媒体、互联网官网、百度系宣传系统、自媒体传播等更多体现的是综合作用，对于不同广告形式的作用和策略运用要有准确的认识，否则品牌的广告效应很难建立起来。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401113982.png\" title=\"20220401113982.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>三、售后服务决定最后胜利<\/strong><\/p>智能锁作为大部分用户的首次购买产品，不加注意的使用不当，老人、小孩的不会使用都会产生售后服务要求，无形中增加了很多售后服务事项和频率；同时，作为机械、电子、通讯等技术复合集成的产品，产品的性能稳定性受多方面因素影响，售后服务的发生在所难免。<\/p>智能门锁一旦打不开，传统开锁的师傅一般也没有办法技巧性打开，用户容易产生进不了门的火急火燎的毛躁心理，用户会刻不容缓的将矛头直接指向产品质量的不合格，这就产生了智能锁比其它任何产品都要高的售后服务标准，促使智能锁厂家建立完善的售后服务体系成了刚性配套。<\/p>现在绝大部分智能锁厂家高度关注经销商的产品销售，因为销售是产生效益的，对产生成本的售后服务重视度非常不足，根本没有去建立完善的售后服务组织体系、标准体系和管理规范，导致很多售后服务的发生，经销商要么不去做，要么琢磨售后的服务过程中如何赚取用户的钱，这也极大的损害了品牌在消费者心目中的形象，也损害终端门店经销商的信心和底气。<\/p>值得一提的是，很多智能锁品牌没有自己的线下售后服务体系，但又在电商平台上进行低价倾销模式销售，委托第三方进行安装服务，但过了退货期就怕发生售后服务成本而没有委托第三方维护售后，导致电商上销售的很多智能锁的售后维护严重不到位，甚至被直接忽略，导致严重差评和投诉涌现，这显然不利用品牌的长期生存。<\/p>无疑，售后服务是智能锁品牌绕不开的核心环节，也是品牌最终必须全面做好的工作，事关品牌发展的生命线，它将决定智能锁品牌在竞争环境越来越激烈的情况下谁能取得最终胜利。<\/p><img src=\"\/uploadfile\/2022\/0401\/20220401824299.png\" title=\"20220401824299.png\" alt=\"image.png\"\/><\/p>笔者从智能锁品牌发展的基础要求阐述了关于产品研发、品牌形象、售后服务三项核心内容的观点，也坚持认为，只有做好了这三项基本内容才可能让品牌真正有了发展的根基，当然智能锁品牌也需要在营销推广、团队建设、生产、供应链等方面做好工作，合力保障品牌的最后成功。<\/p>榕树之所以枝繁叶茂、千年长存，因其向下伸根、向上长叶；圣诞树璀璨耀眼，节后清除成垃圾，当是无根无源，“过把瘾”就死。智能锁，理当生命力如榕树，切实向下扎根夯实基础，奋力向上生长枝叶，这样才能根深叶茂、生命旺盛。我们也有理由相信，越来越多的智能锁品牌和厂家会认清形势、顺势而为，在智能锁快速发展的风口中奠定自己的地位。<\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"52\"]"},{"id":1,"title":"政府产业基金特性及与市场化基金有机结合的研究","style_color":"","flag":"","cat_id":"[\"62\"]","admin_id":0,"role_id":1,"audit":0,"push_time":1648801200,"onclick":0,"sort":1,"status":1,"seotitle":"","keywords":"","description":"","create_time":1648801299,"update_time":1648821936,"top":0,"top2":0,"info":"推动形成以自主技术为核心的知识产权体系以及配合完善国家战略性产业布局，国家设立了集成电路、战略新兴产业、智能制造等产业引导基金。各地也纷纷成立了政府产业基金，用以推动本地经济发展和科技创新。2018年初，北京市设立了规模为300亿元的科技创新母基金，专注于硬科技行业，在早期投资领域进行布局。","tu":"\/static\/home\/images\/qimg6.jpg","content":"为推动形成以自主技术为核心的知识产权体系以及配合完善国家战略性产业布局，国家设立了集成电路、战略新兴产业、智能制造等产业引导基金。各地也纷纷成立了政府产业基金，用以推动本地经济发展和科技创新。2018年初，北京市设立了规模为300亿元的科技创新母基金，专注于硬科技行业，在早期投资领域进行布局。2019年，四川地区组建了协同发展投资引导基金，计划规模为50亿元，主要用于参股区域内的子基金和直接投资于四川省的“5+1”现代工业体系建设行业、现代服务业、生态环保产业等领域项目。同年5月，山东省滨州市设立了规模为50亿元的新旧动能转换母基金，用于推进传统产业向新兴产业的转型升级。2019年，西部核心城市乌鲁木齐市也提出要搭建百亿级产业引导基金，重点推进新材料、战略新兴产业、民族药、煤化工、农牧业以及文旅产业的招商引资和产业整合工作。可以说，各地政府搭建的产业基金如雨后春笋般破土而出。那么如何充分有效地发挥产业基金的引导功能呢，与市场化的私募基金进行有机结合是必经之路。本文将从如下几个方面进行探讨：<\/p>一、 政府产业基金的定位和功能<\/p>与市场化基金相比，政府产业基金有着不同的定位和功能，其本<\/p>质是在单纯通过市场配置股权资本的机制失灵时，由政府设立政策性基金，以股权投资的形式增加政府资金的供给，发挥政府协调、调配职能和财政扶持功能。<\/p>抛开国家层面产业基金的战略意义不谈，可以从以下四个角度理解地方政府产业基金的定位和功能：<\/p>1. 引导、培育和发展地方特色优势产业<\/p>地方经济发展离不开产业的支撑，政府产业基金可以因地制宜，<\/p>结合地方先天优势、配套资源、发展潜力等要素，引导、培育和发展地方特色优势产业，发挥相应的作用，配合产业政策落地。<\/p>2. 立足产业发展规划，促进招商引资和强链补链<\/p>对于中西部地区而言，招商引资是带动项目落地和实现经济发展的重要路径，能够实现产业有序转移和引导社会资金投资于中西部地区，以促进区域间经济的平衡发展。而政府产业基金能够发挥资本招商的作用，既配套现有产业又进行强链补链，最终实现产业集聚和协同发展的目标。<\/p>3. 与市场化基金协同，推动新兴行业和创新性产业的发展<\/p>政府产业基金一般定位为母基金，与招募到的市场化基金共同设立子基金，在克服单纯通过市场配置资本导致的市场失灵问题的同时，能够通过引入市场化的手段推动新兴行业和创新性产业的发展。<\/p>二、 政府产业基金的优势与短板<\/p>基于以上的定位和功能，在对投资选择的过程中，除了财务回报指标以外，政府产业基金更加关心投资对地方产业的推动作用以及对地方经济发展的战略意义。其优势与短板都非常明显：<\/p>1. 以直接投资的方式解决市场失灵领域的投资需求<\/p>政府产业基金的作用源于政府职能的延伸，以实现政府各种既定的政策目标如经济振兴、产业转型或创业扶持等为目的。政府产业基金与市场化基金相比，其所具有的最大的优势在于能够解决市场失灵的问题。一方面，在重点产业领域，针对投资金额大、投资周期长的战略性融资项目，市场化基金囿于逐利性和短周期的偏好而不愿意参与，而政府产业基金却能够发挥关键性的引导示范作用，运用金融工具推进项目投资和重大项目落地，实现产业重点突破和跨越发展；另一方面，无论是招商引资的项目还是本土企业在起步阶段发生资金不足、在发展过程中出现政策缺失的问题时，政府产业基金介入其中后，都能够发挥一定的扶持作用和背书效应。<\/p>2. 扶持方式的科学化<\/p>政府产业基金在一定程度上改变了以往饱受诟病的“撒胡椒面”<\/p>式拨付扶持资金的模式，将其汇集在一起形成合力，以股权投资的方式支持产业发展。这种直接投资的方式显然有利于对被扶持项目的跟踪、评价与纠偏，在运营良好的情况下还能形成资金的“池效应”，从而进入资金的良性循环。<\/p>3. 资本放大效应<\/p>政府参与产业投资的角色正在由直接投资者逐渐转变为间接投<\/p>资者，政府产业基金最直接的一个作用就是引导社会资金集聚，该类基金能够有效地增加资本的供给，解决资金来源的问题。政府通过将该部分财政资金投入产业基金后引入相配比的增量社会资本，财政资金的投资效应进一步放大。<\/p>4. 投后延伸服务<\/p>在项目投后管理过程中，由于产业基金与地方政府存在深度的关<\/p>联关系，地方政府愿意为基金提供额外的延伸服务，如协调市场、金融、其他方面的配套政策等资源，以确保产业基金引导职能的实现。<\/p>此外，政府产业基金作为实现产业升级的重要工具，在政策调动和资源聚集方面具备突出的优势，更有利于推动金融脱虚向实发展。当然，正因为政府产业基金脱胎于政府职能，其与市场化基金在把握市场机会、投研能力和机制限制等方面也存在着不小的差异与差距。<\/p>三、 政府产业基金与市场化基金的有机结合<\/p>（一）政府产业基金层面的举措<\/p>1.引入市场化机制组建产业基金的管理机构<\/p>根据各地政府产业基金的差异化定位，可以对组建基金的管理机<\/p>构做两种市场化的制度安排：一是不设国有性质的基金管理公司，直接引入高水准的非国有机构作为政府产业基金的管理机构，二是引入合适的非国有机构或团队共同组建混合所有制的政府产业基金管理机构。<\/p>如果因政策限制必须是纯国有的管理机构，由于政府产业基金的管理人员需要掌握全面知识、熟悉产业政策、领会产业发展方向，能够透过母基金监督子基金的运行并穿透到行业以及项目层面。管理人对实现国有资本的保值增值任务负担重大的管理责任，但行业整体的员工收入水平却处于较低的状态，难以吸引更多的优秀人才加入到管理团队中，因此需要平衡好政策引导与市场化运作间的关系，通过合理的容错机制和激励制度调动团队的积极性，进一步提升基金管理水平，提高政府资金的使用效率。<\/p>2.招募对口的专业化子基金<\/p>随着市场的业务分工越来越细，各行各业的专业化程度越来越高，形成了医药健康、新材料、智能制造、新零售领域等各个专业投资板块板块，也催生了各具特色的基金管理机构。按照政府产业基金的定位，从这些机构中遴选到对口的专业化基金管理机构作为子基金的管理人，可以在行业研究、项目把控以及社会资本募集等方面少走很多弯路。<\/p>（二）市场化基金对接政府产业基金应打造的能力<\/p>1.产业整合能力<\/p>与单纯以PE为主的基金管理机构的能力要求不同，要胜任政府产业基金的市场化子基金，首先要打造的是产业整合能力，如需要具备对产业的深度理解，通过投资或投行业务的成功案例树立管理机构相应的行业地位，谙熟产业领域上下游相关企业并对其有一定的影响力等等。<\/p>2.招募社会资本的能力<\/p>在与政府产业基金合作的过程中，市场化基金需要打开对接社会资本的视野：<\/p>上市公司基于自身发展以及市值管理的需求，具有不断进行并购扩张的动力，因此对接同行业的上市公司是首选，引入上市公司作为基金的投资人，兼具规范性、增信效应及退出渠道畅通等综合优势；<\/p>对接上下游产业链主体出资，以资金为纽带推进相关企业抱团发展，强链补链，实现产业集群效益；<\/p>基于区域产业发展的协同性，可以尝试对接省级、地市级、区县级等各级政府产业基金，形成合力，支持产业发展。2019年搭建的乌鲁木齐新奇康医药健康产业基金就引入了自治区科技成果转化引导基金，乌鲁木齐市重点产业引导基金和乌鲁木齐市高新区重点产业引导基金三级国有资本，共同助力区域中药民族药行业的整合壮大。<\/p>3.风险控制能力<\/p>基于政府产业基金保值增值的底线要求，市场化基金与之结合更需要提高风险控制能力，深度打磨包括对产业政策、行业研究、以及项目分析和把控的能力。<\/p>4.投后管理能力<\/p>政府产业基金的期限一般在5-7年左右，在这相对较长的期限<\/p>里，子基金管理人须做好投后管理工作，防止项目偏离预先制定的目标是重中之重，基金管理人必须具备参与项目重点经营决策的投后管理能力。<\/p>5、沟通协调能力<\/p>鉴于政府产业基金具有延伸政府职能的特殊性，与传统PE相比，<\/p>需要以换位思考的思维，打造善于与政府发起方进行沟通协调的能力，统筹好稳健发展和效率提升的辩证关系。<\/p>从趋势上看，政府产业基金将会在政策与市场竞争的引导下越来<\/p>越市场化。市场化基金把握好与政府产业基金的合作，将有利于构建PE+产业+并购的投资模式，有利于带动市场化基金打破单一发展的困局，同时促进政府产业基金的优化发展，从而形成正向循环。<\/p><br\/><\/p>","year":"2022","fid":"","rid":3,"type":0,"fid_json":"[\"52\"]"}]

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